Funso lomwe anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 amakhala nalo ndi lakuti, "Kodi ndipitirize kumwa mankhwalawa? Kapena ndisinthe?" Mwina nanunso mwadzifunsapo za izi. Mwina shuga m'magazi mwanu simukulamulidwa bwino, kapena mwina mankhwala anu akukubweretserani zotsatirapo zake. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za nthawi yomwe mungafunike kusintha mankhwala anu a shuga.
Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kuganizira zosintha mankhwala?
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe dokotala wanu angasankhire kusintha dongosolo lanu la chithandizo. Ziwiri mwa zofunika kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kosalamulirika komanso zotsatirapo zake chifukwa cha mankhwala.
Shuga Wambiri M'magazi
Chofunika kwambiri pa matenda a shuga ndi kusunga shuga m'magazi mwanu mkati mwa mlingo winawake. Pokhapokha mutatero mungathe kuchepetsa mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha matenda a shuga. Ngati shuga wanu sunalamulidwe ndi mankhwala omwe mukumwa panopa ndipo ukupitirizabe kukhala wokwera, dokotala wanu angasinthe mlingo wa mankhwalawo kapena kuwonjezera mankhwala ena.
Tangoganizirani, mankhwala omwe munayamba nawo poyamba ankawongolera shuga wanu bwino. Koma pakapita nthawi, mankhwalawo okha sangakhale okwanira. Zimenezo n’zachibadwa. Kenako, ngati mankhwala amodzi sakwanira, dokotala adzawonjezera ena. Ngati awiri sakwanira, achitatu akhoza kuwonjezeredwa.
Shuga Wochepa M'magazi
Mankhwala ena a shuga angayambitse kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu. M'mawu azachipatala, izi zimatchedwa hypoglycemia . Izi zikachitika, mutha kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga kugwedezeka, thukuta kwambiri, chizungulire, komanso kusokonezeka . Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa.
Ngati mumakhala ndi zizindikiro zimenezi pafupipafupi, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu za izi. Iye akhoza kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwala anu kapena kukusamutsirani mankhwala ena.
Mankhwala ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa
Ngati muli ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe zikusokoneza moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku kapena zikukubweretserani mavuto ndi mankhwala ena omwe mumamwa, chimenecho chingakhale chifukwa chosinthira mankhwala a shuga. Koma kumbukirani, mukayamba mankhwala ena atsopano, poyamba mungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazing'ono thupi lanu likayamba kuwazolowera kenako nkutha. Koma ngati zikupitirira kapena zili zoopsa, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.
Tiyeni tsopano tiwone mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa matenda a shuga, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso zotsatirapo zake.
| Gulu la mankhwala | Kufotokozera ndi zotsatira zoyipa zofala |
|---|---|
| Biguanides Mwachitsanzo: Metformin | Iyi ndi mankhwala oyamba a matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri. Amapangitsa thupi kugwiritsa ntchito insulin moyenera. Zotsatirapo zake: Kusanza, kudzimbidwa, kudzimbidwa, kutsegula m'mimba, kusowa kwa vitamini B12. (Izi zitha kuchepetsedwa pomwa mankhwala pamodzi ndi chakudya). Matenda oopsa koma osowa: Lactic Acidosis. Fufuzani thandizo lachipatala mwamsanga ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro monga kupuma movutikira, kupweteka kwa minofu kosazolowereka, kapena kutopa kwambiri. |
| Sulfonylureas Mwachitsanzo, Glimepiride, Glipizide | Zimathandiza kuti kapamba apange insulin yambiri. Zotsatirapo zake: Shuga wochepa m'magazi (hypoglycemia), kunenepa kwambiri, ziphuphu pakhungu, mkodzo wakuda. |
| Meglitinides Mwachitsanzo: Repaglinide | Izi zimathandizanso kuti kapamba atulutse insulin, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala za kanthawi kochepa. Zotsatirapo zake: Shuga wochepa m'magazi (Hypoglycemia), kunenepa kwambiri. |
| Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) Mwachitsanzo: Pioglitazone | Zimathandizira kuti insulin igwire bwino ntchito m'thupi. Zotsatirapo zake: Kutupa chifukwa cha kusunga madzi m'thupi, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoipa (LDL). Palinso malipoti osonyeza kuti munthu amakumana ndi matenda oopsa monga matenda a mtima ndi kusweka kwa mafupa. |
| Zoletsa za SGLT2 Mwachitsanzo: Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin | Zimapangitsa impso kutulutsa shuga wochuluka mu mkodzo. Zotsatirapo zake: Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha matenda a mkodzo ndi yisiti m'mimba. Komabe, mankhwala awa apezekanso kuti amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi impso. |
| Zoletsa za DPP-4 Mwachitsanzo: Sitagliptin, Linagliptin | Zimathandiza kapamba kutulutsa insulin mutatha kudya. Zotsatirapo zake: Kupweteka pakhosi, chimfine, kusokonezeka m'mimba. Nthawi zina, kupweteka m'mafupa, kapamba kumachitika. |
| GLP-1 ndi GIP/GLP-1 Agonists Mwachitsanzo: Semaglutide, Tirzepatide | Izi zimabwera ngati jakisoni kapena mapiritsi. Zimathandiza kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi komanso zimathandiza kuchepetsa thupi. Zotsatirapo zake: nseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kupweteka m'mimba. |
| Chithandizo cha Insulin | Ngati mankhwala ena alephera kulamulira shuga m'magazi, jakisoni wa insulin angafunike. Zotsatira zake zazikulu: Kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi (hypoglycemia). Kuphatikiza apo, mutu, kupweteka/kupweteka pamalo obayira jakisoni kungachitike. |
Chofunika kudziwa: Zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi zina mwa zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri. Mankhwala aliwonsewa amatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa (monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, mankhwala a cholesterol). Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwitsa dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse omwe mukumwa.
Kusintha kwa moyo ndi matenda atsopano
Ngakhale kusintha kwa moyo wanu kungakhale chifukwa chosinthira mankhwala anu.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati muchepetsa thupi kapena muyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku, mphamvu ya thupi lanu ku insulin ingakulire, ndipo mungafunike kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwala omwe mumamwa. Mofananamo, ngati muwonjezera thupi kapena mukuyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono, mungafunike kuwonjezera mlingo wa mankhwalawo kapena kuwonjezera mankhwala ena.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukuyamba matenda atsopano (monga matenda a impso, matenda a chiwindi, matenda a mtima), mankhwala anu a shuga sangagwirizane ndi mankhwala omwe mukumwa. Zikatero, dokotala wanu adzasinthanso dongosolo lanu la chithandizo cha matenda a shuga.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Ndizachibadwa kusintha mankhwala anu a matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri pakapita nthawi. Musadandaule nazo.
- Kusalamulira shuga m'magazi molakwika, zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe sizingapiririke, kusintha kwa moyo, kapena kukula kwa matenda atsopano kungayambitse kusintha kwa mankhwala.
- Ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse ndi mankhwala anu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli.
- Musasiye kapena kusintha mlingo wa mankhwala anu a shuga popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri.
- Uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena onse, mavitamini, ndi zowonjezera zomwe mukumwa.
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