Tiyeni tiphunzire za mayeso a Coombs m'njira yosavuta.

Nthawi zina dokotala wathu akatipatsa mayeso a magazi, sitingathe kudziwa bwino lomwe. Dzina lina lotere ndi 'Coombs test'. Muyenera kuti munamvapo za mayesowa, makamaka ngati muli ndi pakati, mwapatsidwa magazi, kapena ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto monga jaundice. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe mayesowa amayang'ana komanso chifukwa chake ndi ofunikira, m'njira yosavuta.

Mwachidule, kodi mayeso a Coombs awa ndi chiyani?

Thupi lathu lili ndi chitetezo, monga gulu lankhondo lomwe limateteza dziko. Asilikali apadera omwe ali mu gulu lankhondoli timawatcha kuti ma antibodies . Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndi kutiteteza ku matenda polimbana ndi adani, monga majeremusi, mabakiteriya, ndi mavairasi, otchedwa ma antigen , omwe amalowa m'thupi kuchokera kunja.

Koma taganizirani, chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati nthawi zina magulu odziteteza awa alakwitsa ndikuyamba kuukira maselo athu abwino komanso athanzi m'malo mowazindikira ngati adani akunja? Ndicho chinthu choyipa kwambiri. Mayeso a Coombs amafufuza ngati pali ma antibodies m'magazi mwathu omwe angaukire maselo ofiira amagazi, kapena ngati akuukira kale.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mayeso a Coombs.

Inde, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mayeso a Coombs. Dokotala adzakuuzani kuti muchite chimodzi mwa ziwirizi. Tiyeni tiwone kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi motere.

Nchifukwa chiyani mayeso a Coombs ndi ofunika kwambiri panthawi ya mimba?

Kuyesa kwa Indirect Coombs, komwe kumachitika panthawi ya mimba, kumafufuza ngati magazi a mayi ali ndi ma antibodies motsutsana ndi Rh factor. Tsopano tiyeni tiwone chomwe Rh factor iyi ili.

Tangoganizirani, kuwonjezera pa mitundu yathu ya magazi (A, B, AB, O), pakhoza kukhala puloteni ina yapadera, kapena 'chizindikiro', pa maselo ofiira a magazi. Izi zimatchedwa Rh factor .

• Ngati chizindikiro ichi chilipo, mtundu wa magaziwo ndi wa Rh-positive (monga O positive, A positive).
• Ngati chizindikiro ichi sichikupezeka, mtundu wa magaziwo ndi Rh-negative (monga O negative, A negative).

Tsopano ganizirani izi: Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani ngati mtundu wa magazi a mayi uli ndi Rh-negative (kutanthauza kuti ulibe chizindikiro chapaderacho), koma mwana amene ali m’mimba alandira mtundu wa magazi a bambo ake ndipo ali ndi Rh-positive (kutanthauza kuti magazi a mwana ali ndi chizindikiro chimenecho)?

Chomwe chingachitike apa ndi chakuti ngati magazi ochepa a mwana asakanikirana ndi magazi a mayi nthawi ina, monga panthawi yobereka, chitetezo cha mthupi cha mayi chimazindikira 'chizindikiro' chotchedwa Rh factor m'magazi a mwana ngati mdani wachilendo. Kenako thupi la mayi limayamba kupanga ma antibodies kuti amenyane ndi mdaniyo. Izi zimatchedwa Rh sensitization .

Kawirikawiri, panthawi ya mimba yoyamba, ma antibodies amenewa amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti apangidwe, kotero mwana woyamba sakhudzidwa kwambiri. Komabe, vutoli limabwera panthawi ya mimba yotsatira. Ngati mayi akuberekanso mwana wokhala ndi Rh-positive, ma antibodies omwe adapangidwa kale amakhala okonzeka m'magazi a mayi, amadutsa mu placenta, ndikuyamba kuukira ndikuwononga maselo ofiira a mwana.

Izi zingayambitse mavuto aakulu azaumoyo kwa mwana, monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi jaundice. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchita mayeso a Coombs kumayambiriro kwa mimba kuti mudziwe ngati pali chiopsezo chotere, ndipo ngati pakufunika, kuchichiza kuti chipewe.

Kodi mumachitanso mayeso awa kwa makanda obadwa kumene?

Inde. Nthawi zina, ngati mwana wakhanda ali ndi matenda a jaundice oopsa, madokotala amatha kuchita mayeso a Direct Coombs Test. Mayeso amenewa akuwona ngati ma antibodies omwe amapangidwa ndi mayi panthawi ya mimba alowa m'thupi la mwana, atalumikizidwa ku maselo ofiira a magazi a mwana, ndikumuwononga.

Kodi pali chilichonse chomwe ndiyenera kuchita ndisanachite mayeso?

Ayi. Palibe chapadera chomwe muyenera kukonzekera musanapite kukayezetsa Coombs. Simukuyenera kusala kudya kapena kusiya kumwa mankhwala aliwonse.

Kuyeza magazi kumeneku ndi kosavuta kwambiri. Singano yaying'ono imayikidwa mu mtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu ndipo magazi amatengedwa. Mudzamva kubayidwa pang'ono kokha. Kenako magaziwo amatumizidwa ku labu kuti akayesedwe. Zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mkati mwa maola 24.

Kodi lipoti la mayeso limatanthauza chiyani?

Zotsatira za mayesowa zitha kubwera m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: Zabwino kapena Zoipa.

Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani ngati mutapeza zotsatira zabwino?

• Ngati mwapezeka ndi kachilombo musanapereke magazi: Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kusamala kwambiri popereka magazi, ndikusankha mtundu wa magazi womwe uli woyenera kwa inu. Anthu omwe amalandira magazi mobwerezabwereza amatha kupanga ma antibodies awa, kotero zimakhala zovuta kupeza mtundu wa magazi woyenera.
• Ngati mwapezeka ndi kachilomboka panthawi ya mimba: Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi lanu lapanga ma antibodies motsutsana ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Rh. Kenako muyenera kupeza chithandizo kuti muteteze mwanayo.
• Ngati lipoti la mwana lili ndi kachilombo ka HIV: Nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza kuti mwanayo ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kapena matenda a chikasu. Dokotala amamufufuza mwanayo ndikumulangiza chithandizo chofunikira.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, monga khungu kapena maso kukhala achikasu (jaundice) , kutopa ndi kufooka pafupipafupi , chizungulire , kapena kusokonezeka , pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo . Iye adzakuyang'anirani ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, adzakuyesani mayeso ena, kuphatikizapo mayeso a Coombs, kuti adziwe momwe mulili komanso chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.

Mayeso a Coombs ndi mayeso okhawo omwe amapatsa dokotala wanu chidziwitso cha vuto lomwe lili m'thupi lanu. Sakukuuzani bwino lomwe kuti matendawa ndi otani. Chifukwa chake, ngati mutapeza zotsatira zabwino, mungafunike kuchita mayeso ambiri kuti mudziwe chomwe chikuyambitsa matendawa.