Kodi muli ndi calcium deposits mu mitsempha yanu ya mtima? (Coronary Artery Calcification)

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo ngati calcium yambiri ingakulitse mitsempha yayikulu yomwe imanyamula magazi kupita kumtima? Zili ngati limescale m'mapaipi amadzi pakapita nthawi. Izi ndi zomwe timazitcha kuti coronary artery calcification (CAC) . Nthawi zina, izi zitha kuchitika popanda zizindikiro zooneka. Koma kudziwa izi ndikofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi la mtima wanu.

Kodi Kuchuluka kwa Mitsempha ya Coronary ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, apa ndi pamene calcium imasonkhana mkati mwa makoma a mitsempha ikuluikulu iwiri yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima mwanu, yotchedwa mitsempha ya mtima . Izi sizichitika mwadzidzidzi. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga zaka pafupifupi zisanu kuti calcium ikhazikike mkati mwa mitsempha yanu, patatha nthawi yomwe muli ndi plaque yowunjikana (yotchedwa atherosclerosis ). Taganizirani ngati chitoliro chomwe chili ndi dothi ndi zinyalala, kenako kuchulukana kumeneko kumakula.

Kuchuluka kwa calcium m'mitsempha iyi ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha matenda a mitsempha ya mtima . Izi zimathandiza dokotala wanu kuwunika chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a mtima.

Mafuta amenewa akamaunjikana m'mitsempha, amachepetsa kuyenda kwa magazi. Mukudziwa, mitsempha ya mtima imapereka magazi ochuluka mu minofu ya mtima. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuyenda kwa magazi kudzera m'mitsempha iyi kwatsekedwa, mutha kupweteka pachifuwa (angina) , kapena choipa kwambiri, matenda a mtima .

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya calcium deposits:

Madokotala amaona izi m'njira ziwiri zazikulu, kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa calcium komwe kumayikidwa mu khoma la mitsempha yamagazi:

1. Kuyika kwa magazi mkati mwa mtima: Izi zimachitika mkati mwa khoma la mitsempha yamagazi. Mtundu uwu umapezeka kwambiri m'mitsempha ya mtima.

2. Kuyika kwapakati: Izi zimachitika pakati pa khoma la mitsempha.

Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa calcium deposits mu mitsempha yamagazi ndi atherosclerosis?

Pali mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa ziwirizi. Kuchuluka kwa calcium m'mitsempha yanu kungakupatseni lingaliro la kuchuluka kwa atherosclerosis yomwe muli nayo, komwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amapezeka m'mitsempha yanu. Atherosclerosis ndi pamene mafuta amasonkhana m'mitsempha yanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yochepa. Zimapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino. Calcium ingapangitse vutoli kukhala loipitsitsa.

Ndani amene akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli?

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima nthawi zambiri amawona calcium m'mitsempha iyi.

• Ndi zaka:Tikayang'ana anthu azaka zopitirira 70, amuna opitilira 90% ndi akazi 67% ali ndi vutoli. Asanathe kusamba, akazi amatetezedwa pang'ono ku chiopsezo chotenga matendawa (atherosclerosis) chifukwa cha mahomoni a estrogen . Ichi ndichifukwa chake akazi amadwala matendawa patatha zaka 10-15 kuposa amuna.
• Mtundu/Fuko: Kafukufuku wina wapeza kuti anthu oyera ndi omwe ali ndi vutoli kuposa mafuko ena.
• Kwa amuna: Amuna ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa (Coronary Artery Calcification).

Kodi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli ndi ziti? (Ngati muli ndi zinthuzi, mungakhalenso pachiwopsezo)

Anthu ena ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza vutoli. Onani ngati muli ndi zinthu izi zomwe zingakubweretsereni chiopsezo:

• Ngati muli ndi matenda a impso osatha .
• Ngati muli ndi vuto la shuga m'magazi monga Diabetes Mellitus .
• Ngati mulingo wa cholesterol yoipa (LDL - Low-Density Lipoprotein) uli wokwera ndipo mulingo wa cholesterol yabwino (HDL - High-Density Lipoprotein) uli wochepa.
• BMI (Body Mass Index) , ndiko kuti, ngati body mass index ili pamwamba (kunenepa kwambiri).
• Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi mbiri ya calcium deposits mu mitsempha ya mtima (cholowa).
• Ngati muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi .
• Ngati muli ndi mbiri yosuta fodya kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina za fodya.
• Ndi kukula kwa ukalamba.
• Ngati pali zovuta mu hormone ya parathyroid .
• Ngati phosphate m'magazi ndi yokwera.
• Ngati mulingo wa calcium m'magazi uli wokwera.

Kodi izi zimachita chiyani ndi thupi? Kodi zimakhudza bwanji thupi?

Kalisiyumu ikaunjikana m'mitsempha yanu ya mtima, imapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba . Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu yawo yoti ichepetse ndikukulitsa bwino. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a mtima.

Mwachidule, kuchuluka kwa calcium kumeneku kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amafika ku minofu ya mtima wanu. Taganizirani ngati injini yomwe imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Ngati itaya magazi ake, idzakhala ndi mavuto, eti?

Chinthu china n’chakuti pamene calcium deposits ili m’mitsempha yamagazi, zimakhala zovuta kwa madokotala kuchita mankhwala enaake, monga Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) , kapena monga tonse tikudziwira , Angioplasty, chifukwa calcium deposits imeneyi imatha kusokoneza kuyikidwa bwino kwa stent yomwe imayikidwa mkati mwa mtsempha wamagazi.

Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli (Coronary Artery Calcification) sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse . Ndicho chinthu choopsa kwambiri. Koma pakapita nthawi, pamene vutoli likuipiraipira, zizindikiro zina zingawonekere. Izi ndi izi:

• Angina Yokhazikika: Uku ndi kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kusapeza bwino komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena pokwera masitepe. Kumachepa mukapuma.
• Kupuma movutikira.
• Matenda a mtima.

Chofunika: Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza upangiri wa dokotala.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti?

Kawirikawiri tikakwanitsa zaka 40, calcium m'magazi mwathu imayamba kusonkhana m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi. Makamaka, makoma a mitsempha yamagazi omwe awonongeka, kutupa, kapena akukonzedwa ndi omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi calcium iyi.

Njirayi ingayambe msanga ngati muli ndi zaka 20 , koma dokotala amaiona yokha ikakwana kuti iwonekere pa mayeso ojambulira zithunzi . Ndipo, anthu ambiri azaka za m'ma 20 ndi 30 sachita mayesowa nthawi zonse.

Ma calcium deposits amayamba ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri (0.5µm - micrometers). Pakapita nthawi, mafuta akamasonkhana, ma calcium deposits amenewa amatha kukula kuposa mamilimita atatu. Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti ma calcium deposits ang'onoang'ono awa (microcalcification) omwe ali mu intimal layer ya khoma la mitsempha yamagazi amayamba ndi kufa kwa maselo osalala a minofu.

Kodi mumapeza bwanji izi? Ndi mayeso amtundu wanji omwe amachitidwa?

Pali mayeso apadera ojambulira zithunzi omwe amatha kuzindikira vutoli (Coronary Atherosclerosis), kutanthauza kuti, mafuta omwe ali m'mitsempha yamagazi, asanafike poipa kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa izi chofunikira kwambiri ndi (Computed Tomography - CT) scan, kapena (Multidetector Computed Tomography - MDCT) .

Kujambula kwa mtima kwa CT kungawonetse bwino kuchuluka kwa calcium m'mitsempha yanu ya mtima. Izi zimatchedwa mayeso a mtima a calcium (CAC) . Makamaka amayang'ana:

• Kodi calcium imasungidwa bwanji m'thupi?
• Kodi kuchuluka kwa ma depositi amenewo ndi kotani?
• Kodi ndi zazikulu bwanji?

Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, dokotala wanu amawerengera mtengo wotchedwa Agatston score . Chiwerengerochi chikhoza kuyambira 0 mpaka 400 kapena kupitirira apo. Chiwerengerocho chikakhala chachikulu, chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko chimakula kwambiri m'zaka 10 zikubwerazi.

Madokotala apeza kuti mayeso awa (CAC) amatha kulosera molondola za ngozi ya mtima ndi matenda amtsogolo. Komabe, mungafunike kulipira mayesowa kuchokera m'thumba mwanu.

Kodi chigoli cha CAC (Agatston Score) chimatanthauza chiyani?

Umu ndi momwe zizindikiro zimenezo nthawi zambiri zimatanthauziridwa:

• Chiwerengero 0: Palibe vuto la matenda.
• Chigoli 1 mpaka 99: Matenda ofatsa.
• Zigoli kuyambira 100 mpaka 399: Kuchuluka kwa matenda.
• Zigoli zoposa 400: Matenda oopsa.

Kuwonjezera pa mayeso awa (CAC), palinso mayeso ena osalowa m'thupi omwe amafufuza kuchuluka kwa calcium m'mitsempha yanu ya mtima:

• Kuyeza kwa Mitsempha ya Mtima (IVUS): Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha ultrasound chokhala ndi katheta (chubu chopyapyala) chomwe chimamangiriridwa kumapeto kuti chiyang'ane mkati mwa mitsempha. Zotsatira zake zimayesedwa kuyambira Gulu Loyamba mpaka Gulu Lachinayi, ndipo Gulu Lachinayi limasonyeza kuchuluka kwa calcium komwe kumayikidwa kwambiri.
• Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IVOCT): Izi zimasonyeza kuchuluka kwa calcium yomwe imayikidwa mu mitsempha yanu komanso kuchuluka kwake. Zimagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwapafupi ndi infrared kuti zipange zithunzi za mkati mwa mitsempha.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Madokotala alibe chithandizo chokhazikika cha calcification ya mitsempha ya mtima. Komabe, pazochitika zazikulu, madokotala ena akugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chatsopano chotchedwa intravascular lithotripsy . Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa chipangizo kudzera mu catheter kupita mu mitsempha ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito kupereka mafunde opanikizika kuti aswe calcium yomwe ili mu khoma la mitsempha. Kenako stent ikhoza kuyikidwa kuti mitsempha ikhale yotseguka.

Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza kuyenda kwa magazi m'mitsempha ndi awa:

• Kuchotsa atherectomy yozungulira, yozungulira kapena ya laser: Izi zimaphatikizapo kudula ndikuchotsa mafuta omwe ali mkati mwa mitsempha.
• Kudula, kugoletsa kapena angioplasty ya baluni yothamanga kwambiri: Izi zimaphatikizapo kupopera baluni kuti ikankhire mafuta ndi calcium m'makoma a mitsempha.

Kodi mavuto angachitike panthawi ya chithandizo?

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chithandizo chilichonse chamankhwala, mavuto ena amatha kuchitika ndi chithandizochi.

Mavuto a Intravascular Lithotripsy:

• Arrhythmia ( kugunda kwa mtima kosazolowereka)
• Aneurysm ( kutupa kapena kufooka kwa mtsempha wamagazi)
• Mavuto otuluka magazi
• Stroke
• Imfa (yosowa kwambiri)

Mavuto a Rotational Atherectomy:

• Kuduladula kwa mtsempha wamagazi
• Matenda amtima
• Imfa (yosowa kwambiri)
• Kupatsirana kwa Mitsempha ya Coronary Emergency Bypass (CABG)

Mavuto a Coronary Angioplasty:

• Matenda amtima
• Stroke
• Kusakhazikika kwa mtima (arrhythmia)
• Kutuluka magazi
• Magazi amaundana

Mavuto amenewa sachitika kwa aliyense, koma ndikofunikira kuwadziwa. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani zoopsazi akakupatsani chithandizo.

Kodi ndingachepetse bwanji chiopsezochi?

Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndikuwongolera mavuto omwe amawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, samalani bwino.
• Ngati mulingo wa cholesterol m'magazi anu ndi wokwera kwambiri, chepetsani.
• Ngati muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi , chepetsani kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda a impso , pezani chithandizo choyenera.

Kuwonjezera pa zinthu izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira moyo wathanzi.

Kodi chingachitike n’chiyani ndikakhala ndi vutoli? Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a Coronary Artery Calcification, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Coronary Artery Disease ndi Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) .

Komabe, pankhani ya kupambana kwa njira zochiritsira, Intravascular Lithotripsy yakhala ikugwira ntchito bwino pa milandu yoposa 92%. Mofananamo, Rotational Atherectomy yawonetsanso kupambana kwa 90%.

Komabe, kuchuluka kwa calcium m'mitsempha kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa chithandizo monga balloon angioplasty . Zingakhalenso zovuta kuyika stent bwino mkati mwa mtsempha.

Kodi ndingathe bwanji kudzisamalira ndekha? Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani?

Ngati muli ndi vuto la mtima, ndikofunikira kutsatira moyo wathanzi. Izi zikutanthauza:

• Idyani zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri (chepetsani mafuta, zakudya zokazinga, ndi zakudya zofulumira momwe mungathere).
• Siyani kugwiritsa ntchito fodya (ndudu, beedis, ndi zina zotero) kotheratu.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse (monga kuyenda kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 patsiku).
• Sungani kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi cholesterol m'magazi mwanu moyenera (imwani mankhwala monga momwe dokotala wanu walangizira ndipo samalani zakudya zanu).

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso/kapena kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti matendawo akuyendetsedwa bwino.Ngati mukufuna dongosolo lothandizira thanzi lanu la mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, ndi bwino kukumana ndi dokotala kuti mukambirane za vutoli.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kuchipatala mwachangu liti (ETU) ?

Ngati mukumva zizindikiro za matenda a mtima, monga kupweteka pachifuwa kwambiri, nseru ndi kusanza, komanso kupuma movutikira , imbani 911 nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani kuchipatala chapafupi . Nthawi ikhoza kukhala kusiyana pakati pa moyo ndi imfa panthawi ngati iyi.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, ndi bwino kufunsa mafunso awa:

• Kodi ndiyenera kuyezetsa magazi kuti ndione ngati pali calcification ya mitsempha ya mtima?
• Kodi vuto langa ndi lalikulu bwanji (Coronary Artery Calcification)?
• Kodi mumalimbikitsa chithandizo chanji pa vuto langa?
• Kodi zoopsa ndi ubwino wa chithandizochi ndi ziti?
• Ndi kusintha kotani komwe ndiyenera kusintha pa moyo wanga?

Tiyeni tikumbukire mwachidule (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kudziwa ngati muli ndi calcium m'mitsempha yanu ya mtima ndikofunikira kuti dokotala wanu apange dongosolo lokuthandizani. Mungafunike chithandizo chochotsa calcium m'mitsempha yanu, kapena mungafunike kungophatikiza zizolowezi zina zabwino pa moyo wanu. Ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe mavuto a mtima, kudya zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kupewa fodya kungakuthandizeni kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Kumbukirani, mtima wathanzi ndiye chinsinsi cha moyo wathanzi!

` Calcium m'mitsempha ya mtima, calcium m'mitsempha ya mtima, matenda a mtima, cholesterol, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima, atherosclerosis