Kodi mudamvapo za bowa lomwe limalowa m'thupi mwanu mozemba? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Cryptococcosis!

Kodi mudamvapo za matenda otchedwa Cryptococcosis? Dzinalo lingamveke lachilendo pang'ono, komanso loopsa pang'ono. Koma musadandaule. Ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa. Tonsefe timakumana ndi zinthu zambiri m'malo mwathu, komanso bowa awa. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za matenda awa otchedwa Cryptococcosis m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Cryptococcosis ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, cryptococcosis ndi pamene mtundu wa bowa wotchedwa Cryptococcus umalowa m'thupi lanu ndikuyambitsa matenda, makamaka muubongo kapena m'mapapo mwanu. Nthawi zina imatha kufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi, zomwe timazitcha kuti disseminated cryptococcosis .

Tangoganizirani, ngati bowa wa Cryptococcus uwu walowa muubongo wanu, vutoli limatchedwa cryptococcal meningitis . Kenako mutha kupeza zinthu monga malungo, mutu waukulu, ndi kupweteka kwa khosi. Komanso, ngati zimakhudza mapapu anu, limatchedwa cryptococcal pneumonia kapena pulmonary cryptococcosis . Kenako mutha kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga kutsokomola ndi kuvutika kupuma.

Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa wa Cryptococcus.

• Cryptococcus neoformans: Mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, omwe thupi lawo silingathe kulimbana ndi matenda ndi omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matendawa.
• Cryptococcus gattii: Koma mtundu uwu ungakudwalitseni ngakhale chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chitakhala champhamvu.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti? Kodi mungazindikire bwanji?

Zizindikiro za cryptococcosis zimadalira komwe bowa limafalikira m'thupi lanu. Ngati zimakhudza mapapo, mutha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chibayo, ndipo ngati zimakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha (ubongo ndi msana), mutha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi meningitis. Mu cryptococcosis yofalikira, zizindikiro zimatha kuwonekera m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi.

Zizindikiro za matenda a m'mapapo (Cryptococcal pneumonia):

• Chifuwa
• Kuvuta kupuma, kumva ngati ukupuma movutikira
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Malungo

Zizindikiro za matenda a Cryptococcal Meningitis (matenda a Cryptococcal Meningitis):

• Malungo
• Mutu waukulu
• Kupweteka kapena kuuma kwa khosi (komwe sikungathe kuyika chibwano chanu pachifuwa chanu)
• Kusanza
• Kusanza
• Kumva kukhudza kuwala (kuvutika kuona kuwala kowala)

Zizindikiro za cryptococcosis yofalikira ndi izi:

Ngati mwadwala matenda a cryptococcosis, mungaone kusintha kwa khungu kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro zokhudza mapapo kapena dongosolo la mitsempha. Mwachitsanzo:

• Zigamba zolimba kapena zokhuthala (ma plaque)
• Ziphuphu
• Zilonda
• Mabampu
• Matuza

Nchifukwa chiyani Cryptococcosis imachitika?

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matendawa ndi mitundu iwiri ya bowa , Cryptococcus gattii (C. gattii) ndi Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) . Bowa awa amakhala m'malo ozungulira - makamaka m'nthaka, m'makungwa a mitengo, ndi m'zitosi za mbalame, makamaka zitosi za nkhunda.

Tangoganizani, nthawi zina tikamagwira ntchito m'malo afumbi, pafupi ndi nyumba zakale, kapena m'minda, tizilombo toyambitsa bowa tingalowe m'thupi lathu.

Bowa awa, `C. gattii` ndi `C. neoformans`, amapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. `C. gattii` imapezeka makamaka ku Australia, British Columbia, Canada, Pacific Northwest of the United States, ndi Southeast Asia.

Kodi mumapeza bwanji izi?

Cryptococcosis imayamba chifukwa chopuma mpweya wa bowa wotchedwa Cryptococcus. Izi sizioneka ndi maso, ndipo zingakhale zovuta kuzipewa ngati mukukhala kudera lomwe bowa uwu ndi wofala.

Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti anthu ambiri amene amapuma bowa limeneli samakhala ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Koma kwa anthu ena, bowa limayamba kukula m’mapapo mwawo, kapena limayenda m’thupi lonse kupita ku ubongo n’kuwapangitsa kudwala. Nthawi zina bowa limatha kukhala m’mapapo mwanu kwa nthawi yaitali, koma limakula ndi kuyambitsa zizindikiro pamene chitetezo cha m’thupi lanu chafooka pazifukwa zina (monga, chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena mankhwala omwe mukumwa).

Kodi izi zimapatsirana kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina?

Ayi. Cryptococcosis si matenda omwe angapatsiridwe kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Simungawatenge kuchokera kwa munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga izi?

Monga tafotokozera kale, mtundu wa C. neoformans nthawi zambiri umayambitsa matenda mwa anthu omwe chitetezo chamthupi chawo chili pansi. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Anthu omwe ali ndi HIV/AIDS .
• Anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya khansa, mwachitsanzo ma lymphoma ndi leukemia .
• Anthu omwe adasamutsidwapo maselo oyambira, ziwalo, kapena mafupa.
• Mlingo waukulu wa corticosteroids kwa nthawi yayitaliAnthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amafunika kumwa mankhwala (monga matenda ena osatha a m'mapapo, matenda a autoimmune).

Komabe, mtundu wa `C. gattii` ukhoza kuyambitsa matenda mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chathanzi komanso omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Cryptococcosis, makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda muubongo wanu, ingayambitse mavuto aakulu . Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mutu: Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi ozungulira ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ubongo ukhale wopanikizika kwambiri. Ngati sichinalandire chithandizo choyenera, chikhoza kuwononga ubongo.
• Kutayika pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa masomphenya.
• Matenda a maso kapena matenda otupa.
• Kufooka kwa minofu yomwe imalamulira maso ( extraocular muscle paresis ).
• Kubwereranso: Nthawi zina, zizindikiro za cryptococcosis zimatha kubwerera pambuyo pa chithandizo.
• Matenda Oyambitsa Matenda a Mthupi (IRIS): IRIS ndi matenda omwe chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimachita zinthu mopitirira muyeso mutalandira chithandizo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikiro zake zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, koma amathanso kuchitika kwa anthu omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV.

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola?

Madokotala amazindikira matenda a cryptococcosis pofufuza minofu yanu kapena madzi amthupi lanu kuti awone zizindikiro za bowa wa Cryptococcus. Angayese zotsatirazi:

• Magazi anu.
• Madzi a m'mitsempha ya ubongo (CSF ). Izi zimapezeka potenga chitsanzo cha madzi ochokera ku msana (kupunthwa kwa lumbar).
• Mafinya (mphuno yomwe imatuluka m'mapapo ndi chifuwa).

Kuwonjezera pa mayeso amenewa, zizindikiro zanu, mbiri ya zachipatala, mbiri ya maulendo anu, ndi mayeso ojambulira zithunzi zingathandizenso kupeza matenda. Kutengera ndi zizindikiro zanu, mungafunikenso ma X-ray pachifuwa , ma CT scan (ma scan opangidwa ndi kompyuta) , kapena ma MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) kuti muwone kusintha kwa mapapo anu kapena ubongo.

Kodi izi zimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pochiza matenda a cryptococcosis.Chithandizo chenicheni chomwe mungalandire chidzadalira komwe bowa wa Cryptococcus uli m'thupi lanu komanso thanzi la chitetezo chanu chamthupi. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene ali ndi vuto la cryptococcosis m'mapapo angafunike mankhwala amodzi okha ophera bowa. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri kapena cryptococcal meningitis angafunike chithandizo champhamvu kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kumwa mankhwala angapo ophera bowa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mankhwala ndi mankhwala enaake omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Cryptococcosis:

• Fluconazole
• Amphotericin B (AmB)
• Flucytosine
• Corticosteroids (izi zimaperekedwa kuti zithetse matenda monga kutupa kwa ubongo)
• Opaleshoni yochotsa zotupa zazikulu za bowa (cryptococcomas).
• Kuboola lumbar kapena ma shunts (machubu apadera) ochiritsira kuti achepetse kupanikizika kwa ubongo.

Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani ngati mutadwala matendawa?

Kutengera komwe mwatenga kachilomboka komanso momwe mukudwala, dokotala wanu angafunike kukupatsani mankhwala opha majeremusi kwa milungu kapena miyezi kuti muchotse matenda a cryptococcosis. Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, dokotala wanu angafunikenso kusintha mankhwala anu ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilomboka . Ngati muli ndi vuto lina lomwe limafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu, kuchiza vuto lomwe likuyambitsa matendawa kungakuthandizeni kulimbana ndi matenda a cryptococcosis.

Kodi izi zingathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu?

Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chathanzi nthawi zambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera bowa. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka angavutike kuwachiritsa. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zanu zingabwererenso mutalandira chithandizo.

Kodi chiopsezo cha imfa chifukwa cha izi n'chiyani?

Chiŵerengero cha imfa cha odwala matenda a cryptococcosis omwe amachiritsidwa ku North America (kuphatikizapo United States ndi Canada) chikuyerekeza kuti ndi pafupifupi 20% . Komabe, m'madera ena a ku Africa, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kufika pa 70% . Kutengera komwe mukukhala padziko lapansi, ntchito zaumoyo zomwe mumalandira zimakhudza kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe ali m'madera osauka padziko lapansi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chofa ndi matenda ambiri. Izi ndi zomvetsa chisoni.

Kodi ndingadziteteze bwanji ku izi? Kodi n'zotheka?

Ngati mukukhala m'dera lomwe Cryptococcus ili kwambiri, zingakhale zovuta kupewa kuitulutsa. Komabe, ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala Cryptococcus, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni izi:

• Kuyezetsa matenda: Musanayambe kulandira chithandizo cha HIV, dokotala angakuyezeni ngati muli ndi ma Cryptococcus antigens (mbali zina za bowa) ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro za cryptococcosis. Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu zili zabwino, angakupatseni chithandizo cha cryptococcosis kuti mupewe kudwala bowa lomwe lili kale m'thupi lanu.
• Chitetezo: Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha cryptococcosis, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala opha majeremusi. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa kudwala ngati mutapezeka ndi Cryptococcus.

Kodi ndingasamalire bwanji thanzi langa?

Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndikupeza chithandizo choyenera cha matenda aliwonse omwe angafooketse chitetezo chanu cha mthupi. Pitirizani kukaonana ndi madokotala nthawi zonse. Afunseni momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro za matenda. Kambiranani nawo za njira zopewera matenda komanso zomwe mungachite ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi vuto lomwe limafooketsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi, monga kachilombo ka HIV, funsani dokotala wanu momwe mungapewere matenda. Ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chafooka ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro za cryptococcosis kapena matenda ena aliwonse, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku Chipinda Chothandizira Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda aakulu, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga. Zizindikiro izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Malungo aakulu (oposa madigiri 103 Fahrenheit/40 madigiri Celsius).
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kusintha kwa masomphenya.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa.
• Kusintha kwa mtundu wa buluu wa khungu, milomo, kapena misomali.
• Chisokonezo.
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu.

Chofunika: Ngati chitetezo chamthupi chanu chili chofooka, funsani dokotala wanu zizindikiro zomwe muyenera kupita kuchipatala chadzidzidzi. Mungafunike chithandizo chadzidzidzi mwachangu, ngakhale zizindikiro zanu zili zochepa poyerekeza ndi zomwe zalembedwa pano.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Zingakhale zothandiza kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa:

• Kodi matendawa ndi oopsa bwanji?
• Kodi ndiyenera kumwa mankhwala anga bwanji?
• Kodi ndiyenera kulandira chithandizo kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti ndipewe matenda mtsogolo?

Uthenga wofunika kwambiri woti upite nawo kunyumba

Cryptococcosis ndi matenda a bowa omwe angakhale oopsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka. Komabe, ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu, dokotala wanu angafune kukuyesani ndikukupatsani mankhwala oletsa. Ndipo chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa chithandizo, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV tsopano ali pachiwopsezo chochepa chotenga matenda oopsa. Pogwira ntchito ndi dokotala wanu, mutha kupanga dongosolo loti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino momwe mungathere. Chifukwa chake, musachite mantha, ndipo musaiwale kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala ngati muli ndi nkhawa.

Cryptococcosis , matenda a bowa, malungo a muubongo, matenda a m'mapapo, chitetezo chamthupi, HIV, ma fungicides