Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, mukudziwa kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe muyenera kuwasamalira. Pali zinthu zambiri zoti muchite, monga kulamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu, kusamalira zakudya zanu, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pakati pa zonsezi, nthawi zina timaiwala za maso athu. Koma chimodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu omwe angachitike chifukwa cha matenda a shuga ndi kutayika kwa maso. Pakati pawo, vuto lofala kwambiri komanso lomwe lingayambitse masomphenya ndi Diabetic Macular Edema, kapena DME mwachidule. Kumva dzinali kungakhale koopsa pang'ono. Koma musadandaule. Ngati mwadziwitsidwa bwino za izi ndikupeza chithandizo panthawi yoyenera, mutha kuteteza maso anu amtengo wapatali.
Mwachidule, kodi matenda a shuga otchedwa Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) ndi chiyani?
Chabwino, tiyeni tinene motere. Kumbuyo kwa diso lanu, pali malo osavuta kwambiri omwe amagwira ntchito ngati filimu mu kamera. Timatcha retina . Zithunzi zomwe timawona zimajambulidwa pa retina iyi. Mukakhala ndi matenda a shuga, makamaka ngati shuga m'magazi mwanu simunayang'aniridwe kwa nthawi yayitali, mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi mkati mwa diso lanu imayamba kuwonongeka. Monga chitoliro chakale chamadzi, mitsempha iyi yamagazi imakhala yofooka ndikuyamba kutulutsa magazi ndi madzi. Timatcha vutoli Diabetic Retinopathy .
Tsopano, pamene madzi otuluka awa akuunjikana mu retina, amayamba kutupa. Pali gawo lofunika kwambiri la retina lomwe limatithandiza kuwona bwino, pakati pomwe, lotchedwa macula . Madzi otulukawo akaunjikana mu macula ndipo amatupa, ndicho chomwe timachitcha kuti Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) . Pamene macula itupa, imakhudza mwachindunji maso athu akuthwa komanso omveka bwino.
Kodi muli ndi zizindikiro ngati izi?
Vuto limodzi ndi DME ndilakuti nthawi zina siliwonetsa zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro. Koma pamene vutoli likupitirira, mungazindikire zinthu monga:
- Kuona molakwika: Mukamawerenga buku, mukuonera TV, kapena mukuyang'ana nkhope ya munthu wina, pakati pa chithunzicho pamakhala polakwika komanso posadziwika bwino.
- Zithunzi zimaoneka zotambasuka kapena zozungulira: Ngakhale mzere wowongoka ungaoneke wotambasuka ngati mafunde.
- Mitundu yotha: Mitundu ikuoneka kuti yataya kuwala ndi kumveka bwino, ikuoneka ngati "yachotsedwa."
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, musazengereze . Pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga. Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuti mupimidwe maso kamodzi pachaka , ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro zilizonse.
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji DME?
Mukapita kwa dokotala, choyamba adzakufunsani mafunso angapo kenako adzakuyesani maso.
Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala
- Kodi mwaona kusintha kulikonse m'masomphenya anu posachedwapa?
- Kodi mwakhala mukudwala matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji? Kodi pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene ali nawo?
- Kodi shuga m'magazi mwanu ndi kuchuluka kwa A1c zili bwanji?
- Kodi muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena cholesterol yokwera?
- Kodi pali matenda ena aliwonse?
Pambuyo pake, mayesowa amachitika makamaka panthawi yoyezetsa maso.
| Dzina la mayeso | Mwachidule, mumatani ndi izi? |
|---|---|
| Mayeso a Kuwona Bwino | Iyi ndi njira yoyesera masomphenya yowerengera yomwe tonse timaidziwa. Imayesa momwe mungawonere bwino patali zosiyanasiyana. |
| Kuyezetsa Maso Otambasuka | Dokotala adzaika madontho m'diso lanu kuti akulitse dzenje lakuda m'diso lanu. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera, adzayang'ana mkati mwa diso lanu kuti awone momwe retina yanu ilili, ngati pali madzi akutuluka m'mitsempha yamagazi, komanso ngati pali kutupa kulikonse. |
| Fluorescein Angiogram (FA) | Iyi ndi njira yapadera yoyesera. Utoto wapadera umalowetsedwa mu mtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu. Pamene utotowo ukuyenda m'mitsempha yamagazi mkati mwa diso lanu, kamera yapadera imajambula zithunzi. Izi zingathandize kuzindikira komwe mitsempha yamagazi ikutuluka. |
| Chithunzi cha Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) | Izi zili ngati kujambula mkati mwa diso. Kamera yapadera imajambula chithunzi cha gawo la retina. Izi zimatha kuyeza molondola kuchuluka kwa kutupa komwe kuli mu macula ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe asonkhana. |
Pambuyo pa mayeso awa, dokotala adzadziwa ngati muli ndi DME komanso momwe ilili yoopsa.
Kodi mankhwala a DME ndi ati?
Mwamwayi, tsopano pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a DME. Dokotala wanu adzakulangizani chithandizo choyenera kwambiri kutengera vuto lanu.1. Jakisoni Woletsa Kudya kwa Veg
Uwu ndiye mankhwala akuluakulu komanso othandiza kwambiri omwe alipo pakadali pano. VEGF ndi puloteni yomwe imathandiza mitsempha yatsopano komanso yofooka kupanga mkati mwa maso athu. Jakisoni iyi imaletsa puloteni ya VEGF. Izi zimaletsa mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi kupanga komanso madzi ochokera m'mitsempha yomwe ilipo kutuluka. Jakisoni iyi imalowetsedwa mwachindunji m'diso. Ngakhale kuti ingamveke yowopsa pang'ono, imachititsa dzanzi diso kuti lisapweteke kwambiri. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi awa:
- Aflibercept (Eylea)
- Bevacizumab (Avastin)
- Ranibizumab (Lucentis)
- Faricimab-svoa (Vabysmo) - Iyi ndi mankhwala atsopano omwe amaletsa mapuloteni onse a VEGF ndi Ang-2.
2. Chithandizo cha laser (Laser Photocoagulation)
Ngati vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ma laser amagwiritsidwa ntchito "kutseka" kapena kutentha mitsempha yamagazi yomwe ikutuluka. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa kutupa. Mungafunike chithandizo chamankhwala angapo.
3. Mankhwala ena
Nthawi zina, jakisoni wa steroid amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komanso, ngati madzi omwe ali mkati mwa diso (vitreous humor) akutuluka magazi ndipo akupangitsa kuti maso asaoneke bwino, opaleshoni yotchedwa vitrectomy imachitika kuti ichotse madziwo ndikuyikanso mankhwala omveka bwino.
Zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti mudzisamalire nokha
Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu akukupatsani, palinso zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite nokha. Kuchita zinthuzi moyenera kungathandize kupewa vutoli kuti lisakule kwambiri.
- Wongolerani matenda anu a shuga: Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Sungani shuga m'magazi mwanu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi cholesterol pamlingo woyenera womwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani. Imwani mankhwala omwe mwapatsidwa monga momwe mwalangizidwira.
- Moyo Wathanzi: Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi, chepetsani thupi lanu, ndipo chita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi ndipo pangani dongosolo lomwe lingakuyendereni bwino.
- Musazengereze kukayezetsa maso: Musazengereze kukayezetsa maso anu chifukwa mukuganiza kuti palibe vuto. Dokotala wanu adzafuna kukuonani nthawi zonse kuti aone momwe chithandizo chanu chikugwirira ntchito komanso kuti aone ngati pali mavuto ena aliwonse.
- Ganizirani za thanzi lanu la maganizo: N'zachibadwa kumva chisoni komanso kuda nkhawa mukakhala ndi vuto la masomphenya. Kambiranani za momwe mukumvera ndi banja lanu, mnzanu wodalirika, kapena dokotala wanu. Funsani thandizo kwa mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo ngati pakufunika kutero.
Kumbukirani, DME ndi vuto losunga maso ngati lapezeka msanga ndikuchiritsidwa bwino. Choncho musachite mantha, limbani nalo molimba mtima.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, kusunga shuga m'magazi mwanu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi anu ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera maso anu.
- Ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro zilizonse, onetsetsani kuti mwapita kukayezetsa maso anu (dilated eye exam) kamodzi pachaka.
- Ngati mukuona zizindikiro monga kusawona bwino, zithunzi zolakwika, kapena mitundu yozimiririka, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Pali njira zothandiza kwambiri zochizira DME (jakisoni wa anti-VEGF, lasers). Chithandizo chikayamba msanga, mwayi wosunga masomphenya umakhala waukulu.
- Simuli nokha paulendowu. Pezani thandizo kuchokera kwa dokotala wanu, banja lanu, ndi anzanu.
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