Kodi mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro izi? Tiyeni tikambirane za Down Syndrome

Kodi munayamba mwaonapo kuti makanda ena amachita zinthu mosiyana pang'ono ndi ena, ndipo maonekedwe awo ndi osiyana pang'ono? Mwina munaganizapo chimodzimodzi za mwana wanu. Nthawi ngati zimenezi, funso limodzi lomwe limabwera m'maganizo mwathu ndi lakuti, "Ichi ndi chiyani?" Lero tikambirana za vuto lomwe limafuna chisamaliro chapadera, ndipo ndi Down Syndrome. Musadandaule, tikambirana izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Down Syndrome ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Down Syndrome ndi matenda a majini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, amayamba chifukwa cha chromosome yowonjezera m'thupi la mwana akamabadwa. Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti ma chromosome amenewa ndi chiyani. Mkati mwa maselo ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lathu, muli zinthu zomwe zimaoneka ngati timipira tating'ono ta ulusi. Ndicho chimene timatcha ma chromosome. Izi ndi zomwe zimatiuza zambiri zokhudza mawonekedwe athu, kutalika, mtundu, ndi luso lathu.

Kawirikawiri, tonsefe tili ndi ma chromosome 23 awiriawiri mu selo iliyonse. Ndi ma chromosome 46 onse. Komabe, mwana yemwe ali ndi Down syndrome amakhala ndi kopi yowonjezera ya chromosome 21, kutanthauza imodzi ina. Kenako chiwerengero chonse cha ma chromosome m'maselo ake chimakhala 47. Chifukwa cha chromosome yowonjezera iyi, ubongo ndi thupi la mwana zimasintha pang'ono.

Ndani angadwale Down Syndrome?

Matenda a Down syndrome angakhudze aliyense. Ndi majini ndipo samayamba chifukwa cha chilichonse chimene mayi kapena bambo amachita asanayambe kapena ali ndi pakati. Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika mwangozi, kutanthauza kuti zimachitika zokha. Nthawi zambiri zimapatsirana kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo pamene dzira ndi umuna zimakumana.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Down Syndrome?

Izi zikufufuzidwabe. Komabe, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi mwana wokhala ndi Down syndrome chingachuluke pang'ono pamene mayi akukalamba . Amayi opitirira zaka 35 ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi mwana wokhala ndi Down syndrome kapena matenda ena a majini.

Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti amayi aang'ono sakhala ndi vutoli. Popeza kuchuluka kwa kubereka kumakhala kwakukulu kwa amayi osakwana zaka 35, ana ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amabadwira kwa amayi osakwana zaka 35. Chifukwa chake, zaka sizomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.

Kodi Down Syndrome ndi yofala bwanji?

Poyerekeza ndi mayiko monga United States, Down Syndrome ndi vuto lofala kwambiri la ma chromosome. Ana pafupifupi 6,000 amabadwa ndi vutoli chaka chilichonse kumeneko. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi mwana m'modzi mwa ana 700 aliwonse obadwa akhoza kukhala ndi vutoli. Palinso ana omwe ali ndi vutoli ku Sri Lanka, kotero ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za mwana yemwe ali ndi Down syndrome ndi ziti?

Matenda a Down syndrome angayambitse zizindikiro zakuthupi, zamaganizo, komanso za khalidwe. Komabe, si mwana aliyense amene ali ndi zizindikiro zonsezi, ndipo mtundu wa zizindikirozo umasiyana malinga ndi mwana.

Makhalidwe akuthupi (kusintha kwa mawonekedwe)

Zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimaonekera pobadwa, ndipo zimatha kuonekera kwambiri pamene mwana akukula.

• Mlatho wa Nahe ndi wathyathyathya pang'ono .
• Maso akuoneka ngati akuyang'ana mmwamba .
• Khosi ndi lalifupi pang'ono .
• Makutu, manja, ndi mapazi kukhala ang'onoang'ono kuposa masiku onse .
• Kukhala ndi minofu yofooka (kufooka) pobadwa.
• Chala chaching'ono cha dzanja chimapendekeka mkati (ku chala chachikulu) .
• Kupezeka kwa mzere umodzi wozama pa kanjedza (chikhatho cha kanjedza).
• Kukhala pansi pa kutalika kwapakati .

Pamene mwana wanu akukula, zizindikiro zina zingawonekere chifukwa cha momwe thupi lake linakulira m'mimba. Mwachitsanzo:

• Matenda a m'makutu kapena kutayika kwa kumva.
• Mavuto a maso kapena matenda a maso .
• Mavuto a mano .
• Chizolowezi chodwala matenda kapena matenda pafupipafupi.
• Kulephera kupuma mokwanira, komwe kumachititsa kuti kupuma kusiye kugwira ntchito panthawi yogona.
• Matenda a mtima obadwa nawo .

Dokotala wanu nthawi zonse amafufuza matenda ngati amenewa.

Makhalidwe anzeru ndi chitukuko

Mwana wanu amene ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto ena okhudzana ndi kukula kwa nzeru chifukwa cha chromosome yowonjezera. Izi zingayambitse kulumala kwa nzeru kapena kukula . Mwana wanu sangathe kuchita zinthu zomwe ayenera kuchita pazaka zina, kutanthauza kuti, sangafike pamlingo wofanana ndi ana ena. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kuyenda ndi kuyenda (luso lalikulu komanso labwino la kuyenda).
• Kulankhula (luso lokulitsa chilankhulo).
• Kuphunzira (luso la kuzindikira).
• Kusewera (luso la chikhalidwe ndi malingaliro).

Pachifukwa ichi, zingatenge nthawi yayitali kuti mwana wanu achite zinthu izi:

• Kuphunzitsa chimbudzi.
• Kulankhula mawu oyamba.
• Kutenga sitepe yoyamba.
• Kudya wekha.

Taganizirani izi, ana ena amayenda ali ndi chaka chimodzi, ena ali ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome sangayambe kuyenda mpaka atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri. Ichi ndi gawo lachilengedwe la kukula kwawo.

Makhalidwe abwino

Mwana amene ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome akhoza kukhala ndi makhalidwe enaake. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti sangathe kufotokoza zosowa zake momveka bwino kwa inu kapena kwa osamalira ake. Mutha kuona makhalidwe awa:

• Kuuma mtima ndi kukwiya msanga .
• Kuvuta kuyika chidwi .
• Makhalidwe okakamiza kapena okonda zinthu mopitirira muyeso ndi chizolowezi chokonda zinthu zinazake kapena kubwerezabwereza zinthu zomwezo .

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a Down Syndrome?

Monga tanenera kale, chifukwa chachikulu cha Down syndrome ndi kukhalapo kwa chromosome yowonjezera . Makamaka, imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa momwe maselo amagawikira pa chromosome 21. Aliyense amene ali ndi Down syndrome ali ndi chromosome yowonjezera 21 m'maselo ena kapena onse.

Pali mitundu itatu ya Down syndrome, iliyonse ili ndi zifukwa zosiyana.

• Trisomy 21 `(Trisomy 21)`
• Kusamutsa
• Uzimu

Kodi Trisomy 21 ndi chiyani?

Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa Down Syndrome. "Trisomy" amatanthauza kukhala ndi kopi yowonjezera ya chromosome. Mu Trisomy 21, selo lililonse m'mwana wosabadwayo limakhala ndi makope atatu a chromosome 21. Nthawi zambiri, pali awiri okha. Mtundu uwu umayimira 95% ya anthu omwe ali ndi Down Syndrome.

Kodi matenda a Translocation Down ndi chiyani?

Mu mtundu uwu, chromosome yonse kapena gawo lake lonse 21 imalumikizidwa ku chromosome ina. Mosiyana ndi trisomy 21, pomwe m'malo mokhala ndi kopi yowonjezera ya chromosome 21 yokha, imalumikizidwa ku chromosome ya nambala yosiyana. Mtundu uwu umapezeka mwa anthu osakwana 4% omwe ali ndi Down syndrome.

Kodi Mosaic Down syndrome ndi chiyani?

Uwu ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri wa Down Syndrome. Umapezeka m'magawo ochepera 1% a milandu yonse. "Mosaicism" imatanthauza kuti maselo ena ali ndi ma chromosome 46 abwinobwino, pomwe ena ali ndi ma chromosome 47 (kuphatikiza chromosome yowonjezera 21). Imawoneka ngati mosaic yopangidwa ndi miyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndicho chifukwa chake imatchedwa mosaic.

Kodi Down Syndrome ingadziwike bwanji mwana asanabadwe?

Mayeso ena omwe amachitika panthawi ya mimba angapangitse madokotala kukayikira za Down syndrome. Mayeso ena angatsimikizirenso vutoli.

Mayeso oyezetsa mwana asanabadwe

Mayeso awa amangoyang'ana ngati mwana wanu ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi Down syndrome. Sangatsimikizire .Izi zingaphatikizepo kuyezetsa magazi kapena kujambulidwa ndi ultrasound kwa mayi. Pa nthawi yojambula, dokotala amafufuza zizindikiro za madzi ochulukirapo kumbuyo kwa khosi la mwana. Nthawi zina, ngakhale mayeso oyambirirawa ali abwinobwino, mwana akhoza kukhala ndi Down syndrome.

Mayeso ozindikira matenda panthawi ya mimba

Mayeso amenewa angatsimikizire Down Syndrome. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika ngati mayeso owunikira omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa akusonyeza kuti pali chiopsezo. Popeza mayesowa angayambitse chiopsezo chochepa kwa mayi ndi mwana m'mimba, dokotala amawalangiza pokhapokha ataganizira mosamala. Zitsanzo:

• Amniocentesis: Kuyeza komwe kumaphatikizapo kumwa madzi pang'ono mozungulira mwana.
• Kuyesa kwa chorionic villus (CVS): Njira yomwe chidutswa chaching'ono cha placenta chimatengedwa ndikuwunikidwa.
• Kuyesa magazi pang'ono kuchokera ku umbilical cord (PUBS): Kuyesa komwe kumaphatikizapo kutenga magazi ochepa kuchokera ku umbilical cord.

Mayeso amenewa amatha kuzindikira molondola kusintha kwa ma chromosome.

Kodi matenda a Down syndrome amapezedwa bwanji mwana akangobadwa?

Mwana akabadwa, madokotala amamufufuza mwanayo kuti adziwe zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa kale. Pofuna kutsimikizira matendawa, pali mayeso apadera omwe amatenga magazi a mwana, otchedwa karyotype test . Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha magazi a mwana ndikuyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti aone ngati mwanayo ali ndi chromosome yowonjezera ya 21.

Kodi mungatani ngati mwapeza kuti mwana wanu m'mimba ali ndi Down Syndrome?

Kudziwa kuti mwana wanu ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Koma kumbukirani kuti simuli nokha. Dokotala wanu adzakuthandizani kupeza zinthu zofunika, maupangiri, ndi magulu othandizira omwe mukufuna.

Nthawi ngati izi, zimathandiza kwambiri kupeza uphungu, kapena kulowa nawo gulu lothandizira komwe makolo ena a ana omwe ali ndi Down syndrome amakumana. Kumeneko, mutha kugawana zomwe akumana nazo, kupeza upangiri wothandiza, ndikupeza mphamvu. Zili ngati pakakhala vuto m'mudzi mwathu, aliyense amabwera pamodzi kuti akuthandizeni.

Kodi mankhwala a Down Syndrome ndi ati?

Palibe mankhwala a Down Syndrome. Komabe, pali mankhwala ndi chithandizo chambiri chomwe chikupezeka kuti chithandize mwana wanu kukula mokwanira ndikukhala ndi moyo wachimwemwe. Mankhwalawa apangidwa kuti athandize kukula kwa thupi ndi maganizo a mwana. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo:

• Kuchiza thupi kapena chithandizo cha ntchito .
• Chithandizo cha kulankhula.
• KusukuluKutenga nawo mbali mu mapulogalamu apadera a maphunziro.
• Kuchiza matenda ena omwe amayambitsa matendawa .
• Kuvala magalasi chifukwa cha mavuto a maso kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zothandizira kumva chifukwa cha mavuto a kumva.

Ndani ayenera kukhala m'gulu losamalira mwana wanga?

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome, ayenera kuonana ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino. Gululi likhoza kuphatikizapo:

• Opereka chithandizo choyamba : Samalirani kukula kwa mwana wanu, kukula kwake, katemera, ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo.
• Madokotala apadera malinga ndi zosowa za mwana: Mwachitsanzo, katswiri wa mtima, katswiri wa matenda a endocrinologist, katswiri wa majini, ndi katswiri wa otolaryngologist.
• Akatswiri olankhula : Thandizani mwana kulankhula.
• Akatswiri a zamaganizo : Limbitsani minofu ndikuwongolera luso loyenda.
• Akatswiri a zamaganizo: Kukulitsa luso lofunikira kuti mugwire ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku mosavuta.
• Akatswiri a zamaganizo: Thandizani kuthana ndi mavuto amaganizo omwe amabwera ndi Down syndrome.

Ndi matenda ena ati omwe angayambitse Down Syndrome?

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amatha kukhala ndi matenda ena omwe amapezeka pobadwa kapena kukulirakulira pakapita nthawi. Dokotala angakuthandizeni inu ndi mwana wanu kuthana ndi matendawa. Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi awa:

• Mavuto a mtima .
• Matenda a chithokomiro .
• Mavuto a m'mimba : kudzimbidwa, gastroesophageal reflux, ndi matenda a celiac.
• Autism : Mavuto okhudzana ndi luso locheza ndi anthu, kulankhulana, komanso machitidwe obwerezabwereza.
• Matenda a Alzheimer's (mukamakula).

Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi Down syndrome ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Alzheimer's?

Inde, anthu omwe ali ndi Down syndrome ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Alzheimer akamakula. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 30% ya anthu omwe ali ndi Down syndrome azaka za m'ma 50 ndi pafupifupi 50% ya anthu azaka za m'ma 60 akhoza kutenga matendawa.

Chromosome yowonjezera 21 ikunenedwa kuti ndiyo imayambitsa chiopsezo chowonjezekachi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa majini omwe ali pa chromosome 21 amapanga puloteni yotchedwa amyloid precursor protein, yomwe imayambitsa kusintha komwe kumawoneka muubongo wa odwala matenda a Alzheimer's.

Kodi Down Syndrome ingapewedwe?

Matenda a Down syndrome ndi matenda obadwa nawo m'majini, kotero sangapewedwe . Ngati mukufuna kudziwa za chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi mwana ndi vutoli, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za upangiri wa majini.

Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani ngati muli ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi Down Syndrome?

Ndi chithandizo choyenera ndi chikondi, ana omwe ali ndi Down syndrome akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wosangalala komanso wathanzi . Chithandizo ndi njira zochiritsira zingawathandize kuthana ndi mavuto akuluakulu, kuphunzira ndi ana ena a msinkhu wawo, kupanga mabwenzi, komanso kukhala ndi ntchito zabwino.

Pali magulu ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza makolo, mabanja, ndi osamalira ana.

Kodi pali mankhwala a Down Syndrome?

Ayi. Matenda a Down syndrome ndi matenda omwe munthu amakhala nawo kwa moyo wake wonse ndipo palibe mankhwala . Komabe, zizindikiro zake zimatha kuchiritsidwa, ndipo pali mankhwala a matenda ena omwe angachitike.

Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi Down Syndrome amakhala ndi moyo wautali bwanji?

Masiku ano, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amakhala ndi moyo zaka 60 kapena kuposerapo . Angafunike thandizo ndi chisamaliro pa moyo wawo wonse.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zilipo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi Down syndrome ndi mabanja awo?

Pali zinthu zambiri zothandiza anthu omwe ali ndi Down syndrome ndi mabanja awo. Mabanja ambiri amalowa m'magulu othandizira a Down syndrome kuti agawane zomwe akumana nazo ndikukambirana njira zothandizira ana awo kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wokhutiritsa.

Anthu omwe ali ndi Down Syndrome angafunike thandizo pa moyo wawo wonse. Kuwonjezera pa chithandizo, angafunikenso thandizo pazinthu monga maphunziro, ntchito, komanso kukhala paokha. Pali mabungwe osiyanasiyana omwe amapereka chidziwitso ndi mphamvu kwa anthu awa ndi mabanja awo. Pali mabungwe ndi mapulogalamu ofanana ku Sri Lanka, kotero mutha kuwayang'ana.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

• Ngati ndikukayikira kuti ndine ndi Down Syndrome, ndingakonzekere bwanji kubadwa kwa mwana wanga?
• Kodi ndingathandize bwanji mwana wanga?
• Kodi mungandipatse malangizo othandiza mabanja?
• Ndani ayenera kukhala m'gulu losamalira mwana wanga?

Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi Down Syndrome angakhale ndi ana?

Inde, anthu omwe ali ndi Down Syndrome amatha kukhala ndi ana. Pafupifupi 50% ya akazi amatha kukhala ndi ana. Amuna akhoza kukhala ndi vuto losabereka bwino. Kwa mayi yemwe ali ndi Down Syndrome, chiopsezo chopatsira matendawa kwa ana ake ndi pakati pa 35% ndi 50%.

Ndi zachilendo kumva chisoni kwambiri mukazindikira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome. Pamene mukuyesetsa kuthana ndi nkhaniyi, kumbukirani kuti simuli nokha ndipo chromosome yowonjezera ya mwana wanu ndi gawo la umunthu wake. Mutha kupeza chithandizo kuchokera kwa gulu lachipatala la mwana wanu, kapena kuchokera ku mabanja ndi magulu osamalira ana kuti mudziwe zambiri za vutoli ndikuthandiza mwana wanu kukula bwino.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Down Syndrome si chinthu choopa, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino za matendawa.

• Uwu ndi matenda a majini, si vuto la aliyense.
• Mwana aliyense ndi wosiyana, ndipo ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amakula m'njira yawoyawo.
• Akazindikira msanga komanso kulandira chithandizo ndi chithandizo chofunikira, ana awa amathanso kukhala ndi moyo wachimwemwe komanso watanthauzo.
• Simuli nokha! Pali anthu ambiri ndi zinthu zambiri zoti zikuthandizeni. Limbani ndi vutoli ndi maganizo abwino komanso chikondi .

Kumbukirani, mwana aliyense ndi mphatso yamtengo wapatali. Ngati apatsidwa chikondi, chisamaliro, ndi mwayi womwe akufunikira, akhoza kugonjetsa dziko lapansi!

Matenda a Down, ma chromosome, matenda a majini, kukula kwa mwana, zosowa zapadera, maphunziro azaumoyo, Sri Lanka