Kodi mtsempha wamagazi m'thupi lanu ungatsekeke mwadzidzidzi? Tiyeni tikambirane za Embolism!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti chingachitike n’chiyani ngati mtsempha wamagazi m’thupi mwathu watsekedwa mwadzidzidzi ndi chinachake? Mwina zimenezo sizinakuchitikireni. Koma, ichi ndi chinthu chomwe tonsefe tiyenera kudziwa. Chifukwa, mtsempha wamagazi wotsekedwa motere, matenda otchedwa (Embolism), nthawi zina ungakhale woopsa kwambiri. Ndiye, kodi tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane komanso lero?

Kodi embolism ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, embolism ndi pamene mitsempha yanu imodzi yamagazi, kapena malo omwe magazi amatuluka, imatsekedwa ndi china chake. Nthawi zambiri, kutsekeka kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha magazi omwe amaundana omwe apangidwa kwina. Komabe, sikuti magazi okha amaundana, komanso zinthu zina zimatha kuyenda kuchokera pamalo amodzi m'thupi kupita kwina ndikutseka mitsempha yamagazi motere.

Taganizirani ngati dothi lomwe limamatira mu chitoliro cha madzi. Mitsempha ina yamagazi, chifukwa cha kukula ndi mawonekedwe ake, imakhala yotsekeka kwambiri kuposa ina. Izi zitha kuchitika makamaka pamene mtsempha waukulu wamagazi umagawikana kukhala yaying'ono, kapena pamene mtsempha wamagazi wachepa chifukwa cha mafuta ambiri (atherosclerosis).

Ma embolism amenewa amatha kuchitika kulikonse m'thupi lanu, kuphatikizapo ubongo wanu, mapapo, impso, ndi ndulu. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa embolism uli m'mapapo. Pamene magazi amaundana m'mitsempha ya miyendo yanu ndikupita ku mapapo anu, amatchedwa pulmonary embolism, kapena PE .

Kodi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe embolism ingachitikire ndi ziti?

Embolism ikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo kutengera mtundu wa chinthu chomwe chimamatira mumtsempha wamagazi. Yang'anani:

• Kutupa kwa magazi m'mitsempha: Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa magazi kuundana . Umayambitsidwa ndi magazi kuundana omwe amapangika kwina m'thupi, makamaka m'mitsempha yakuya ya miyendo (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT).
• Kutsekeka kwa chotupa: Chinthu chonga chidutswa cha selo la khansa.
• Kutsekeka kwa mafuta m'thupi: Mafuta amatha kusonkhana m'magazi pakasweka fupa lalikulu.
• Kutsekeka kwa magazi m'thupi: Kuundana kwa magazi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda.
• Kutsekeka kwa mpweya: Mwachitsanzo, kungayambitsidwe ndi mpweya wa nayitrogeni panthawi yosambira.
• Kutuluka kwa madzi m'thupi mwa mwana: Izi zimachitika nthawi yobereka ndipo zimachitika kawirikawiri.

Mwa izi, Venous Thromboembolism , yomwe ndi magazi omwe amaundana omwe amapangika m'mitsempha ndikuyitseka, ndi yofala kwambiri kuposa magazi omwe amaundana m'mitsempha. Ndipotu, m'dziko ngati America, akuti anthu pafupifupi 900,000 pachaka amakhala ndi vutoli. Komanso, Pulmonary Embolism ndi chifukwa chachitatu chachikulu cha imfa zokhudzana ndi mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi padziko lonse lapansi. (Nambala yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ndi Stroke ndi Heart Attack).

Kodi zizindikiro za embolism ndi ziti?

Ngati embolism ipangika mumtsempha wanu wamagazi, imatseka kuyenda kwa magazi. Mukudziwa, magazi amanyamula mpweya womwe selo lililonse m'thupi lathu limafunikira. Chifukwa chake, ngati magazi sangathe kudutsa, mpweyawo sungathe kudutsa. Kusowa kwa mpweya kumeneku kumayambitsa vuto lotchedwa "infarct," lomwe limawononga chiwalo chomwe chikufuna mpweyawo. Izi zingayambitse ululu. Nthawi zina, kusowa kwa mpweya kumeneku kumatha kupha.

Tangoganizirani magazi oundana (thrombus) akupangika mumtsempha wozama kwambiri mwendo wanu, ndipo zidutswa zazing'ono zake zimasweka ndikuyenda ndi magazi kupita kumbali yakumanja ya mtima wanu. Kuchokera pamenepo, magazi amapopedwa kupita ku mapapo. Magazi ang'onoang'ono awa (pulmonary emboli) amamatira m'mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi m'mapapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapapo asamayende bwino. Nthawi zambiri, akuluakulu (pulmonary emboli) amatha kuletsa kutuluka kwa magazi kuchokera kumbali yakumanja ya mtima kupita ku mapapo.

Zizindikiro za embolism zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu ndi malo a embolism. Anthu ena sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Nazi zina mwa zizindikiro:

• Kupuma movutikira
• Kuchepa kwa mpweya m'magazi (Hypoxemia)
• Kupuma mwachangu koma pang'ono (Tachypnea)
• Kufooka, kutopa
• Mutu
• Madontho ofiira pakhungu (Petechiae)
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu (Tachycardia)
• Malungo
• Kutupa m'dzanja kapena mwendo
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu
• Chizungulire
• Kusanza ndi nseru
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi pang'ono (Hypotension)

Kodi chifukwa chachikulu cha embolism ndi chiyani?

Kawirikawiri, pulmonary embolism imachitika m'mapapo. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi magazi kuundana m'mitsempha ya miyendo (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) . Nthawi zina, pulmonary embolism imachitikanso chifukwa cha DVT m'mitsempha yakuya ya manja.

Pali zifukwa zina zomwe embolism imachitika:

• Matenda a mkati mwa mtima (infective endocarditis)
• Kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika (kugunda kwa mtima kosasinthasintha)
• Thrombosis ya ventricle yakumanzere
• Fupa losweka pangozi yaikulu
• Khansa
• Matenda osiyanasiyana
• Pancreatitis
• Kuchotsa liposuction
• Kusamutsa mafuta a m'mafupa
• Matenda a shuga a mimba
• Kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa placenta (placenta accreta)

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa (embolism)?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa magazi kuundana (embolism). Onani ngati chilichonse mwa izi chikukugwirani ntchito:

• Kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Kukhala pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka mukatha opaleshoni.
• Maopaleshoni ndi njira zina zochiritsira: Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yayikulu.
• Kulephera kwa mtima
• Stroke
• Khansa
• Kuvulala kwakuthupi (Kuvulala)
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP)
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za fodya (kusuta)
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi oletsa kubereka
• Matenda omwe amachititsa kuti magazi aziuma mosavuta
• Zipangizo zina zachipatala, monga makina oletsa kupweteka kwa mtima

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angabwere chifukwa cha embolism?

Mavuto a embolism amasiyana malinga ndi komwe imachitika. Ikhoza kukhala yoopsa kwambiri. Nazi zina mwa mavuto:

• Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ubongo, monga kuiwala kukumbukira
• Kusakhazikika kwa kugunda kwa mtima (Arrhythmia)
• Kumangidwa kwa mtima
• Matenda amtima
• Kutupa kwa ubongo
• Kutupa kwa m'mapapo
• Matenda Ovuta Kwambiri Okhudza Kupuma (ARDS)
• Kutaya mkono kapena mwendo
• Chifuwa cha splenic
• Kufa kwa minofu mu impso, ndulu, kapena chiwalo china chokhudzidwacho
• Kubwerera kwa magazi kudzera mu valavu ya mtima (tricuspid valve regurgitation)
• Kulephera kwa impso
• Kulephera kwa mtima
• Stroke
• Ngakhale kutayika kwa moyo kungachitike.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ichi si chinthu chopepuka. Ngakhale chingawoneke ngati chinthu chaching'ono, ngati sichingachiritsidwe pasadakhale, chingayambitse mavuto oopsa.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji izi molondola (embolism)?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za embolism, dokotala adzakuyesani kaye. Dokotala angazindikire zinthu monga kusintha kwa khungu kapena kupuma movutikira. Ngati mukukayikira kuti embolism ndi yoopsa, angachite mayeso ena.

Kutengera mtundu wa embolism, mayeso otsatirawa akhoza kuchitidwa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Doppler ultrasound - kuyang'ana kayendedwe ka magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi.
• ECG (Electrocardiogram - EKG) - Imafufuza momwe mtima ukugwira ntchito.
• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography - Kujambula kwa CT)
• Mayeso a MRA(Maginito Resonance Angiogram - MRA)
• MRI (Kujambula kwa Magnetic Resonance)
• Angiogram - X-ray ya mitsempha yamagazi pambuyo pobayira utoto.
• Mayeso a Ultrasound a mtima: (Transthoracic echocardiogram - TTE) ndi (Transesophageal echocardiogram - TEE)
• Nthawi zina biopsy imachitika kuti ione chidutswa cha minofu.

Kodi mankhwala a embolism ndi ati?

Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo cha embolism ndikuchotsa kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndikubwezeretsa kuyenda kwa magazi. Nthawi zambiri, chisankho choyamba ndi kuchiza ndi mankhwala.

Nazi njira zina zochizira embolism:

• Mankhwala Oletsa Kutsekeka kwa Magazi : Timati izi "zimatsekereza" magazi.
• Mankhwala Ochepetsa Kutupa : Izi zimasungunula magazi mwachindunji ndikuchotsa.
• Maantibayotiki a Embolism
• Mankhwala omwe amawonjezera kugwira ntchito kwa mtima (Inotropes)
• Chithandizo cha okosijeni kapena chithandizo cha okosijeni cha hyperbaric
• Kuchotsa embolism (kuchotsa opaleshoni ya opaleshoni ya fupa la mafupa)

Pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi embolism angafunike chithandizo china chowonjezera chothandizira moyo, monga CPR , ECMO (makina omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo mwa mtima ndi mapapo), komanso makina owathandiza kupuma.

Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse za mankhwalawa?

Inde, mwatsoka pakhoza kukhala zotsatirapo zina. Pali chiopsezo chotuluka magazi, makamaka ndi mankhwala otchedwa anticoagulants ndi thrombolytics. Pamene magazi oundana achotsedwa opaleshoni (embolectomy), pakhoza kukhala zoopsa monga:

• Kuwonongeka kwa mtsempha wamagazi
• Kutuluka magazi
• Kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono kwa mtima (Bradycardia)
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi pang'ono (Hypotension)
• Kumangidwa kwa mtima

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati embolism ichitika?

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi embolism sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse, pomwe ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri. Momwe mungachiritsidwire zimadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo kukula ndi kuopsa kwa embolism, komanso komwe idayambira.

Embolism ndi vuto lomwe lingayambitse imfa, kotero kuzindikira msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo mwachangu kungakulitse mwayi wanu wochira.

Kodi tingatani kuti tipewe embolism?

Inde, tingathe kupewa mitundu ina ya embolism. Ngati muli pachiwopsezo cha embolism, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni izi:

• Mukayenda mtunda wautali (monga pa ndege kapena basi), dzukani maola angapo aliwonse ndikukweza ndi kutsitsa pang'ono akakolo anu (ma calf pumps).Izi zingathandize kuti magazi aziyenda bwino m'miyendo.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa magazi (Anticoagulants) .
• Kugwiritsa ntchito masokisi apadera opondereza.
• Chipangizo chomwe chimakankhira miyendo (Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Device - IPC device) .
• Kwa anthu ena, fyuluta ikhoza kuyikidwa mu mtsempha waukulu womwe umanyamula magazi kuchokera ku thupi la pansi kupita ku mtima (fyuluta ya inferior vena cava) . Izi zimaletsa magazi kuundana kupita ku mtima ndi mapapo.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji ngati ndili ndi vuto la embolism?

Pambuyo pa embolism, mungafunike kuchira kuti muchiritsidwe. Izi zili choncho chifukwa embolism ikhoza kukhala ndi madera owonongeka monga ubongo wanu kapena mapapo. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa embolism yatseka mpweya ku chiwalo kapena dera limenelo.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za embolism, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Musazengereze.

Mukamaliza kutenga embolism, muyenera kupitiriza kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu ndikutsatira malangizo ake. Makamaka ngati mukumwa mankhwala monga mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka m'magazi, dokotala wanu adzafufuza ngati mukumwa mankhwalawo moyenera komanso ngati chiopsezo chanu chotuluka magazi chasintha.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Mungathe kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso monga awa:

• N’chifukwa chiyani ndinalandira izi (embolism)?
• Kodi mwayi wochira ndi wotani malinga ndi vuto langa?
• Kodi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa ine ndi chiti?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti ndipewe vuto lina la embolism ngati limeneli kuti lisabwerenso?

Mwachidule (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Ndizachibadwa kuda nkhawa ndi vuto lotchedwa embolism, chifukwa likhoza kupha munthu. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza chithandizo nthawi yomweyo. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za embolism, funani thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo. Mukalandira chithandizo, pezani chithandizo kuchokera kwa achibale anu ndi anzanu. Ngati mukuda nkhawa kapena mukuda nkhawa ndi embolism ina, lankhulani ndi mlangizi. Simuli nokha, ndipo musaope kupempha thandizo.

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