Kodi mukuvutika kupuma? Dziwani za Emphysema, matenda a mapapo, ndi Nirogi Lanka!

Kodi nthawi zina zimakuvutani kupuma? Kodi kukwera masitepe kapena kuyenda mtunda waufupi kumakupangitsani kumva ngati mukupuma? Kodi mukuvutika ndi chifuwa chosatha? Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda a m'mapapo otchedwa emphysema, omwe tikambirana lero. Chonde musachite mantha; tiyeni tikambirane izi limodzi.

Kodi Emphysema ndi chiyani? Kumvetsetsa Zoyambira

Mwachidule, emphysema ndi vuto lomwe limayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya m'mapapu anu, tomwe timatchedwa alveoli. Ma alveoli amenewa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mpweya utuluke kuchokera mumlengalenga upite m'magazi anu pamene akuchotsa mpweya woipa. Ganizirani mapapu anu ngati thovu lophimba; ma alveoli ndi thovu laling'ono. Mapapu athanzi ali ndi pafupifupi 300 miliyoni.

Mu emphysema, makoma a alveoli awa amafooka ndipo pamapeto pake amaphulika. M'malo mwa thovu laling'ono kwambiri, mumakhala ndi matumba akuluakulu komanso osasinthasintha a mpweya. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri malo omwe alipo kuti mpweya usinthe. Kuphatikiza apo, mpweya ukhoza kutsekeredwa m'mapapu anu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muvutike kupuma komanso kupuma movutikira. Anthu ena amatha kuwoneka ngati "chifuwa cha mbiya" chifukwa cha mpweya wotsekeredwawu.

Kodi zifukwa zazikulu za emphysema ndi ziti?

Kawirikawiri, emphysema imachitika mwa anthu omwe akhala akusuta fodya kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, kusuta fodya sikokhako komwe kumayambitsa vutoli. Zina mwa zinthuzi ndi izi:

• Kuipitsa mpweya kunyumba kapena kuntchito: Kukhudzidwa ndi fumbi, utsi wa mankhwala, kapena kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Zinthu zokhudzana ndi majini : Anthu ena ali ndi vuto losowa lotchedwa alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency , lomwe lingayambitse emphysema.
• Matenda opatsirana m'mapapo : Matenda opatsirana m'mapapo nthawi zambiri angathandizenso kuwonongeka.

Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi vuto la emphysema. Ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limafuna chithandizo choyenera chamankhwala.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa emphysema ndi COPD ndi kotani?

Mwina munamvapo mawu akuti COPD. COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) ndi mawu ofunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza gulu la matenda a m'mapapo omwe amapitirira kukula. Emphysema imagwera m'gulu ili, monganso Chronic Bronchitis. Odwala ena a COPD akhozanso kukhala ndi mphumu.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda a emphysema ndi matenda a bronchitis osatha?

Zonsezi ndi mitundu ya COPD, ndipo anthu ambiri ali ndi matenda onsewa nthawi imodzi.

• Emphysema: Izi makamaka zimakhudza kuwonongeka kwa alveoli m'mapapu anu. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino ndi kuvutika kupuma .
• Matenda a Bronchitis Osatha: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa cilia—tinthu tating'onoting'ono tonga tsitsi—m'njira zanu zopumira. Cilia imeneyi imayambitsa kuchotsa majeremusi , fumbi, ndi zinthu zoyambitsa kuyabwa. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi chifuwa chotulutsa ntchofu yokhuthala, yomwe ingakhale yachikasu, yobiriwira, kapena imvi.

Kodi magawo a Emphysema ndi ati?

Akatswiri azachipatala amagawa emphysema kutengera njira za GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) kuti aone kuopsa kwa matendawa.

• Gawo 1 (Lofatsa): Kugwira ntchito kwa mapapo anu ndi osachepera 80% ya zomwe zimayembekezeredwa pa msinkhu wanu, kutalika, ndi jenda.
• Gawo 2 (Pang'ono): Kugwira ntchito kwa mapapo anu kuli pakati pa 50% ndi 79%.
• Gawo 3 (Lovuta): Kugwira ntchito kwa mapapo anu kuli pakati pa 30% ndi 49%.
• Gawo 4 (Lovuta Kwambiri): Kugwira ntchito kwa mapapo anu kuli kochepera 30%.

Magawo awa amathandiza dokotala wanu kukonza njira zanu zochizira komanso zosamalira moyo wanu.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha wodwala wa Emphysema ndi chotani?

Munthu aliyense ndi wosiyana, ndipo chiyembekezo chimadalira zaka zanu, gawo la matendawa, komanso mbiri yanu yosuta. Kusiya kusuta kungathandize kwambiri moyo wanu, ngakhale mutapezeka ndi matendawa. Ngakhale kuti matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 50 ndi 70, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndikufunsa dokotala wanu msanga ngati muwona zizindikiro.

Kodi zizindikiro zoyambirira za emphysema ndi ziti?

Kwa ambiri, zizindikiro zimaonekera pokhapokha 50% kapena kuposerapo kwa minofu ya m'mapapo itawonongeka. Poyamba, mungayambe kuvutika kupuma komanso kutopa pang'onopang'ono.

Zizindikiro zina ndi izi:

• "Chifuwa cha munthu wosuta fodya" chosalekeza.
• Kupuma movutikira mukamapuma.
• Kupuma movutikira , makamaka panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi monga kukwera masitepe.
• Kumva kosalekeza kuti mpweya sukwanira.
• Kulimba pachifuwa.
• Kuchuluka kwa kupanga mamina.
• Kutopa kosatha .
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi moyo .
• Kusokonezeka kwa tulo.
• Nkhawa .
• Kuvutika maganizo.
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosamveka bwino.

Ngati muli ndi emphysema, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda monga chibayo ndi bronchitis.

Kodi chifukwa chachikulu cha Emphysema ndi chiyani?

Kusuta fodya ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha emphysema.

Utsi wa ndudu umawononga minofu ya m'mapapo ndipo umakwiyitsa njira zopumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kutupa ndi mamina ambiri. Kupatula kusuta fodya, zinthu zina zikuphatikizapo utsi wa chamba, vaping, e-cigarettes, utsi wa ndudu, kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, fumbi, ndi utsi wa mankhwala ochokera m'mafakitale.

Kodi Emphysema ndi matenda opatsirana?

Ayi, emphysema si matenda opatsirana. Simungapatsire wina aliyense.

Kodi Emphysema imapezedwa bwanji?

Dokotala wanu akhoza kuzindikira emphysema kudzera mu kufufuza thupi ndi mayeso ozindikira. Adzamvetsera mapapu anu ndi stethoscope; phokoso lopanda kanthu mukagogoda pachifuwa likhoza kusonyeza mpweya womwe watsekeredwa. Ngati mukuvutika kupuma, chonde funani thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo. Ngati mukuvutika kupuma kwambiri, chonde funsani ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi (911) nthawi yomweyo.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira Emphysema?

Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni mayeso otsatirawa:

• X-ray ya pachifuwa: Kuti muwone momwe mapapo anu alili. Dziwani kuti X-ray sizingazindikire matendawa pachiyambi; ndi othandiza kwambiri pozindikira matenda apakati mpaka akulu.
• Kujambula kwa CT: Izi zimapereka zithunzi za 3D za mapapo anu, zomwe zimakupatsani mawonekedwe omveka bwino kuposa X-ray wamba.
• Kuyesa kwa ntchito ya m'mapapo (PFT): Mayesowa amayesa momwe mapapu anu amapumira ndi kutulutsa mpweya bwino. Izi zikuphatikizapo Spirometry , yomwe imayesa makamaka kayendedwe ka mpweya ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya komwe mapapu anu angathe kusunga.
• Mpweya wa Magazi a M'mitsempha (ABG): Pofufuza chitsanzo cha magazi kuchokera mumtsempha, mayesowa amayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi carbon dioxide. Ngati emphysema yanu ikuipiraipira, mayesowa amathandiza kudziwa ngati mukufuna mpweya wowonjezera.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG): Iyi imayesa momwe mtima wanu ukugwirira ntchito kuti idziwe ngati vuto lanu lopuma likugwirizana ndi vuto la mtima.
• Kuyezetsa Magazi ndi Majini: Mayesowa amachitika kuti atsimikizire ngati pali chifukwa cha majini, monga kusowa kwa Alpha-1 antitrypsin .

Kodi kuwonongeka kwa mapapo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha emphysema kungathetsedwe?

Mwatsoka, kuwonongeka kwa mapapo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha emphysema sikungatheke konse. Komabe, ndi chithandizo choyenera, mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri zizindikiro, kukonza moyo wanu, komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwina kwa mapapo anu.

Kodi emphysema imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Matenda a emphysema ndi matenda omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, zolinga zazikulu za chithandizo ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matendawa ndikuwonjezera ntchito ya minofu ya m'mapapo yanu yotsala. Njira zochiritsira zimapangidwira malinga ndi kuopsa kwa vuto lanu.

Njira zochiritsira zingaphatikizepo:

• Kusiya kusuta: Ngati mukusuta, kusiya kusuta ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri komanso chothandiza chomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse vuto la emphysema. Inu ndi dokotala wanu mungagwire ntchito limodzi kuti mupeze njira yabwino kwambiri yosiyira kusuta.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa mpweya m'mapapo: Mankhwalawa amathandiza kumasula minofu yozungulira njira zanu zopumira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mpweya wambiri ulowe ndi kutuluka m'mapapo mwanu. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kudzera mu inhalers.
• Mankhwala opumira a corticosteroids: Amachepetsa kutupa ndi kupanga mamina m'njira zanu zopumira. Mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse kuti muchepetse zizindikiro.
• Mankhwala oletsa kutupa: Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa nthawi yochepa panthawi yotupa kwa matenda.
• Mankhwala opha tizilombo: Omwe amalembedwa kuti azitha kuchiza matenda a bakiteriya monga chibayo kapena bronchitis.
• Mankhwala oletsa kutupa: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kutupa m'njira zopumira.
• Chithandizo cha okosijeni: Ngati mapapu anu sangathe kupereka mpweya wokwanira m'magazi anu (vuto lotchedwa hypoxemia ), chithandizo cha okosijeni chingathandize. Mpweya umaperekedwa kudzera mu makina kudzera mu kannula ya m'mphuno kapena chigoba cha nkhope.
• Opaleshoni Yochepetsa Kuchuluka kwa Mapapo (LVRS): Pa opaleshoniyi, dokotala wa opaleshoni amachotsa mbali zing'onozing'ono za minofu ya mapapo yowonongeka, zomwe zimathandiza kuti minofu yotsalayo ikhale yathanzi igwire bwino ntchito. Izi zimachepetsa kupanikizika kwa minofu yanu yopuma komanso zimathandiza kuti mapapo azisinthasintha. Njirayi si yoyenera aliyense.
• Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapapo a bronchoscopy: Mu njira iyi yosalowa kwambiri, dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito bronchoscope kuyika ma valve olowera mbali imodzi m'njira zopumira. Ma valve amenewa amalola mpweya wotsekeredwa kutuluka pamene akuletsa mpweya watsopano kulowa, zomwe zingapangitse kupuma kukhala kosavuta. Izi sizili zoyenera kwa wodwala aliyense.
• Kuika mapapo: Ngati muli ndi emphysema yoopsa ndipo mankhwala ena alephera, kuyika mapapo kungaganizidwe kuti m'malo mwa mapapo owonongeka ndi mapapu athanzi opereka.

Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani ngati ndili ndi emphysema?

Kaonedwe kanu ka nthawi yayitali kamadalira kuopsa kwa emphysema yanu.

Ngati muli ndi vuto lochepa, nthawi zambiri limakhala labwino. Komabe, ngakhale vuto lochepa la emphysema lingakhudze zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 65. Mungazindikire zizindikiro mukamachita zinthu monga kuyenda, kukwera masitepe, kapena kuvala.

Ngati muli ndi emphysema yoopsa, kupuma kungakhale kovuta kwambiri, ndipo mungafunike chithandizo chamankhwala pafupipafupi.

Palibe mankhwala athunthu a emphysema, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa mapapo kumakhala kosatha. Komabe, chithandizo chimakupatsani mwayi wothana ndi matendawa bwino. Mukayamba chithandizo mwachangu motsogozedwa ndi gulu la Nirogi Lanka, mudzakhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Kodi ndingachepetse bwanji chiopsezo cha emphysema?

Njira yabwino yochepetsera chiopsezo chanu cha emphysema ndi kupewa kusuta fodya.

Kusiya sikophweka, ndipo kungafunike kuyesera kangapo. Ngati mukuganiza zosiya, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Angakupatseni zinthu ndi chithandizo kuti mupambane. Kulowa nawo gulu lothandizira kungakuthandizeninso kwambiri.

Njira zina zochepetsera chiopsezo chanu ndi izi:

• Kupewa utsi wochokera kwa anthu ena, kuipitsa mpweya, utsi wa mankhwala, fumbi, mungu, ndi dander ya ziweto.
• Kuyesa nyumba yanu ngati muli ndi gasi wa radon.
• Kuvala chigoba choteteza nkhope mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena m'malo opanda fumbi.

Kodi ndingathe bwanji kuthana ndi vuto langa?

Ngati muli ndi emphysema, njira zofunika kwambiri zopewera mavuto ndi kusiya kusuta fodya komanso kudziteteza ku matenda opatsirana popuma. Malangizo awa angakuthandizeni:

• Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri.
• Pakani burashi ndi floss tsiku lililonse, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mukatha kudya.
• Sungani zipangizo zanu zonse zopumira zili zoyera.
• Sungani malo oyera panyumba mwa kupukuta fumbi nthawi zonse.
• Khalani ndi chidziwitso chaposachedwa cha katemera wanu, kuphatikizapo jakisoni wa chimfine, katemera wa pneumococcal, ndi katemera wa COVID-19.
• Tsatirani pulogalamu yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi yomwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani.
• Pewani zinthu zokwiyitsa monga utsi, utsi wa galimoto, mafuta onunkhira amphamvu, zotsukira, utoto/varnish, fumbi, mungu, ndi dander ya ziweto.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukukumana ndi vuto lalikulu lopuma, imbani 911 kapena ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi mdera lanu nthawi yomweyo.

Funsani dokotala wanu ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirazi:

• Kupuma kumakhala kovuta kuposa masiku onse kapena kumakupangitsani kupumira mosavuta.
• Mukuona kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga mamina.
• Mafinya anu amasintha mtundu kukhala wachikasu kapena wobiriwira.
• Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opulumutsa ma bronchodilator kapena mankhwala opumira a corticosteroids pafupipafupi kuposa masiku onse.
• Mankhwala anu saperekanso mpumulo womwewo.
• Chifuwa chanu chawonjezeka.
• Umadzuka pakati pa usiku chifukwa chovutika kupuma.
• Mukumva kutaya mphamvu kapena kutopa kwambiri.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Mukakonzekera kukaonana ndi dokotala, ganizirani kufunsa mafunso ofunikira awa:

• Kodi munazindikira bwanji kuti ndili ndi emphysema?
• Ngati ndilibe emphysema, ndi vuto lina liti lomwe lingayambitse zizindikiro zanga?
• Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingayambitse emphysema yanga kuipiraipira?
• Kodi ndingathe bwanji kudziwa ngati kupuma kwanga kukuchepa?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe mukundipangira?
• Kodi pali masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe mumapereka kuti ndithandize mapapu anga kukhala ndi thanzi labwino?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe ndingachite kuti ndipewe matenda opatsirana m'mapapo?
• Ndi njira ziti kapena zinthu ziti zomwe mumalimbikitsa kuti zindithandize kusiya kusuta?
• Kodi pali magulu othandizira omwe alipo kuti andithandize pa njira yosiya kusuta fodya?
• Kodi ndikufunika kuyesedwa ngati ndikufunika njira zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa mapapo kapena kuyika mapapo ena?

Kodi COVID-19 ingayambitse emphysema?

Pokhapokha ngati muli ndi matenda a m'mapapo kapena kuwonongeka komwe kulipo kale, ndi zachilendo kwambiri kuti COVID-19 ichititse "giant emphysema." Malipoti ogwirizanitsa COVID-19 ndi kukula kwa giant emphysema ndi ochepa kwambiri.

Giant emphysema ndi mtundu wa matenda a bullous. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vutoli, matumba a mpweya m'mapapo amatha kufalikira mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mapapu amodzi kapena onse awiri. Madokotala amatchula matumba akuluakulu a mpweya awa kuti bulla (imodzi) kapena bullae (zambiri).

Mfundo Zomaliza Zokhudza

Emphysema ndi matenda osatha omwe amawononga matumba a mpweya m'mapapu anu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma. Ngakhale kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha emphysema sikungasinthe ndipo kungapitirire pakapita nthawi, chithandizo choyenera chingathandize kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu bwino ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya matendawa pa moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Mwa kutsatira upangiri wachipatala komanso kutenga njira zodzitetezera ku matenda opumira, mutha kupuma bwino. Kuzindikira msanga ndi kuchitapo kanthu ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino kwa nthawi yayitali momwe mungathere.Ngati mukuvutika kupuma, makamaka ngati muli ndi mbiri yosuta fodya, chonde funsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Angakuthandizeni kuzindikira emphysema ndikupanga dongosolo la chithandizo logwirizana ndi zosowa zanu, kukuthandizani kupitiriza kusangalala ndi zochita zomwe mumakonda mothandizidwa ndi Nirogi Lanka.

Emphysema, matenda a m'mapapo, kupuma movutikira, kusuta fodya, COPD, bronchitis yosatha, matenda opuma