Mawu oti "radiation" mwina amakuchititsani mantha pang'ono. Makamaka pankhani ya chithandizo cha khansa, mantha amenewo akhoza kukhala aakulu kwambiri. Koma ukadaulo wapita patsogolo kwambiri masiku ano. Mosiyana ndi kale, chithandizochi tsopano chikhoza kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri. Chifukwa chake lero tikulankhula za chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha khansa, External Beam Radiation Therapy, kapena EBRT mwachidule.
Mwachidule, kodi EBRT ndi chiyani?
Tangoganizani kuti mwagona bwino pabedi. Popanda kukhudza thupi lanu, makina akuluakulu patali akuponya kuwala kopangidwa bwino kwambiri, komwe kumangoyang'ana chotupa m'thupi lanu. Ndicho chimene timangotcha EBRT.
Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuti muwononge maselo a khansa. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo athanzi ozungulira pamene mukuwononga maselo a khansa. Ichi ndi chithandizo chakunja, kotero palibe chomwe chimayikidwa m'thupi lanu.
Mu chithandizochi, makina owunikira sakhudza thupi lanu. M'malo mwake, gulu lachipatala limakonza makinawo kuti azitha kulimbana ndi maselo a khansa okha kuchokera patali, kuwawononga.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa chithandizo cha radiation chakunja ndi chamkati ndi kotani?
Chithandizo cha radiation chingagawidwe m'magulu awiri akuluakulu.
1. Chithandizo cha Kutulutsa Ma Radiation ya Kunja kwa Mtambo (EBRT): Iyi ndi njira yomwe tikukamba. Ikuphatikizapo kutulutsa ma radiation kuchokera ku makina omwe ali kunja kwa thupi.
2. Chithandizo cha Ma radiation a Mkati: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyika chipangizo chaching'ono cha radioactive mkati kapena pafupi ndi chotupacho.
Ngakhale njira zonsezi zimawononga maselo a khansa, momwe amachitira izi ndi zosiyana.
Ndi mitundu iti ya mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza izi?
Mphamvu ya radiation ndi kuwala kwa mphamvu komwe kumakhala ndi tinthu tambirimbiri. Tinthu tambirimbiriti tili ndi mphamvu yowononga maselo a khansa. Vuto lalikulu la chithandizochi ndi kuwononga maselo a khansa okha popanda kuvulaza maselo athanzi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinthu timagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.
- Ma photoni (ma X-ray ndi ma gamma rays): Awa ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a EBRT. Ali ngati ma X-ray amphamvu kwambiri. Amatha kulowa mkati mwa minofu yanu ndikupha maselo a khansa.
- Mapulotoni:Izi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi mphamvu yabwino. Chithandizo chogwiritsa ntchito izi chimatchedwa `(Proton Therapy)`. Iyi ndi ukadaulo watsopano. Chapadera apa ndichakuti pambuyo poti kuwala kwa proton kukagunda chotupa cha khansa, kumasiya popanda kupitirira apo. Chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwa minofu yathanzi yomwe ili pafupi ndi khansa ndikochepa kwambiri. Komabe, njira iyi yochizira si yofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
- Ma electron: Awa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mphamvu yoipa. Sitingayende mozama ngati ma photon kapena ma proton. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza zotupa pamwamba pa thupi, monga khansa ya pakhungu.
Mankhwala ambiri a EBRT amagwiritsa ntchito makina otchedwa ``Linear Accelerator`` kapena ``LINAC``` kuti apititse patsogolo tinthu timeneti ndikutumiza ku maselo a khansa.
Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha EBRT?
Inde, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, tsopano pali njira zosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha EBRT. Kutengera mtundu ndi malo a khansa yanu, dokotala wanu adzasankha njira yoyenera kwambiri kwa inu.
| Mtundu wa Chithandizo | Mwachidule... (Kufotokozera Kosavuta) |
|---|---|
| Chithandizo cha X-ray cha 3D Conformal | Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga CT scans, chitsanzo cha khansa cha mbali zitatu (3D) chimapangidwa ndipo kuwala kwa radiation kumayikidwa pa iyo kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana kuti kugwirizane nayo. |
| Chithandizo cha Ma radiation Chosinthidwa Mwamphamvu (IMRT) | Iyi ndi njira yapamwamba kwambiri ya 3D. Apa, sikuti mawonekedwe a chotupa okha ndi omwe angayang'aniridwe, komanso madera omwe ali ndi maselo ambiri a khansa amatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi mphamvu zambiri , ndipo madera omwe ali ndi maselo ochepa a khansa amatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi mphamvu zochepa . |
| Chithandizo cha Radiation Chotsogozedwa ndi Zithunzi (IGRT) | Musanayambe chithandizo chilichonse, scan yojambula (monga CT scan) imatengedwa kuti idziwe bwino komwe khansa ili kenako kuwala kwa dzuwa kumaperekedwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kulondola kukhale kwakukulu kwambiri. |
| Opaleshoni ya Radiosurgery ya Stereotactic (monga Mpeni wa Gamma) | Iyi si opaleshoni, ngakhale kuti imatchedwa "opaleshoni." Ndi njira yoperekera mphamvu zambiri za kuwala ku zotupa zazing'ono muubongo, kaya ndi jakisoni imodzi kapena zingapo, mwanjira yolondola kwambiri. |
| Chithandizo cha Stereotactic Body Radiation (SBRT) | Njira iyi ndi yofanana ndi yomwe ili pamwambapa, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa zomwe zili kunja kwa ubongo, makamaka m'malo monga mapapo, chiwindi, ndi msana. |
| Ma radiation a m'kati mwa opaleshoni (IORT) | Izi zimachitika panthawi ya opaleshoni kuti achotse khansa. Mphamvu ya radiation imaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo ku ziwalo za khansa zomwe sizikanatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni. |
Kodi chithandizo cha EBRT chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa milandu yanji?
Chithandizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zingapo zazikulu.
- Kuwononga maselo a khansa: EBRT imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chachikulu cha mitundu yambiri ya khansa.
- Kuthandizira njira zina zothandizira: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa chotupa musanachite opaleshoni (neo-adjuvant therapy) kapena kuwononga maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe akuganiziridwa kuti atsala pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndikuletsa khansa kuti isabwererenso (adjuvant therapy).
- Kuchepetsa zizindikiro: Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina khansa singathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, chithandizochi chimathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro monga ululu woyambitsidwa ndi zotupa za khansa ndikusunga moyo wabwino wa wodwalayo.
Mitundu ya khansa yochiritsidwa ndi EBRT
EBRT ndi mankhwala akuluakulu a mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya m'deralo, monga:
- Khansa ya m'mawere
- Khansa ya m'matumbo
- Khansa ya m'mapapo
- Khansa ya prostate
- Khansa ya m'chiberekero
- Khansa ya mutu ndi khosi
- Khansa ya m'magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi ndi lymphoma
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani musanalandire chithandizo? (Gawo lokonzekera)
Gawo lokonzekera ili, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti "simulation", ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kupambana kwa chithandizo cha EBRT. Limaphatikizapo kukonzekera zonse za chithandizo chanu choyamba.
1. Malo:Mudzaikidwa pabedi pa tsiku lokonzekera ili, monga momwe munalili panthawi ya chithandizo.
2. Kujambula: Kenako, CT, MRI, kapena PET scan imachitidwa kuti mupeze zithunzi zolondola za khansa yanu ndi ziwalo zathanzi zozungulira. Izi ndi zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi malo enieni a khansayo.
3. Kulemba: Kenako, zizindikiro zochepa zazing'ono kwambiri, zonga madontho zidzapangidwa pakhungu lanu ndi cholembera kuti mudziwe malo omwe mukufuna kuchiritsidwa. Izi ziyenera kusungidwa pamalopo mpaka nthawi yochira itatha.
4. Kupanga Zinyalala/Maso: Kuti zikuthandizeni kukhala chete panthawi ya chithandizo, mungapange chinyalala chapadera kapena chigoba choyenerera thupi lanu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, gulu lanu lachipatala lidzakhala masiku angapo likupanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe likugwirizana ndi inu.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani panthawi ya chithandizo?
Simudzamva ululu uliwonse panthawi ya chithandizo.
Mudzaikidwa pamalo omwewo monga momwe munaliri panthawi yoyeserera. Ngati pakufunika kutero, mudzapatsidwa chigoba chapadera kapena chopachika. Kenako katswiri wothandiza anthu pogwiritsa ntchito radiation adzatuluka m'chipindamo ndikuyatsa makinawo. Komabe , akhoza kukuyang'anirani pa chowunikira ndikukulankhulani kudzera pa intercom .
Makinawo amazungulira mozungulira inu, amapanga mawu osiyanasiyana, ndipo amaika kuwala m'malo enaake. Chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikukhala chete, bata, ndikupuma bwino. Chithandizo chonsecho chingatenge mphindi 15-30. Komabe, kuwalako kumangogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphindi zochepa chabe.
Kodi zotsatirapo zake zofala ndi ziti?
Ngakhale titayesetsa kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo athanzi momwe tingathere, n'zovuta kupewa kuwonongeka kwina. Kuwonongeka kwa maselo athanzi amenewa ndi komwe kumayambitsa zotsatirapo zake.
Chofunika kwambiri, zotsatirapo zake sizifanana kwa aliyense . Zimadaliranso mbali ya thupi yomwe ikulandira chithandizo cha radiation. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene akulandira chithandizo cha mutu angataye tsitsi, koma munthu amene akulandira chithandizo cha m'mimba sangatero.
Zina mwa zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingaonekere ndi izi:
- Kumva kutopa kwambiri (Kutopa): Ichi ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri.
- Kusanza ndi kusanza
- Chilakolako cha chakudya
- Kufiira, kuuma, kapena kuyabwa kwa khungu pamalo ochiritsira
- Kutaya tsitsi m'dera lochiritsidwa
- Kuvuta kumeza ngati mukuchiza pakamwa ndi pakhosi
- Mutu
Zotsatirapo zambirizi zimatha pang'onopang'ono patatha milungu ingapo chithandizo chitatha. Lankhulani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za zotsatirapo zomwe mungakumane nazo komanso momwe mungathanirane nazo.Ngati zotsatirapo zilizonse zili zoopsa kapena mukumva zachilendo, dziwitsani dokotala wanu kapena malo ochiritsira nthawi yomweyo. Ngati zinthu zili zovuta kwambiri, ndikofunikira kupita ku Chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU).
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- EBRT ndi njira yodziwika bwino, yopanda ululu, komanso yothandiza kwambiri pochiza khansa masiku ano.
- Izi zimachitika ndi gulu la madokotala apadera. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuwononga maselo a khansa okha komanso kuteteza maselo athanzi.
- Zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zofala, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakanthawi kochepa. Mtundu wa zotsatirapo zake zomwe zimachitika zimadalira dera la thupi lomwe likuchiritsidwa.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula momasuka komanso moona mtima ndi dokotala wanu za chithandizo, zotsatira zake, kapena mantha kapena nkhawa zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo.
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