Kodi mumadziwa zinthu izi zokhudza maso anu?

Ma nsidze athu ndi chinthu chomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse, koma sitiganizira kwambiri za izi. Tangoganizani, mumathimitsa maso kangati patsiku? Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo za momwe ma nsidze awiriwa amathandizira maso athu? Lero, tikambirana za ma nsidze awa, ntchito yawo, ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono omwe angabuke.

N’chifukwa chiyani maso a maso ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa ife?

Mwachidule, nsidze zanu zili ngati chophimba chachilengedwe cha maso anu. Taganizirani izi, nsidze izi zimateteza maso anu ku fumbi, dothi, ndi kuwala kosafunikira. Sikuti zokhazo, zimathandizanso kusunga chinyezi mkati mwa diso, kuteteza kuti lisaume, ndikusunga pamwamba pa diso kukhala lopaka mafuta, kapena losalala .

Kodi mukudziwa kuti gawo lokhalo la khungu lathu lomwe lilibe mafuta pansi pake (monga mafuta apansi pa khungu ) ndi zikope. Ndicho chifukwa chake khungu lopyapyala kwambiri m'thupi lathu lili pa zikope. Chimodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za izi ndikuteteza maso athu. Chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mumlengalenga tingalowe mosavuta pamwamba pa maso athu. Chifukwa chake, zikope zimagwira ntchito ngati khoma kuti zisalowe.

Nsidze si chinthu chokha chomwe chimakhala pamwamba pa diso. Zimafunika kuyendayenda bwino pamwamba pa diso. Maso athu amafunikira chinyezi kuchokera ku misozi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa misozi imathandiza cornea , gawo lowonekera bwino la diso lomwe lili patsogolo pa diso lakuda (lilibe mitsempha yamagazi), kuyamwa mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga.

Mwachitsanzo, nsidze zili ngati chopukutira galasi pagalimoto kapena mthunzi wobwerera m'mbuyo pawindo m'nyumba . Monga chopukutira, zimathandiza kuti pamwamba pa diso pakhale paukhondo komanso potetezeka. Monga nsalu yotchinga, zimathanso kutseka diso ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumalowa.

Kodi mbali zazikulu za chikope ndi ziti?

Nsidze zathu zili ndi ziwalo zingapo. Zina zimagwira ntchito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zili ndi ntchito inayake. Zina ndi zokongoletsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimathandiza kuti muwoneke bwino.

Chinthu chimodzi choyenera kukumbukira ndi chakuti kungoti ndinu "wokongola" sizikutanthauza kuti sikofunikira. Ngati simukusangalala ndi mawonekedwe anu, zingakhudze thanzi lanu la maganizo ndi la thupi. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuda nkhawa ndi mawonekedwe anu sikungokhala lingaliro lopanda pake. Zimakhudzadi momwe mumamvera m'maganizo ndi m'thupi.

Conjunctiva (nembanemba yamkati mwa chikope)

Mkati mwa chikope chanu, muli nembanemba yopyapyala yotchedwa conjunctiva . Iyi imapinda ndikuphimba gawo loyera la diso lanu ( sclera ). Nembanemba iyi ndi yomwe imalola zikope zanu kuyenda bwino. Imagwiranso ntchito ngati gawo loteteza gawo lalikulu la kutsogolo kwa diso lanu.

Nsidze

Tsitsi lanu ndi lapadera kwambiri. Limakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa tsitsi la thupi lanu lonse, ndipo silingathe kuoneka imvi ngati tsitsi la pamutu panu. Pa avareji, pamakhala nsidze pafupifupi 100 mpaka 150 (nthawi zambiri zimakhala mizere iwiri kapena itatu) pa chikope chapamwamba, ndipo pamakhala pafupifupi 50 mpaka 75 pa chikope chapansi.

Nsidze si zokongola zokha. Ntchito zake ndi izi:

• Kujambula fumbi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono: Fumbi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayandama mumlengalenga timatsekeredwa pa nsidze ndipo sitingalowe m'maso.
• Kusunga chinyezi: Izi zimathandiza kuletsa zinthu zakunja kulowa komanso kusunga chinyezi mozungulira maso.
• Kuzindikira zoopsa: Makope a maso amamva kwambiri chilichonse chomwe chimawakhudza. Tangoganizirani, mukayenda mumdima, mumatambasula dzanja lanu kuti mupewe kugunda makoma kapena zinthu. Mofananamo, ngati chinachake chikukhudza makope anu, maso anu amatseka ngati njira yodzitetezera.

Zilonda za Meibomian

Mkati mwa zikope, kumbuyo kwa zikope, muli tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa mafuta. Tinthuti timatchedwa tinthu ta meibomian . Mafuta omwe amapanga amatchedwa meibum . Mafutawa amasakanikirana ndi misozi kuti aphimbe ndikuteteza pamwamba pa diso. Misozi ikasakanikirana ndi meibum, imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri popaka mafuta ndikuteteza diso.

Mitsempha yolumikizana ndi mitsempha

Pansi pa khungu la zikope zapamwamba ndi zapansi pali zigawo zotchedwa tarsal plates . Ngakhale kuti dzinalo ndi "plates", izi si mbale kwenikweni. Ndi ulusi wolimba kwambiri wolumikizana.

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi lamba wopindika m'chiuno mwa diresi, mbale za talus izi zimathandiza kugwira nsidze mwamphamvu pamwamba pa diso. Minofu ndi minofu ina yolumikizana yozungulira diso imakoka mbale za talus izi, zomwe zimasuntha nsidze mmwamba ndi pansi.

Minofu

Palinso minofu ina ingapo yolumikizidwa ndi kuzungulira zikope. Iyi ndi yomwe imathandiza kukoka zikope mmwamba ndi pansi. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kulamulira mawonekedwe a nkhope, monga pamene tikukoka maso athu modabwa kapena kukulitsa maso athu modabwa.

Makuponda ndi mikwingwirima

Tikatsegula ndi kutseka maso athu, maso athu amakhala ndi makwinya ndi mikwingwirima yachilengedwe yomwe imawathandiza kuti asagwedezeke. Mungakhale ndi makwinyidwe amodzi kapena awiri, kutengera zinthu zingapo.

Kodi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a maso ndi ati?

Kapangidwe ka maso anu kamatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe ka zikope zanu ndi kuzungulira maso anu. Ngakhale kuti palibe gulu lovomerezeka la mawonekedwe a maso, pali mawu enieni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kapangidwe ka maso (kapena mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe amenewo) omwe amathandizira mawonekedwe a maso.

Liwu limodzi lalikulu ndi "palpebral fissure." Ili ndi dzina laukadaulo la mpata womwe zikope zanu zimalekanitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa mpata pakati pa zikope zanu zakumtunda ndi zakumunsi. Mpata uwu wa palpebral ukhoza kuwoneka motere:

• Wooneka ngati amondi:Kapangidwe kameneka kamapezeka kwambiri pakati pa makanda aang'ono. Nthawi zambiri kamatha pamene minofu ndi mafupa a nkhope zikukula.
• Kutalika: Izi zikutanthauza maso omwe ali ndi mtunda wautali wopingasa kuchokera pa ngodya yamkati ya diso kupita ku ngodya yakunja. Ngati kutalika kumeneku kuli kosiyana kwambiri (kutalika kumeneku kumasiyana malinga ndi zaka, jenda, ndi zina), kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda ena osowa kapena matenda.
• Waufupi: Uwu ndi mtunda waufupi kwambiri wopingasa kuchokera pakona yamkati ya diso kupita kukona yakunja. Mtundawu umasiyananso ndi zaka. Zitha kuchitika ndi kusintha kwa majini ndi matenda ena, monga blepharophimosis syndrome .
• Kutsika kapena kukwera mmwamba: Izi zikutanthauza kutalika kwa ngodya zamkati ndi zakunja za maso. Ngati ngodya zakunja za maso anu zili zazitali pankhope panu kuposa ngodya zamkati, zimatchedwa "mpata wa palpebral wokwera mmwamba." Ngati ngodya zakunja zili zotsika, zimatchedwa "mpata wa palpebral wokwera pansi."

Makhalidwe ena omwe angakhudze mawonekedwe a maso:

• Maso a monolid: Apa ndi pamene zikope zanu zimakhala ndi mkunkhu umodzi m'malo mwa ziwiri. Izi zimatchedwanso mkunkhu wa epicanthic kapena mkunkhu wa epicanthal . Ndi zofala pakati pa anthu ochokera ku East Asia a mibadwo yonse. Zimapezekanso mwa makanda amitundu ina, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimazimiririka nkhope zawo zikamakula.
• Maso okhala ndi chivundikiro: Izi zikutanthauza kuchuluka kosazolowereka kwa khungu la zikope kapena khungu la pamphumi lomwe limapachikidwa pamwamba pa maso anu.

Kodi matenda ndi zikhalidwe zofala zomwe zimakhudza nsidze ndi ziti?

Pali matenda ambiri omwe angakhudze nsidze. Akhoza kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga matenda okhudzana ndi mitsempha ndi minofu, matenda a pakhungu, matenda enieni a nsidze kapena maso enieni. Ma nsidze amathanso kuvulala mosiyanasiyana. Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi matenda omwe amakhudza kapangidwe ka nsidze.

Matenda okhudzana ndi mitsempha ndi minofu

Matenda omwe angakhudze kulamulira kwa mitsempha ndi minofu m'zikope ndi madera ozungulira:

• Matenda a Bell
• Blepharospasm ndi mitundu ina ya kunjenjemera kwa maso
• Chikope chopindika ( Ptosis )
• Mutu waching'alang'ala wa hemiplegic
• Matenda a sitiroko ndi matenda a ischemic osakhalitsa (TIAs)

Matenda a pakhungu

Zitsanzo za matenda a pakhungu omwe angakhudze nsidze:

• Dermatitis ya zikope
• Psoriasis ya zikope
• Rosacea ya maso
• Zolemba za khungu/Acrochordons

Matenda enieni a m'maso ndi m'nsidze

• Matumbo achikasu pafupi ndi zikope ( Xanthelasmas))
• Ziphuphu kapena ma cysts ( chalazions ) zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ma meibomian glands otsekeka
• Ziphuphu kapena kutupa kuzungulira nsidze ( Masitayilo ndi Masitayilo amkati )
• Matenda a maso ( Conjunctivitis / Pinki disorder )
• Matenda a maso, monga Keratitis
• Nsidze zopindika ( Trichiasis )
• Zikope zotembenukira mkati (Entropion) kapena kunja (Ectropion)
• Matenda a chikope choyandama
• Kutupa kwa zikope ( blepharitis )
• Kulephera kwa ntchito ya gland ya Meibomian
• Matenda a chikope kapena khungu lozungulira diso ( orbital cellulitis )

Kuvulala kwa nsidze

Zitsanzo:

• Kuwotcha
• Mabala
• Kutupa kwa Misozi

Matenda okhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka nsidze

Anthu ena amabadwa ndi mavuto ndi nsidze zawo chifukwa sizikukula bwino (izi zimatchedwa congenital anomaly). Ena ali ndi mavuto ndi kapangidwe ka nsidze zawo chifukwa cha ngozi kapena matenda ena. Matenda ena amabwera chifukwa khungu limataya kulimba kwake ndipo limafooka tikamakalamba.

Zitsanzo zina za matenda okhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka nsidze:

• Cryptophthalmos: Izi zikutanthauza "diso lobisika." Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amakhala ndi zikope zawo pamodzi.
• Coloboma ya zikope: Izi ndi mabala ang'onoang'ono kapena mipata yomwe chikope sichinakule bwino. Izi zitha kuwoneka ngati mlomo wosweka.
• Ma Eye awiri ( Distichiasis ): Anthu ena amakhala ndi mizere yambiri ya nsidze kuposa momwe amayembekezera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nsidzezo zikhale pafupi kwambiri ndi pamwamba pa diso, zomwe zingayambitse kuyabwa kwa maso ndi mavuto ena.

Kodi zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zofala za matenda a nsidze ndi ziti?

Monga madera ambiri a nkhope yanu, zikope zanu zili ndi mitsempha yambiri. Chifukwa chake, zikope zanu zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ululu . Zizindikiro zina za mavuto a zikope ndi izi:

• Kusakhazikika kapena kumasuka.
• Kuwerama kwa zikope ( Madarosis ).
• Kusintha kwa mtundu wa khungu la chikope.
• Kuyabwa kapena kupsa.
• Kutupa.

Matenda a zikope amathanso kukhudza pamwamba pa diso, makamaka chinyezi m'diso. Zizindikiro za matenda a zikope omwe angachitike pamwamba pa diso ndi awa:

• Maso ouma .
• Misozi kapena kutuluka madzi m'maso.
• Kutupa kapena kuyabwa m'maso.
• Kupweteka kwa maso.
• Maso amadzi ( Epiphora) .

Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kugwedezeka kwa zikope koopsa kapena mwadzidzidzi

Zizindikiro ziwiri zokhudzana ndi zikope zingasonyeze mavuto mu ubongo kapena dongosolo la mitsempha. Izi ndi kufooka kwa minofu mbali imodzi (Hemiparesis (Hemiparesis ) kapena ziwalo za thupi (Hemiplegia ) ndi vuto lililonse lomwe limakhudza chikope chimodzi ndi/kapena mbali imodzi ya nkhope.

Zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zizindikiro za sitiroko . Ngati muli ndi izi, kapena ngati muwona wina ali nazo , muyenera kuyimbira 119 (kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yapafupi) nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi mayeso ofala omwe amachitidwa pa nsidze ndi ati?

Madokotala a maso amafufuza mosamala maso awo akamayesedwa nthawi zonse. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuyeza momwe maso awo amayendera, momwe amayankhira kusintha kwina, ndikuwunika maso awo powakhudza kapena pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokulitsa.

Madokotala ena - monga madokotala ochizira matenda oyamba, madokotala a khungu, kapena madokotala ochizira matenda opangidwa ndi pulasitiki ndi okonzanso khungu - amatha kuwona maso a khungu panthawi yoyezetsa khungu nthawi zonse. Akatswiri a mitsempha amawonanso maso a khungu mosamala kuti aone zizindikiro za kufooka kwa minofu m'maso a khungu kapena m'malo ozungulira nkhope.

Kodi ndi mankhwala ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zizindikiro ndi matenda okhudzana ndi nsidze?

Chithandizo cha zizindikiro ndi matenda a zikope chimasiyana kwambiri kutengera chomwe chimayambitsa. Mankhwala osavuta, apakhomo monga ma compress ofunda angakhale okwanira pa matenda a pakhungu monga ma styes kapena chalazions . Matenda owopsa kwambiri monga matenda angafunike mankhwala monga maantibayotiki akumwa , kapena jakisoni monga OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) pa matenda omwe amayambitsa mayendedwe osalamulirika a minofu.

Pamene zikope zikulendewera kapena kutayikira chifukwa cha kutayika kwa kulimba kwa khungu ndi minofu ya pansi pamene tikukalamba, opaleshoni ingakhale njira yabwino kwambiri. Izi zitha kuchitikanso pa matenda ena okhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka zikope.

Dokotala wa maso kapena dokotala wina angakuuzeni zambiri zokhudza chithandizo chomwe amalimbikitsa malinga ndi vuto lanu komanso zosowa zanu. Angakuuzeninso za zotsatirapo zake kapena mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha chithandizocho.

Kodi ndingatani kuti nsidze zanga zikhale zathanzi?

Nsidze zanu zimakhala zofanana ndi khungu lanu. Zinthu ngati izi zingawathandizenso:

• Zakudya zoyenera: Khungu lanu limadalira makamaka mavitamini ndi michere ina. Kudya mokwanira kungathandize kuti nsidze zanu (ndi khungu lanu lonse) zikhale zathanzi.
• Chitetezo ku dzuwa: Monga momwe khungu lanu lonse limakhalira, nsidze zanu zimatha kupsa ndi dzuwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zodzitetezera ku dzuwa, monga zoteteza ku dzuwa kapena magalasi a dzuwa, kungathandize.
• Kugona bwino:Mukapanda kugona mokwanira, maso anu amatha kugwa kapena kukhala ndi mawanga akuda pansi pa maso anu. Komanso, ngati muli ndi vuto monga sleep apnea, mumakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda monga droopy eyelid syndrome.
• Chitetezo cha Maso: Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga magalasi oteteza maso kapena magalasi oteteza maso , mumatetezanso maso anu.

Kodi dzina lachipatala la nsidze ndi chiyani?

Dzina lachipatala la zikope ndi "palpebra." Liwu limeneli limachokera ku muzu wa Chilatini womwe umatanthauza "kukhudza pang'onopang'ono." Limafanananso ndi liwu lakuti "palpate," lomwe ndi liwu lomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito pokhudza gawo la thupi ngati gawo la kafukufuku wa thupi. Pankhaniyi, "palpebra" imatanthauza momwe zikope zanu zimakhalira pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pa diso lanu ndikudutsa pamenepo.

Kodi nsidze zili m'mbali iti ya diso?

Makope anu ali pamwamba ndi pansi pa maso anu. Mukatseka maso anu, makope anu amasonkhana pamodzi ndikuphimba pakati pa diso lanu, mwachindunji pamwamba pa gawo lakuda la diso lanu (cornea). Maso anu akatseguka, makope anu amafalikira molunjika, kuphimba m'mphepete mwa pamwamba ndi pansi pa gawo loyera la diso lanu (sclera).

Kodi mukuona popanda nsidze?

Inde, anthu amatha kuona ndikukhala ndi moyo popanda nsidze. Koma kusowa nsidze kungayambitse mavuto angapo omwe amakupangitsani kukhala kovuta kuwona kapena kukhudza thanzi la maso anu. Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli angafunike chithandizo chamankhwala cha moyo wawo wonse, chithandizo, komanso chithandizo chapadera kuti asunge thanzi lawo la maso. Alinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda, matenda a maso, ndi mavuto ena.

` ## Chidule (Uthenga Wotengera Kunyumba) Ma nsidze anu si chivundikiro chokha. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la maso anu ndipo limakuthandizani kukhala ndi thanzi la maso anu. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zosavuta kuzinyalanyaza, koma pamene chinachake chikukhudza maso anu, zingamveke ngati simungathe kuganizira china chilichonse. Dokotala wa maso adzayang'ana ma nsidze anu panthawi yoyezetsa maso nthawi zonse, kuti mudziwe kusintha kulikonse komwe kungakhale kofunikira. **Chifukwa chake musaiwale kusamalira ma nsidze anu komanso maso anu!** --- Ma nsidze, Thanzi la Maso, Ma nsidze, Matenda a Maso, Chitetezo cha Maso, Ma Glands a Meibomian, Conjunctiva