Kodi muli ndi chotupa chachilendo pathupi lanu? Kodi chingakhale chotupa cha maselo a germ? Tiyeni tikambirane!

Kodi mudamvapo za 'Germ Cell Tumor'? Mwina dzinalo likumveka loopsa pang'ono, koma musadandaule. Lero tikambirana za izi m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse. Chifukwa ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zinthu izi, makamaka chifukwa nthawi zina zimatha kukula mwa ana aang'ono ndi achinyamata.

Kodi zotupa za maselo a germ ndi ziti?

Mwachidule, chotupa cha maselo a jini ndi chotupa chomwe chimachokera ku maselo athu oberekera, otchedwa 'maselo a jini'. Mawu oti "jini" amatanthauza "kumera" kapena "kukhwima." Tsopano, mwa mtsikana, maselo a jini awa pambuyo pake amakhala 'mazira'. Mwa mnyamata, awa adzakhala 'umuna'. Chifukwa chake, zotupa za maselo a jini izi nthawi zambiri zimakula m'malo omwe mazira amapangidwa, omwe ndi 'mazira oberekera', ndi komwe umuna umapangidwa, womwe ndi 'machende'.

Komabe, nthawi zina zotupazi zimatha kufalikira m'malo ena a thupi kupatula mazira ndi machende. Mwachitsanzo, zimatha kufalikira m'malo monga mimba, chifuwa, pansi pa msana, mchira, ndi ubongo. Zotupa zomwe zimafalikira m'malo ena ngati awa zimatchedwa extragonadal tumors . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, zotupa zomwe zimafalikira kunja kwa glands zoberekera.

Chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti, zotupa za maselo a majeremusi amenewa zimapezeka kwambiri mwa ana aang'ono, achinyamata, komanso achinyamata .

Kodi pali mitundu ina iliyonse ya zotupa za maselo a germ?

Inde, pali mitundu iwiri ya zotupa za maselo a germ cell. Zina zimatha kukhala zoopsa , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi khansa. Mtundu wina ndi wosaopsa . Mitundu yonse iwiri ya zotupa imatha kukula kwambiri. Komabe, zotupa za maselo a germ cell okha ndi zomwe zimatha kufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Zikafalikira (zosasinthika), zimatha kuwononga ziwalo zathu zamkati ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuchiza.

Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu ya zotupa za maselo a germ ndi iti:

Teratoma

Izi ndi zipatso zapadera kwambiri. Zipatsozi zimatha kukhala ndi minofu monga mano, tsitsi, minofu, ndi mafupa. Taganizirani ngati chipatso chopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Izi zitha kukhala 'zokhwima' kapena 'zosakhwima'.

• Matenda okhwima otchedwa teratomas , omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa dermoid cysts , ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa chotupa cha maselo a germ cell chomwe chimayamba m'mazira. Nthawi zambiri, si khansa.
• Ma teratoma osakhwima nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi khansa, ndipo amakula mofulumira kwambiri.

Zotupa za Yolk Sac kapena Endodermal Sinus Tumors

Mbewu zimenezi zili ndi maselo ofanana ndendende ndi maselo omwe ali m'mimba yomwe ikukula.Izi ndi zotupa zoopsa ndipo zimatha kufalikira mofulumira kwambiri ku ma lymph nodes ndi ziwalo zina. Zotupa za m'thumba la yolk ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya maselo a germ cell mwa ana aang'ono.

Germinoma

Uwu ndi mtundu wa chotupa cha khansa. Chimatha kufalikira m'mazira kapena m'machende. Komabe, chimapezeka kwambiri mu ubongo ndi msana (central nervous system). Chikafalikira m'machende, chimatchedwa dysgerminoma , ndipo chikafalikira m'machende, chimatchedwa seminoma .

Khansa ya Cell ya Embryonal

Ichi ndi chotupa cha khansa chomwe chimapezeka kawirikawiri m'maselo a majeremusi. Nthawi zina chingachitike chokha, koma nthawi zambiri chimawoneka pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya zotupa, zomwe zimapangitsa chotupa cha majeremusi chosakanikirana .

Polyembryoma

Zotupa zimenezi zili ndi ziwalo zomwe zimafanana ndi mazira. Komanso ndi zotupa za khansa zomwe zimakula mofulumira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa pamodzi ndi zotupa zina za maselo a jini.

Choriocarcinoma

Zotupa zimenezi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo omwe amapanga placenta panthawi ya mimba. Monga mukudziwa, placenta ndi chiwalo chomwe chimathandiza mayi ndi mwana kusinthana zakudya. Choriocarcinoma ndi chotupa cha khansa chomwe chimapezeka kawirikawiri m'maselo a khansa. Ngakhale kuti chimatha kufalikira m'mazira kapena m'matumbo, nthawi zambiri chimafalikira m'chiberekero. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti chimatha kufalikira kwa mwana wosabadwayo komanso kwa mayi.

Matenda Osiyanasiyana a Maselo a Jeremusi

Izi ndi zotupa zomwe zimapangidwa pamene mitundu iwiri kapena kuposerapo ya zotupa za khansa ya maselo a kachilombo ikumana. Ndipotu, zotupa zambiri za maselo a kachilombo zimasakanikirana motere.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa seminoma ndi non-seminoma tumors ndi kotani?

Zotupa za maselo a khansa mwa amuna, makamaka khansa ya m'ma testicular, zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: seminomas ndi non-seminomas . Zonsezi ndi zotupa za khansa.

• Seminoma: Izi nthawi zambiri zimakula ndikufalikira pang'onopang'ono kuposa zomwe si seminoma.
• Ma Non-seminomas: Amakula ndi kufalikira mofulumira kuposa ma seminomas. Matumbo a m'thumba la yolk sac, embryonal cell carcinomas, choriocarcinomas, ndi teratomas ndi a gulu ili la ma non-seminomas.

Kodi zotupa za maselo a germ cell izi n'zofala bwanji?

Matenda a khansa ya majeremusi ndi osowa kwambiri mwa ana aang'ono. Amapezeka pafupifupi 3.5% ya khansa yonse mwa ana. Komabe, amapezeka kwambiri mwa achinyamata ndi achinyamata. Matenda a khansa ya majeremusi ndi omwe amachititsa pafupifupi 13.9% ya khansa yonse mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 19.

Ndani amene akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli?

Ngakhale kuti aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi zotupa za maselo a germ cell,Makanda, ana aang'ono, achinyamata, ndi achinyamata ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Kufala kwa matendawa kumasiyana malinga ndi zaka. Mwachitsanzo, amapezeka kawirikawiri kuyambira ali aang'ono mpaka ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 4, kenako amachepa pang'ono, kenako amawonjezekanso panthawi yaunyamata.

• Ziphuphu za maselo a dzira: Izi zimapezeka kwambiri mwa atsikana azaka zapakati pa 10 ndi 14. Komabe, zimathanso kufalikira mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 30. Matenda a teratoma okhwima (nthawi zambiri osakhala khansa) ndi mtundu wa chotupa cha maselo a dzira chomwe chimadziwika kwambiri.
• Matenda a khansa ya m'matumbo: Mtundu uwu umayambitsa 75% ya khansa ya m'matumbo mwa ana, ndi 90% ya khansa yonse ya m'matumbo. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana osakwana zaka 4 komanso mwa amuna azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 35.
• Ziphuphu za maselo a germ extragonadal: Ziphuphu zimenezi zimapanga 40% mpaka 50% ya ziphuphu zonse za maselo a germ zomwe zimapezeka mwa ana osakwana zaka 4. Komabe, zimathanso kuchitika mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Mwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono, zimapezeka kwambiri mu sacrum kapena coccyx. Mwa achinyamata ndi achinyamata, zimapezeka kwambiri mu mediastinum.
• Matenda a khansa ya muubongo: Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi osowa, amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 11 ndi 30.

Kodi zizindikiro za chotupa cha maselo a germ ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za chotupachi zimasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa chotupacho komanso komwe chili pathupi.

Zizindikiro za ma cysts a ovarian

Ziphuphu za maselo a jini zomwe zimakula m'mazira sizimayambitsa zizindikiro nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, teratoma yokhwima singachititse zizindikiro mpaka itakhala yayikulu mokwanira kuyambitsa kupweteka m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka panthawi ya ultrasound scan kuti aone chomwe chimayambitsa kupweteka m'mimba.

Zizindikiro zingakhale motere:

• Kusamva bwino kapena kupweteka m'mimba.
• Kumva chotupa chopweteka mu ovary.
• Kutupa, kutupa.
• Kupweteka m'mimba (monga appendicitis ).
• Kutuluka magazi m'mimba mosakhazikika.
• Kusanza.

Zizindikiro za ma cysts a m'ma testicular

Zizindikiro za khansa ya ma testicular yomwe imayamba m'ma testicular zimafanana ndi za khansa ya ma testicular.

Makhalidwe ake ndi awa:

• Chilonda cholimba komanso cholimba mu tchende chomwe chimakula pang'onopang'ono (chingakhale chopweteka kapena chosakhala chopweteka).
• Kumva ululu kapena kulemera m'thumba la mimba.
• Kupweteka m'mimba kapena m'chifuwa.
• Kapangidwe kosayenera ka testis.
• Kupweteka kwa msana.

Zizindikiro za zotupa zomwe zimachitika m'malo ena (extragonadal)

Chotupa m'matako a mwana wanu kapena pakati pa chifuwa chakeNgati ilipo, ikhoza kukhala teratoma. Zizindikiro zina zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe chotupacho chili.

• Kuvuta kupuma (ngati kukhudzana ndi mapapo).
• Kufooka kwa miyendo (ngati kuli m'munsi mwa msana).
• Kuvuta kukodza ndi kuchita chimbudzi (ngati vutoli likukhudzana ndi chiuno).
• Mwanayo ali ndi kutupa komanso ululu waukulu kapena wosawoneka bwino m'mimba.

Ziphuphu zina za maselo a jini zimatulutsa mahomoni obereketsa. Izi zingapangitse ana kusonyeza zizindikiro za kutha msinkhu msanga kapena kukhala ndi chitukuko chosazolowereka cha kugonana. Atsikana amatha kukhala ndi mabere, tsitsi la kumaliseche, komanso kusamba msanga. Anyamata amatha kukhala ndi mabere (gynecomastia).

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a khansa ya m’maselo a tizilombo?

Kawirikawiri, maselo a majeremusi amenewa amapangidwa pamene mwana wosabadwayo akukula. Kenako maselo amenewa amasamukira ku mazira kapena machende a mwana wosabadwayo, komwe amakhala mazira kapena majeremusi.

Koma, mu zotupa za maselo a germ cell, maselo awa sakula mokwanira kukhala mazira kapena umuna. M'malo mwake, maselo a germ awa amagawikana modabwitsa ndikupanga zotupa m'mazira kapena m'machende. Mu 'zotupa za extragonadal' zomwe tidakambirana kale, maselo a germ awa amapita kumalo achilendo m'thupi - malo monga pachifuwa, muubongo, m'mimba, pansi pa msana, m'matako - ndikupanga zotupa kumeneko.

Ndipotu, ofufuza sanapezebe chifukwa chenicheni chomwe maselo a tizilombowa amachitira zinthu motere.

Kodi zinthu zoopsa ndi ziti?

Mungakhale ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza chotupa cha maselo a kachilombo ngati wina m'banja mwanu adakhalapo nacho kale, kapena ngati muli ndi matenda enaake.

Izi ndi zochitika monga izi:

• Kukhala ndi machende osachiritsidwa komanso osakwezedwa ( cryptorchidism ).
• Matenda otchedwa Turner syndrome .
• Matenda otchedwa Klinefelter syndrome .

Izi ndi matenda a majini kapena chitukuko omwe madokotala amazindikira.

Kodi zotupa za maselo a germ cell zimapezeka bwanji? (Kuzindikira)

Dokotala wanu adzayamba kaye wakuyezani thupi lanu ndikufunsani za zizindikiro zanu. Kenako, angachite chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi chotupa cha maselo a kachilombo:

• Kujambula kwa CT: Izi zimaphatikizapo kujambula zithunzi zambiri za mkati mwa thupi lanu ndikugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta kupanga chithunzi cha mafupa ndi minofu yofewa cha magawo atatu (`3D`). Kujambula kwa CT pachifuwa, m'mimba, kapena m'chiuno kungathandize kupeza chotupacho.
• MRI: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti apange chithunzi cha mafupa ndi minofu yofewa ya thupi. Monga CT scan, MRI imatha kuwonetsa komwe chotupa chili.
• Ultrasound:Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a phokoso kuti apange zithunzi za mkati mwa thupi. Ultrasound imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa chotupa chomwe chili cholimba komanso kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi (`cystic`). Izi zimathandiza kudziwa ngati chotupacho ndi chotupa cha maselo a germ kapena madzimadzi okha (`cyst`).
• Kujambula kwa PET: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera ('tracer') kuti apeze madera a maselo a khansa m'thupi. Kujambula kwa PET kungathenso kuona ngati khansa yafalikira.
• Kujambula mafupa: Izi zimaphatikizapo kubaya utoto wapadera m'thupi, kuulola kuti ulowe m'mafupa, kenako n'kujambula zithunzi za X-ray. Utoto uwu umathandiza kuwonetsa zolakwika ndipo ungathandize kudziwa ngati chotupa chafalikira mpaka m'mafupa.
• Kuyezetsa magazi: Dokotala wanu angatenge magazi kuti awone kuchuluka kwa ma enzymes, mapuloteni, kapena mahomoni m'magazi mwanu. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu monga human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) , alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) , ndi lactate dehydrogenase kungakhale chizindikiro cha mitundu ina ya zotupa za maselo a germ.
• Kufufuza za thupi: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga minofu yaying'ono kuchokera ku chotupacho ndikutumiza ku labu kuti ikayesedwe. Katswiri wa matenda , dokotala yemwe ndi katswiri pakuwunika minofu, adzayang'ana chitsanzocho pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti adziwe ngati ndi chotupa cha maselo a kachilomboka.

Chofunika: Ngati chotupa chanu chingakhale khansa, dokotala wanu angasankhe kuchotsa chiwalo chonse. Mwachitsanzo, njira yodziwika bwino yodziwira khansa ya machende ndi kuchotsa machende onse ( radical inguinal orchiectomy ). Kuchotsa machende kumalola dokotala wanu kufufuza minofu ndikuchita opaleshoni ngati chithandizo.

Kodi zotupa za maselo a germ zimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Pali njira zingapo zochizira. Dokotala wanu adzasankha chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kutengera mtundu, kukula, malo a chotupacho, komanso thanzi lanu lonse.

• Opaleshoni: Opaleshoni ndiyo njira yaikulu yochizira matenda a khansa ya m'maselo a jini. Pankhani ya khansa ya m'mazira, chotupa chokha ndi chomwe chingachotsedwe ( ovarian cystectomy ), kapena ovary yonse ndi fallopian chubu zingachotsedwe ( salpingo-oophorectomy ). Pankhani ya khansa ya m'mazira, testicle yokhala ndi chotupacho imachotsedwa.
• Chemotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kukupatsani mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa kapena kuwaletsa kugawikana. Ngati dokotala wanu sangathe kuchotsa chotupacho mosamala, kapena ngati chafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi lanu, mungapatsidwe chemotherapy. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, chemotherapy imaperekedwanso kuti iphe maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe angasiyidwe, ngakhale atapezeka pa scan. Chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yambiri ya zotupa za maselo a khansa.Njira yothandiza kwambiri yochiritsira.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito X-ray yamphamvu kwambiri kuti iwononge maselo a khansa. Mitundu ina ya zotupa za maselo a germ cell imayankha bwino chithandizo cha radiation.

Kodi chotupa cha maselo a germ chingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Mapeto ake, kapena chiyembekezo cha kuchira, kwa zotupa zambiri za maselo a kachilombo ndi abwino kwambiri. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ngati chotupacho chachotsedwa kwathunthu. Mwachitsanzo, khansa ya m'ma testicular imakhala ndi chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka cha 95% pambuyo pa chithandizo. Zotupa za maselo a kachilombo ka ovarian zimakhala ndi chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka cha 93%. Zotupa za maselo a kachilombo mwa ana zimakhala ndi chiŵerengero cha kuchiritsidwa cha pakati pa 82% ndi 90%.

Komabe, zotsatirazi zimadalira zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakukhudzani. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• zaka zanu.
• Mtundu wa chotupa cha maselo a germ.
• Malo ndi kukula kwa chotupacho.
• Kutalikirana kwa khansa kwafalikira.
• Mmene chotupacho chimayankhira chithandizo.

Choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za momwe matenda anu angakhudzire zotsatira zanu.

Mafunso ofunikira oti mufunse dokotala wanu

Mungathe kufunsa mafunso awa kuti mumvetse bwino matenda anu:

• Kodi chotupa changa ndi khansa (choopsa)?
• Kodi chotupa changa chikukulirakulira mofulumira (moopsa) bwanji?
• Kodi khansa yafalikira?
• Kodi mumalimbikitsa chithandizo chanji?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake zingakhale zotani chifukwa cha chithandizo?
• Kodi zotsatira zake zingakhale zotani zokhudzana ndi njira iliyonse yothandizira?
• Ndi mayeso otani omwe ndiyenera kuchita kuti ndiwone ngati chithandizocho chagwira ntchito bwino?
• Kodi ndiyenera kubwera kangati kudzaonana ndi dokotala kuti ndione ngati chotupa changa/ndiyankhe chithandizo changa?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chotupa cha maselo a kachilombo ndi chotupa chomwe chimachokera ku maselo obereketsa. Dokotala wanu angakufotokozereni momwe matendawa angakukhudzireni inu kapena mwana wanu. Zotupa za maselo a kachilombo ndi zovuta pang'ono. Zizindikiro zanu ndi nthawi yomwe mukuyembekezera matenda zimadalira zinthu zambiri, zomwe dokotala wanu adzakambirana nanu.

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti zotupa zambiri za maselo a khansa zimayankha bwino chithandizo. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chotupa chilichonse (makamaka zotupa za khansa), mukazindikira msanga ndikuyamba chithandizo, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi chotupa chosazolowereka, kutupa, kapena kupweteka, ndi bwino kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala m'malo monyalanyaza.

` Zotupa za maselo a kachilombo, khansa, teratoma, chotupa cha thumba la yolk, germinoma, khansa ya m'chiberekero, khansa ya m'ma testicular