Kodi mudawonapo madokotala akufunsa kuti, "Kodi chiŵerengero cha GCS ndi chiyani?" munthu akabweretsedwa kuchipatala pambuyo pa ngozi? Kapena munthu akataya chikumbumtima, amati, "GCS ndi yotsika"? Mwinanso mukudzifunsa kuti GCS iyi ndi chiyani ndipo imayesa chiyani. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mosavuta, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.
Kodi GCS imatanthauza chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ndi njira yowerengera yomwe imayesa ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso cha munthu. Mofanana ndi kulemba mayeso, imalola madokotala kuwona momwe munthu alili maso, momwe amadziwira zomwe zili m'malo mwake, komanso momwe amayankhira bwino malangizo osavuta.
Njirayi idapangidwa koyamba mu 1974 ndi gulu la akatswiri ku University of Glasgow ku Scotland. Ndicho chifukwa chake idatchedwa. Ngakhale kuti mawu oti "coma" ali m'dzina, masiku ano yakhala njira yayikulu yovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi, osati kokha pa nthawi ya chikomokere, komanso pazochitika zilizonse zomwe chikumbumtima chingasokonezeke.
Kodi 'Chikumbumtima' ndi chiyani mu zamankhwala?
Timati 'kuzindikira' zinthu zitatu zazikulu zikakwaniritsidwa. Dokotala akamayesa kuzindikira kwanu, amaganizira kwambiri zinthu zitatuzi.
| Mfundo yake | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kukhala maso (Dzukani) | Izi sizili ngati kungodzuka ku tulo. Mutha kudzuka wina akakulankhulani, kapena mukamakhudza thupi lanu. Simungadzutse munthu ali ndi chikomokere chotere. |
| Chenjezo | Kutha kumvetsetsa zinthu monga zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira inu ndi amene akulankhula. |
| Kumvetsetsa kwa munthu ndi nthawi yake (Kuyang'ana pa malo) | Kudziwa komwe muli ndi nthawi, monga kuti ndinu ndani, kuti muli kuti, tsiku liti, ndi nthawi liti. |
Kodi GCS imagwiritsidwa ntchito liti?
GCS ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa mayeso a mitsempha omwe madokotala amachita. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati munthu wataya chikumbumtima.
- Kuvulala mutu: GCS imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa chilichonse kuyambira kuvulala pang'ono monga kugwedezeka kwa ubongo mpaka kuvulala kwakukulu kwa ubongo. Chiwerengero cha GCS ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe madokotala amaganizira munthu akabweretsedwa ku ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) pambuyo pa ngozi.
- Matenda ena: Palinso nthawi zina pomwe kutaya chidziwitso kungachitike ngakhale popanda ngozi. Mwachitsanzo:
- Shuga wochepa kwambiri m'magazi (hypoglycemia)
- Pambuyo pa khunyu
- Kupha poizoni
Chofunika: Ngati wina wamwa poizoni kapena mwangozi, upangiri wa dokotala uyenera kufunidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mutha kuyimbira National Poisons Information Centre ku Colombo National Hospital kuti mupeze upangiri mwachangu.
Kodi madera atatu akuluakulu otani omwe GCS imagoletsa ndi ati?
Dokotala amaika chigoli cha GCS kutengera mayankho a wodwalayo m'magawo atatu akuluakulu. Chigoli chonse cha GCS chimawerengedwa powonjezera madera atatuwa pamodzi.
1. Yankho la Maso (E): Izi zimayesa makamaka momwe munthuyo alili maso komanso tcheru.
2. Kuyankha Pakamwa (V): Izi zimayesa ntchito za ubongo monga luso la munthu loganiza, kukumbukira, komanso kuzindikira dziko lozungulira iye.
3. Kuyankha kwa Mayendedwe (M): Izi zimayesa momwe ubongo ungalamulire minofu, kutsatira malangizo, komanso ngati dongosolo la mitsempha likugwira ntchito bwino.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe tingagolere gawo lililonse mwa magawo awa.
| Yankho | Momwe mungayang'anire ndi kufotokozera | Chogoli |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Yankho la Maso (E) | ||
| Mwadzidzidzi | Popanda kuchita chilichonse, wodwalayo amakhala maso ake otseguka. | 4 |
| Mukalankhula ndi | Amatsegula maso awo akamatchulidwa dzina lawo kapena akamva china chake. | 3 |
| Kwa ululu/kupanikizika | Msomali ukakanikizidwa pang'ono (kukanikiza kumayikidwa), maso amatseguka. | 2 |
| Palibe yankho. | Palibe njira yoti mutsegule maso anu. | 1 |
| 2. Yankho la Pakamwa (V) | ||
| Ndi kumvetsetsa | Akafunsidwa kuti ndi ndani, ali kuti, komanso tsiku lawo lili bwanji, amayankha molondola. | 5 |
| Mosokonezeka | Akulankhula, koma sakudziwa komwe ali kapena zomwe zachitika. Akulankhula mosokonezeka. | 4 |
| Mawu osayenera | Amalankhula, koma amanena mawu opanda tanthauzo omwe sakugwirizana ndi funso lomwe likufunsidwa. | 3 |
| Mawu osamveka | Salankhula mawu, koma amangopanga mawu opanda tanthauzo ngati kubuula. | 2 |
| Palibe yankho. | Sizipanga phokoso lililonse. | 1 |
| 3. Kuyankha kwa Magalimoto (M) | ||
| Kutsatira malangizo | Malangizo osavuta monga "kwezani dzanja lanu" ndi "tulutsani lilime lanu" amatsatiridwa bwino kwambiri. | 6 |
| Kuyang'ana kwambiri pa ululu | Munthu akakanikizidwa mbali ina ya thupi, amayesa kukhudza kapena kuchotsa malo opweteka. | 5 |
| Kuchotsa ululu | M'malo moyesa kukhudza malo opweteka, amayesetsa kudzipatula ku ululuwo. | 4 |
| Kupindika kosayenera | Poyankha ululu, ziwalo zimapinda mosazolowereka kupita pachifuwa. | 3 |
| Kutambasula kosayenera | Poyankha ululu, miyendo imawongoka ndi kutambasula mosadziwika bwino. | 2 |
| Palibe yankho. | Palibe kuyenda kwa thupi. | 1 |
Kodi njira yatsopano yotchedwa GCS-P ndi iti?
Posachedwapa, njira ya GCS yapangidwanso ndipo chinthu chatsopano chotchedwa GCS-P chawonjezedwa. Pano, chilembo 'P' chikuyimira 'Pupil', kutanthauza mboni ya diso . Mmene wophunzirayo amayankhira kuwala kungathe kufotokoza zambiri zokhudza ntchito ya ubongo. Chifukwa chake, izi zikuyang'aniridwanso pamodzi ndi chigoli cha GCS.
- Zotsatira 0: Mphete zakuda m'maso onse awiri zimayankha kuwala.
- Zotsatira 1: Diso limodzi lokha ndi lomwe limayankha.
- Zotsatira 2: Palibe yankho m'maso onse awiri.
Zigoli izi zimachotsedwa pa zigoli zakale za GCS. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati zigoli za GCS ndi 3 ndipo palibe yankho m'maso onse awiri (zigoli 2), zigoli za GCS-P ndi 1 (3 - 2 = 1). Izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Kodi zizindikirozo zimati chiyani?
Chiwerengero cha zigoli za GCS chingapereke chithunzithunzi cha momwe wodwalayo alili.
- Ziwerengero zapamwamba kwambiri ndi 15. (E4 + V5 + M6 = 15). Izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira, amalankhula bwino, ndipo amadziwa bwino zomwe zili mkati mwake.
- Chigoli chotsika kwambiri ndi 3. (E1 + V1 + M1 = 3). Izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo ali mu chikomokere chachikulu, osayankha.
Kawirikawiri, chiŵerengero cha GCS cha 8 kapena kuchepera chimaonedwa ngati chikomokere. Chiŵerengerocho chikachepa, vutoli limakhala lalikulu kwambiri.
Pa kuvulala mutu, kuopsa kwa kuvulalako kumagawidwa malinga ndi chiwerengero cha GCS.
- Zigoli 13-15: Kuvulala pang'ono kwa ubongo - ngati kupweteka kwa mutu.
- Zotsatira 9-12: TBI yapakati.
- Zotsatira 3-8: TBI yoopsa.
Kodi ndiyenera kudziwa chiyani za chigoli cha GCS cha mwana wanga?
Ngati wachibale wanu kapena mnzanu ali m'chipatala ndipo madokotala akulankhula za zigoli za GCS, musachite mantha ndipo kumbukirani izi.
- Izi si zigoli zokha. Ngakhale kuti zigoli za GCS zimapereka lingaliro lomveka bwino la mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, pali zambiri zomwe zili kumbuyo kwake. Chifukwa chake, m'malo mongomvera zigoli, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe bwino momwe wodwalayo alili.
- GCS singagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina, zigoli za GCS sizingayesedwe molondola. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wina walumikizidwa ndi chopumira mpweya kuti chimuthandize kupuma, mayankho a mawu sangayesedwe. Komanso, ngati maso avulala, mayankho a maso sangawonekere.
- GCS si njira yokhayo yogwiritsira ntchito poneneratu za matenda. Ngakhale madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito zigoli za GCS poneneratu za matenda a wodwalayo, sayang'ana pa izo zokha. Amaganiziranso mayeso ena, monga CT scans, ndi thanzi la wodwalayo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Muyeso wa Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ndi njira yodziwika padziko lonse yowerengera zomwe zimayesa chikumbumtima cha munthu.
- Izi zimayesa mayankho kudzera m'maso, kulankhula, ndi mayendedwe a thupi.
- Ziwerengerozo zimayambira pa 3 (deep coma) mpaka 15 (full intelligence). Ziwerengero za 8 kapena kuchepera zimaonedwa kuti ndi zoopsa kwambiri.
- Mwa kuyang'ana pafupipafupi zigoli za GCS, madokotala amatha kumvetsetsa ngati matenda a wodwalayo akukulirakulira kapena akuipiraipira.
- Ngati mwadziwa za chiwerengero cha GCS cha wokondedwa wanu, musamangodandaula za chiwerengerocho. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ndipo mvetsetsani bwino vuto lonselo.
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