Mtumiki wapamwamba wa ubongo: Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza Glutamate!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe chidziwitso chimasamutsidwira mobwerezabwereza muubongo wanu? Tikaphunzira chinthu chatsopano, tikamakumbukira chinthu chakale, pali mthenga wa mankhwala wochepa koma wofunika kwambiri womwe umatithandiza kuchita zonsezi kuchokera kumbuyo. Ameneyo amatchedwa Glutamate . Ndipotu, popanda izo, ubongo wathu ukanakhala wosokonezeka. Chifukwa chake lero tikambirana za Glutamate iyi, ntchito zomwe imachita m'thupi lathu, makamaka muubongo, chifukwa chake ndi yofunika kwambiri, komanso mavuto omwe nthawi zina angabuke ngati kuchuluka kwake kukuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa. Mwachidule, tikambirana zonsezi mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Glutamate ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, Glutamate ndi neurotransmitter . Ganizirani ma neurotransmitter ngati amithenga ang'onoang'ono omwe amanyamula mauthenga pakati pa maselo amitsempha (ma neuron) muubongo mwathu. Awa ndi omwe amatumiza uthenga ndi zizindikiro kuchokera ku selo imodzi yamitsempha kupita ku ina.

Mu ubongo wathu, glutamate ndiye neurotransmitter yayikulu yolimbikitsa . "Excitatory" imatanthauza kuti imalimbikitsa selo ya mitsempha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "imaidzutsa." Kenako mwayi woti uthengawo upite ku selo yotsatira ya mitsempha umawonjezeka. Zili ngati kudzutsa munthu pogogoda pakhomo pake. Chifukwa chake, glutamate ndi yofunika kuti ubongo ugwire ntchito bwino.

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa momwe ndi komwe glutamate iyi imapangidwira. Glutamate imabwezeretsedwanso ndikupangidwanso muubongo mwathu ndi mtundu wapadera wa selo lotchedwa glial cells . Ma cell a Glial ndi mtundu wa selo lothandizira lomwe limathandiza, kudyetsa, ndikuteteza maselo amitsempha muubongo. Ma cell a glial awa amatenga glutamate yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuisintha kukhala chinthu china chotchedwa glutamine . Kenako, glutamine iyi ikafikanso kudera lomaliza la maselo amitsempha, imasandukanso glutamate. Kodi si njira yodabwitsa kwambiri?

Si zokhazo, koma glutamate ndi yofunika kwambiri popanga neurotransmitter ina yofunika kwambiri, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) . GABA imadziwika kuti neurotransmitter "yotonthoza". GABA imathandiza pa zinthu monga kugona, kupumula, kulamulira nkhawa, komanso kugwira ntchito kwa minofu. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale glutamate imalimbikitsa mbali imodzi, imathandizanso pakupanga chotonthoza mbali inayo.

Glutamate si neurotransmitter yokha. Ndi amino acid. Ma amino acid ndi omwe amapanga mapuloteni. Monga ma store. Glutamate ndi amino acid wochuluka kwambiri m'thupi lathu. M'thupi, Glutamate imapangidwa ndikusungidwa m'minofu.

Komanso, mwina mwamvapo za glutamate kwambiri chifukwa cha monosodium glutamate (MSG) yowonjezera chakudya. Glutamate imapezekanso mu MSG yowonjezera kukoma kwa chakudya.

Ndiye kodi glutamate iyi imagwira ntchito bwanji? Ndi zodabwitsa!

Ma neurotransmitter monga glutamate amapangidwa ndi maselo amitsempha okha. Amasungidwa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono otchedwa synaptic vesicles pa axon terminal ya nerve cell. Ganizirani izi ngati thovu laling'ono. Thovu limodzi likhoza kukhala ndi mamolekyu ambirimbiri a neurotransmitter awa!

Tsopano, uthenga kapena chizindikiro chikayenda pa selo ya mitsempha, mphamvu yamagetsi ya chizindikirocho imapangitsa kuti ma vesicles ang'onoang'ono odzazidwa ndi glutamate atseguke ndikutulutsa glutamate mu mpata wodzaza ndi madzi wotchedwa synapse pakati pa maselo awiri a mitsempha. Uli ngati mlatho. Kumbali ina ya mpata uwu kuli selo yotsatira ya mitsempha. Tsopano glutamate iyi iyenera kupita ndi kumangirira ku ma receptors apadera pa selo ina ya mitsempha yomwe imalandira uthengawo. Uli ngati kiyi yomangirira mu loko. Ikalumikizidwa, glutamate imayambitsa kusintha kapena kuchitapo kanthu mu selo yotsatira ya mitsempha. Pamenepo ndi pamene uthengawo umapitirira kuyenda kuchokera ku selo ya mitsempha kupita ku selo ya mitsempha.

Mosiyana ndi ma neurotransmitter ena ambiri, glutamate imatha kumangirira ku ma receptor anayi osiyanasiyana ! Taganizirani izi ngati kutsegula ma loko anayi ndi kiyi imodzi yayikulu. Luso limeneli limalola glutamate kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana muubongo wonse ndikulumikizana ndi maselo ena amitsempha. Glutamate imayang'anira zoposa 90% ya ntchito yotsitsimula muubongo wa munthu. Kodi mungaganizire kufunika kwake?

Mkati mwa ubongo wathu, maselo amitsempha amasonkhana kuti apange ma circuits ang'onoang'ono. Ma circuits ang'onoang'ono awa amathandiza pa ntchito zazing'ono monga kukumbukira zokumbukira. Ndipo, ma network akuluakulu komanso ochulukirapo amathandiza pa ntchito zazikulu komanso zovuta monga kuwona, kumva, ndi kusuntha. Glutamate ndiye neurotransmitter yayikulu yomwe imanyamula mauthenga a mankhwala kudzera m'ma circuits ndi ma network awa. Momwe glutamate imagwirira ntchito pa synapse pakati pa maselo amitsempha imalimbitsa kapena kufooketsa chizindikiro cholumikizirana pakati pa maselo awa. Zimakhudza mwachindunji momwe ntchito yoyenera imachitikira. Ngati glutamate situlutsidwa panthawi yoyenera, m'malo oyenera, komanso pamlingo woyenera, kulumikizana kumasokonekera. Mofananamo, ngati glutamate yakwera kwambiri, imatha kuwononga maselo amitsempha ndikuwononga netiweki yolumikizirana yokha.

Kodi glutamate imapereka chithandizo chotani ku thupi lathu?

Nazi zina mwa ntchito zofunika zomwe glutamate imachita m'thupi lathu:

• Kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira:Monga tanenera kale, chifukwa imatha kuyanjana ndi ma receptor anayi osiyanasiyana, glutamate ili ndi mwayi waukulu wotumiza mauthenga bwino komanso mwachangu pakati pa maselo amitsempha. Kusinthana kwachangu kwa zizindikiro ndi kukonza chidziwitso ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuphunzira ndi kukumbukira. Sikuti kokha, komanso glutamate imalola maselo amitsempha kulumikizana chidziwitso chogwirizana. Ichi ndiye maziko a kukumbukira. Taganizirani izi, mukaphunzira china chatsopano, njira zatsopano zimapangidwa muubongo.
• Gwero la mphamvu la maselo a muubongo: Pamene shuga, gwero lalikulu la mphamvu m'thupi lathu, lili lochepa, glutamate imatha kupereka mphamvu ku maselo a muubongo. Zili ngati mphamvu yowonjezera.
• Mtumiki wa mankhwala: Iyi ndiyo ntchito yake yaikulu. Glutamate imathandiza kutumiza mauthenga a mankhwala pakati pa maselo a mitsempha.
• Kusamalira nthawi yogona ndi kudzuka: Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa nyama, kuchuluka kwa glutamate kumakhala kwakukulu tikakhala maso komanso panthawi ya ``Rapid Eye Movement'' (REM) gaming of sleep. Kugona bwino ndikofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wathanzi.
• Chizindikiro cha ululu: Pali mgwirizano pakati pa kuchuluka kwa glutamate ndi kuchuluka kwa kumva ululu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tikavulala, zimathandizanso kufalitsa ululuwo ku ubongo.

Kodi glutamate imawonjezeka bwanji muubongo wathu?

Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa glutamate muubongo wathu kumatha kukhala kokwera kwambiri. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo izi:

• Kutulutsidwa kwakukulu kwa glutamate kuchokera ku maselo a mitsempha.
• Glutamate imatulutsidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku maselo a glial muubongo, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa glutamate muubongo.
• Glutamate wochuluka amakhalabe m'malo ochepa pakati pa maselo amitsempha (synapse). Kenako, ma glutamate receptors ambiri amakhalabe akugwira ntchito, ndipo maselo amitsempha amatha kupitiriza kusonkhezeredwa.
• Ma receptors omwe ali m'maselo a mitsempha amakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi glutamate. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono a glutamate amapangidwa kuti awalimbikitse.

Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati glutamate ikuwonjezeka? Izi ndi zoopsa!

Ngati kuchuluka kwa glutamate muubongo kukuchulukirachulukira, maselo amitsempha amatha kusonkhezeredwa kwambiri. Kusonkhezeredwa kumeneku kumatha kuwononga kapena kupha maselo a ubongo . Pankhaniyi, glutamate imatchedwa excitotoxin . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, imagwira ntchito ngati cholimbikitsa komanso poizoni nthawi imodzi.

Kuchuluka kwa glutamate muubongo kwagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - matenda a Lou Gehrig):Pankhaniyi, minofu imafooka pang'onopang'ono.
• Multiple Sclerosis: Matenda omwe amakhudza mitsempha.
• Matenda a Alzheimer: Mwina munamvapo za matendawa, matenda ofala omwe amayambitsa kulephera kukumbukira.
• Matenda a Parkinson: Amakhudza mayendedwe a thupi, zizindikiro monga kugwedezeka kwa miyendo zimatha kuoneka.
• Matenda a Huntington: Matenda obadwa nawo omwe amawononga maselo a ubongo.
• Stroke: Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa magazi kupita ku ubongo.
• Fibromyalgia: Imayambitsa ululu ndi kutopa thupi lonse.
• Matenda a kutopa kosatha: Kutopa kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.

Palinso mavuto amisala omwe amaganiziridwa kuti amayamba chifukwa cha mavuto opanga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito glutamate:

• Matenda a maganizo ndi nkhawa .
• Matenda amisala .
• Kuvutika maganizo .
• Matenda okakamiza kwambiri (OCD) ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi maganizo ndi zochita zosafunikira .
Schizophrenia ndi vuto la maganizo .

Chofunika: Ngakhale kusalinganika kwa glutamate kungakhale chifukwa chimodzi cha matenda amenewa, awa ndi matenda ovuta omwe angakhale ndi zifukwa zina zambiri. Dokotala yekha ndi amene angadziwe bwino matendawa.

Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati glutamate yachepa?

Kupatula kuchulukitsa kwa glutamate, kuchepa kwa glutamate muubongo nakonso ndi vuto. Akuganiza kuti izi zitha kubweretsa zotsatirazi:

• Kuvutika kuganizira kwambiri : Kuvutika kuganizira kwambiri ntchito kapena kuphunzira.
• Kutopa kwa maganizo : Ubongo umamva kutopa kwambiri.
• Kusowa tulo : Kuvutika kugona usiku.
• Mphamvu yochepa : Kumva ngati palibe chomwe chilipo.

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kotero, mwina tsopano mukumvetsa kufunika komanso kufunika kwa glutamate ya neurotransmitter pa ubongo wathu ndi dongosolo lathu la mitsempha. Glutamate imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa ubongo wathu, makamaka pakupanga zinthu monga kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira.

Koma chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti glutamate iyenera kupezeka panthawi yoyenera, pamalo oyenera, komanso m'magulu oyenera.Ngati glutamate imapezeka mu ubongo, pamalo olakwika, pamalo okwera kwambiri, kwa nthawi yayitali, imatha kuwononga kapena kupha maselo a ubongo. Matenda ena owononga mitsempha omwe takambirana, monga matenda a Parkinson, matenda a Alzheimer, ndi matenda a Huntington, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukondoweza kwa maselo amitsempha mopitirira muyeso. Mavuto opanga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito glutamate amathanso kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mavuto azaumoyo wamaganizo, monga autism, kuvutika maganizo, ndi schizophrenia.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za mankhwala odabwitsa awa omwe ali m'thupi lathu. Ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse kapena kukayikira za izi, ndi bwino kufunsa upangiri wa dokotala. Chifukwa kusunga zonsezi moyenera ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wathanzi.

` Glutamate, Ubongo, Chotumiza Mitsempha, Kukumbukira, Kuphunzira, MSG, Thanzi la Maganizo, Matenda a Mitsempha