Kodi muli ndi khansa m'kamwa mwanu? (Khansa Yovuta Pakamwa) - Tiyeni tidziwe izi!

Kodi munayamba mwaonapo chinthu chachilendo, monga chilonda chomwe sichichira, pa mbali yolimba ya pakamwa panu, mbali yolimba yomwe timakhudza tikamalankhula kapena kudya? Mwina simunaganizirepo zambiri za icho. Koma, khansa yomwe imakula padenga la pakamwa panu, monga momwe madokotala amaitcha (Hard Palate Cancer) , ndi chinthu chomwe tiyenera kusamala nacho. Ngakhale kuti iyi ndi mtundu wa khansa wosowa kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi khansa yochepa ya pakamwa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti inu ndi ine tidziwe izi.

Kodi Khansa Yovuta ya Mkamwa ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, iyi ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'mbali yolimba ya pakamwa pathu, mkamwa mwathu. Mkamwa uwu umalekanitsa mkamwa mwathu ndi m'mphuno (malo omwe ali mkati mwa mphuno). Khansa iyi ikhoza kubwera m'mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu. Mtundu umodzi ndi wotchedwa `Squamous Cell Carcinoma` . Iyi imayamba m'maselo athyathyathya omwe ali mkati mwa pakamwa. Wina ndi mtundu wa khansa yokhudzana ndi ma glands a malovu `(Salivary Gland Cancer)` .

Taganizirani izi, zili ngati vuto laling'ono padenga la nyumba yathu lomwe lingawononge masewera onse. Denga la pakamwa pathu ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri kuti tilankhule ndi kudya. Ndicho chifukwa chake tiyenera kusamalira.

Iyi si khansa yofala kwambiri. Ngakhale m'maiko ngati United States, khansa ya mkamwa imakhala pafupifupi 3% ya khansa zonse. Pakati pa izi, 1% mpaka 5% yokha ndi khansa ya m'kamwa chapamwamba. Komabe, ngakhale kuti si yofala, zotsatira zake pa munthu ndi zazikulu.

Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zomwe tingakumane nazo pankhaniyi. Mwina inunso mwakumanapo ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri mwa izi.

• Chilonda padenga la pakamwa chomwe sichichira: Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu komanso chofala kwambiri. Ngati chimayamba ngati chilonda chaching'ono ndipo sichichira pakapita nthawi, muyenera kukayikira.
• Mpweya woipa (Halitosis): Ngati mukadali ndi fungo loipa pakamwa panu ngakhale mutatsuka ndi kutsuka pakamwa panu, chimenecho chingakhale chizindikiro.
• Kumva ngati mano anu akumasuka: Ngati mano anu akungomasuka pang'ono kapena akugwedezeka.
• Kwa iwo amene amavala mano obisika: Ngati muvala mano obisika, sangagwirizane bwino ndi mkamwa mwanu monga kale, ndipo angamveke omangika.
• Kuvuta kumeza (Dysphagia): Kumva kutsamwa kapena kuvutika kumeza chakudya kapena chakumwa.
• Chotupa pakhosi: Nthawi zina mungamve chotupa chaching'ono kapena chotupa chonga chotupa m'mbali mwa khosi lanu. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi kapena zingapo, chonde funsani upangiri wa dokotala . Musanyalanyaze.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa khansa imeneyi?

Malinga ndi ofufuza zachipatala, pali zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khansa yamtunduwu ikule:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya:Kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu, ndudu, beedis, ndi fodya wopanda utsi (monga fodya wotafuna) ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha izi.

2. Kumwa mowa: Kumwa mowa wambiri komanso pafupipafupi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa iyi.

"Ndipotu, ngati mumamwa mowa mukusuta, chiopsezochi chimawonjezeka kwambiri."

Ndi mavuto otani omwe angachitike ngati sanachiritsidwe?

Ngati matenda ngati amenewa sachiritsidwa bwino, sangokhalapo okha. Maselo a khansa amayamba kufalikira.

• Ikhoza kufalikira koyamba ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi.
• Kenako, imatha kufalikira mpaka m'njira za m'mphuno.
• Maselo a khansa omwe afika pa ma lymph nodes amatha kuyenda m'thupi lonse ndikupanga zotupa zatsopano, kapena metastases , m'ziwalo zina. Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, vutoli limakhala lalikulu kwambiri.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa?

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, iye adzakufunsani kaye za zizindikiro zanu. Mwachitsanzo:

• "Kodi muli ndi ululu padenga la pakamwa panu?"
• "Kuyambira liti unawona kusintha kulikonse pa bala limenelo?"
• "Kodi chikukulirakulira?"
• "Kodi bala likutuluka magazi?"
• "Kodi n'kovuta kumeza?"

Kuphatikiza apo, tingafunsenso za zina mwa zizolowezi zanu:

• "Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito fodya (ndudu, fodya wotafuna, ndi zina zotero)?"
• "Mumagwiritsa ntchito mowa wochuluka bwanji?"

Kenako, dokotala adzayang'ana mosamala mkati mwa pakamwa panu ndikumva zotupa m'khosi mwanu kuti awone ngati zatupa.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa pa izi?

Pambuyo pa zizindikiro ndi mayeso oyamba, mayeso angapo adzafunika kuchitidwa kuti atsimikizire matendawa ndikuwona kukula kwake.

1. Kuyesa kwa biopsy:

Iyi ndiye njira yaikulu yodziwira ngati ndi khansa kapena ayi. Chomwe chikuchitika apa ndikutenga chidutswa cha minofu kuchokera pachilonda kapena chotupa ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti muwone ngati pali maselo a khansa. Njirayi imachitidwa ndi madokotala apadera otchedwa `Medical Pathologists` . Pankhani ya khansa ya pakamwa lapamwamba, amawona ngati minofuyo ili ndi mawonekedwe a `Squamous Cell Carcinoma` ndi `Salivary Gland Cancer`.

Pali njira zingapo zochitira biopsy:

• `Fine Singano Yopumira`: Chitsanzo chaching'ono cha maselo chimachotsedwa pa chotupacho pogwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala ndi sirinji.
• `Kujambula Pachifuwa`: Bowo laling'ono limapangidwa mu chotupacho ndi chipangizo chapadera ndipo chidutswa cha minofu chimatengedwa.
• Kufufuza kwa Chotupa: Kuduladula pang'ono kumapangidwa ndipo chidutswa cha minofu chimachotsedwa pa chotupacho ndi scalpel.

2. Mayeso Ojambula:

Ngati biopsy ikutsimikizira kuti ndi khansa, mayesowa amachitidwa kuti aone kukula kwa khansayo komanso momwe yafalikira.

• `Kujambula kwa Tomography (CT)` (Kujambula kwa CT):Izi zimatithandiza kuona bwino kukula kwa khansa, kaya yafalikira mpaka ku fupa la chigaza, kapena ngati yafalikira mpaka ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi.
• `Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan` (PET scan): Izi zimathandiza kudziwa ngati khansa yafalikira osati ku ma lymph nodes okha m'khosi, komanso kumadera akutali a thupi, monga mapapo.

Kodi magawo a khansa ya pachibelekero ndi ati?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zapezeka mu mayeso (biopsy, scans) omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa kuti adziwe gawo la khansa. Izi zimatchedwa cancer staging . Mwachidule, zimakuuzani momwe khansa yakulira komanso momwe yafalikira. Mtundu womwewo wa staging system umagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya khansa ya mkamwa.

Pachifukwa ichi, njira yotchedwa njira ya `TNM` imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• T (Chotupa): Izi zikutanthauza kukula ndi malo a chotupacho. Zimawonanso kuzama kwa chotupacho m'thupi ('kuya kwa kuukira').
• N (Ma Node): Izi zimakuuzani ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph node apafupi, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, mpaka pati.
• M (Metastasis): Izi zikutanthauza ngati khansa yafalikira (yafalikira) kumadera akutali a thupi (monga mapapo, chiwindi, mafupa) kuyambira pomwe idayambira.

Milandu ya chotupa chomwe chimatchulidwa ndi kalata T:

• Tis `(Carcinoma in situ)`: Iyi ndi gawo loyambirira. Maselo a khansa amakhala mu minofu imodzi yokha.
• T1: Chotupacho chili ndi masentimita awiri kapena kuchepera. Kuzama kwa kulowa mu minofu ndi mamilimita asanu kapena kuchepera.
• T2: Chotupacho chili ndi kukula kwa pakati pa masentimita 2 ndi 4. Kuzama kwa kulowa m'thupi kuli pakati pa mamilimita 5 ndi 10.
• T3: Chotupacho ndi chachikulu kuposa masentimita 4, kapena chakula mozama kuposa mamilimita 10 mu minofu.
• T4: Chotupacho chafalikira ku mafupa apafupi (monga chigaza, mafupa a mphuno).

Magawo ofunikira mu manambala (Magawo I-IV):

Tsopano, magawo akuluakulu awa amatsimikiziridwa ndi kusonkhanitsa chidziwitso cha `TNM`.

• Gawo Loyamba: Chotupacho chili pa mulingo wa T1 (chosakwana 2 cm, chochepera 5 mm kuya). Sichinafalikire ku ma lymph nodes kapena malo akutali.
• Gawo Lachiwiri: Chotupacho chili pa mulingo wa T2 (2-4 cm, kuya kwa 5-10 mm). Sichinafalikire mpaka ku ma lymph nodes kapena malo akutali.
• Gawo Lachitatu: Chotupacho chingakhale T3 (chokulirapo kuposa 4 cm, kapena kuzama kuposa 10 mm), kapena chingakhale T1 kapena T2, koma chafalikira ku node imodzi yokha yapafupi (yomwe iyeneranso kukhala yocheperapo kuposa 3 cm). Sichinafalikire kumalo akutali.
• Gawo Lachinayi: Izi zagawidwa m'magawo atatu (IVa, IVb, IVc).
• IVa: Chotupacho chili pamlingo wa T4a (kufalikira ku mafupa ozungulira, khungu, ndi zina zotero) kapena chafalikira ku ma node angapo, kapena chafalikira ku node yayikulu. Koma sichinafalikire kupitirira mphuno.
• IVb:Khansa yafalikira kupitirira chigaza, kapena m'malo akuya a khosi, monga minofu ndi minyewa, kapena ili pamlingo wa T4b (yafalikira pansi pa chigaza, kuzungulira mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi m'khosi).
• IVc: Khansa yafalikira kupitirira mafupa a m'kamwa ndi pakhosi kupita ku ziwalo zakutali m'thupi (monga mapapo).

Njira yokonzekerayi ingawoneke ngati yovuta pang'ono. Koma musadandaule. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani zonse. Ngati pali chilichonse chomwe simukumvetsa, musaope kufunsanso.

Kodi izi zimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chachikulu cha khansa ya pachibelekero ndi opaleshoni yochotsa chotupacho. Ngati khansayo yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi, ma lymph nodes amenewo angafunikenso kuchotsedwa opaleshoni.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya opaleshoni:

1. Kuchotsa Maxillectomy: Iyi ndi opaleshoni yochotsera chotupa cha khansa padenga la pakamwa. Nthawi zina, kudula pang'ono kungapangidwe padenga la pakamwa kuti kuchotse chotupacho. Komabe, ngati chotupacho ndi chachikulu, gawo kapena denga lonse la pakamwa lingafunike kuchotsedwa. Kuti adzaze mpata womwe watsala pochotsa chotupachi, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mbale yapadera ya acrylic yotchedwa `palatal plate` (yofanana ndi mano opangidwa). Kapena, amatenga minofu kuchokera ku gawo lina la thupi (monga mkono kapena mwendo) ndikudzaza mpatawo (izi zimatchedwa `opaleshoni ya flap`).

2. Kuduladula khosi: Popeza khansa ya pachibelekero imatha kufalikira ku ma lymph node m'khosi, ndipo ngati itatero, imatha kufalikira m'thupi lonse, madokotala nthawi zina amachotsa ma lymph node ena kapena onse m'khosi.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi zotsatirapo zake pa chithandizo

Pali mavuto ena omwe angachitike ndi opaleshoni. Ndi bwinonso kudziwa izi:

• Kuvuta kulankhula, kumeza, ndi kudya: Pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya mkamwa wosweka, zingakhale zovuta kutafuna ndi kumeza chakudya. Mungakhalenso ndi vuto lolankhula. Izi zingafunike opaleshoni yowonjezera kapena chithandizo cha kulankhula.
• Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha: Pa opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa pakhosi, mitsempha ina yozungulira ikhoza kuwonongeka.

Nthawi zina, kuwonjezera pa opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation kapena chemotherapy chingaperekedwe, kutengera gawo la khansa ndi zinthu zina.

Kodi khansa iyi ingapewedwe?

Ngakhale kuti n'zosatheka kupewa zonsezi, pali zinthu zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezochi. Tiyeni tonse tizikumbukira izi:

• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito fodya: Ngati mukusuta ndudu kapena mukugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya fodya, yesani kusiya . Ngati mukufuna thandizo pa izi, lankhulani ndi dokotala ndipo mudziwe za mapulogalamu omwe alipo.
• Chepetsani mowa:Ngati mumamwa mowa nthawi zonse, chepetsani kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mowa womwe mumamwa. Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto ndi mowa, funsani upangiri wa dokotala pankhaniyi.
• Zakudya zabwino: Idyani zakudya zoyenera komanso zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri.
• Kuyezetsa mano nthawi zonse: Dokotala wa mano amakuyezetsa pakamwa kamodzi pachaka. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyezetsa khansa ya mkamwa zaka zitatu zilizonse kwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 40, komanso chaka chilichonse kwa anthu azaka zopitirira 40.

Kodi khansa ya pachibelekero ingachiritsidwe?

Inde, imatha kuchiritsidwa . Makamaka kumayambiriro, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngati chotupacho chapezeka ali wamng'ono, pali mwayi waukulu wochira kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni. Komabe, ngati chotupacho ndi chachikulu ndipo chafalikira, chithandizo chimakhala chovuta pang'ono. Komanso, ngakhale chitachiritsidwa pambuyo pa chithandizo, nthawi zina khansa iyi imatha 'kubwereranso' patatha zaka zambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kupitiliza kupita kukayezetsa kuchipatala.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji? Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ndikalandira chithandizo?

Ngati muli ndi khansa ya pakamwa, mungafunike thandizo pothana ndi mavuto ena (monga kuvutika kumeza) mutalandira chithandizo. Izi zingaphatikizepo thandizo kuchokera kwa akatswiri azakudya ndi akatswiri olankhula.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikupita kukayezetsa kuchipatala nthawi zonse . Izi ndizofunikira kuti muwone ngati khansa yabwereranso komanso kuti muwone thanzi lanu lonse.

Malinga ndi malangizo a National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), kuyezetsa magazi kuyenera kupitilira kwa zaka zosachepera 10 chithandizo chitatha. Nayi ndondomeko ya tsiku ndi tsiku:

• Chaka choyamba: Kamodzi pa mwezi uliwonse mpaka miyezi itatu.
• Chaka chachiwiri: Miyezi iwiri kapena isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.
• Kuyambira chaka chachisanu mpaka chakhumi: Kamodzi pachaka.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Mungathe kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso monga awa:

• "Kodi chotupa ichi chingachotsedwe mwa opaleshoni?"
• "Opaleshoniyi idzandikhudza bwanji?"
• "Kodi opaleshoniyi idzandichiritsa kwathunthu?"
• "Kodi ndiyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni yoposa imodzi?"
• "Ndi mankhwala ena ati omwe ndingafunike?"

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Khansa ya mkamwa yolimba ndi matenda osowa koma omwe angakhale oopsa. Kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga zilonda pakamwa zomwe sizichira, kuvutika kumeza, kapena kupuma movutikira, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo . Ngati zapezeka msanga, opaleshoni nthawi zambiri imatha kuchiritsa vutoli. Ndikofunikanso kuyesedwa nthawi zonse mukatha kulandira chithandizo. Samalani thanzi lanu.

Khansa Yovuta Pakamwa , Khansa Yam'kamwa Yapamwamba, Khansa Yam'kamwa, Khansa ya Ma cell a Squamous, Khansa ya Matumbo a M'kamwa, Zizindikiro za Khansa