Skip to main content

Tiyeni tiphunzire za vuto lachilendo la kuyenda tulo ndi kudya (Sleep-Related Eating Disorder)

Tiyeni tiphunzire za vuto lachilendo la kuyenda tulo ndi kudya (Sleep-Related Eating Disorder)

Kodi munadzukapo m'mawa n’kupita kukhitchini n’kupeza kuti pali jamu kapena batala paliponse, ndipo mbale zili mu sinki? Kapena kodi winawake kunyumba anakuuzanipo kuti, "Munadzuka usiku n’kutsegula firiji n’kudya chakudya"? Koma simukukumbukira. Ngakhale kuti izi zingawoneke ngati maloto, kwenikweni zingakhale matenda omwe amafunika chithandizo.

Mwachidule, kodi kudya mopanda kugona mokwanira (SRED) n’chiyani?

Izi ndi zomwe madokotala amati Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugona (SRED) . Mwachidule, iyi ndi khalidwe losazolowereka lomwe limachitika munthu akagona. Madokotala amatcha matenda oterewa kuti `(Parasomnia)`. Munthu amene ali ndi SRED amadzuka pakati pa usiku, amakonza chakudya, amadya, ndipo nthawi zina amamwa. Koma chinthu chachilendo kwambiri n'chakuti, akadzuka m'mawa, sakumbukira chilichonse mwa izi. Dokotala wanu angatchulenso kuti `(Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugona ndi Kugona kwa Usiku - NS-RED)`.

Si bwino kungonyalanyaza izi ngati chizolowezi chachilendo. Chifukwa zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri. Tangoganizirani momwe zingakhalire kuti mungadzitenthe nokha mukayatsa chitofu mu tulo, kapena kudula dzanja lanu mukudula ndiwo zamasamba ndi mpeni. Anthu ena angadye zinthu zomwe siziyenera kudyedwa, kapena zomwe zili ndi poizoni. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za vutoli ndi ziti?

Ngati mukudabwa ngati muli ndi vutoli, onani zizindikiro izi. Tiyeni tiwone tebulo ili kuti timvetse bwino.

Chizindikiro Zimatanthauza chiyani?
Kudya mopitirira muyeso chifukwa cha tulo Kudya chakudya chochuluka munthawi yochepa (kudya kwambiri). Ichi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chakudya chokhala ndi ma calories ambiri. Izi zingayambitse kulephera kudya m'mawa, kumva kukhuta, komanso kusadya chakudya cham'mawa.
Kutaya kukumbukira chochitikacho Anthu ambiri sakumbukira nthawi yomwe anadzuka pabedi usiku n’kudya. Ena sakumbukira bwino, koma zimamveka ngati maloto.
Kudya zinthu zomwe siziyenera kudyedwa Mungadye zinthu zachilendo zomwe simungadyere limodzi nthawi zambiri (monga kudya sambal ndi shuga). Mungayesedwenso kudya zinthu zosadyedwa komanso zapoizoni, monga khofi wophikidwa, nyama yaiwisi, ndi ndudu.

Kodi zinthu zimenezi zimachitika bwanji?

Kudya tulo kumeneku kungachitike usiku uliwonse, kapena nthawi zina. Kwa anthu ena, kumachitika kangapo usiku womwewo.

Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'maola oyamba titagona, panthawi ya tulo tofa nato (NREM - kugona kosafulumira kwa maso). N'zovuta kwambiri kudzutsa munthu akamadya. Ali mu mkhalidwe wosintha kwa chidziwitso. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikumuwongolera pang'onopang'ono kubwerera ku bedi.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Kodi zifukwa zake zingakhale zotani?

Ngakhale kuti chifukwa chenicheni chomwe izi zimachitikira sichinapezeke, kafukufuku wapeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze izi.

  • Matenda ena omwe amayambitsa matendawa: Matenda ena (monga `Encephalitis` - kutupa kwa ubongo, `Hepatitis` - kutupa kwa chiwindi) angayambitse izi.
  • Mavuto azaumoyo wamaganizo: Zinthu monga kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri, nkhawa , kuvutika maganizo , matenda ena okhudzana ndi kudya, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zingakhudze.
  • Kusintha kwa moyo: Tangoganizirani ngati ndinu wosuta fodya, vutoli lingachitike ngati mwadzidzidzi mwasiya kusuta kapena mwayamba kuchepetsa thupi.
  • Zotsatirapo za mankhwala ena: Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha mankhwala ena, makamaka mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, ma benzodiazepine, ndi mankhwala ena a matenda amisala.

Mavuto ena ogona okhudzana ndi SRED

Nthawi zina, SRED imachitika chifukwa cha vuto lina la kugona.

  • `Circadian rhythm sleep disorders` (kusokoneza kapangidwe ka thupi la kugona mwachibadwa)
  • Kugona tulo topitirira muyeso masana (narcolepsy)
  • `Periodic ligament movement disorder` (kugwedeza miyendo mosadzifunira panthawi yogona)
  • Matenda a miyendo yosakhazikika (kusamva bwino kwa miyendo mukagona)
  • Kulephera kupuma bwino (kulephera kupuma bwino mukamagona)
  • 'Kuyenda Pogona'

Mavuto ogona amenewa amatha kuchitika m'mabanja. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi mavuto otere, inunso muli pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a SRED.

Chofunika ndichakuti, ichi si vuto lanu. Ichi si chifukwa chochitira manyazi. Ichi ndi matenda omwe angathe kuthandizidwa ndi chithandizo.

Kodi zoopsa ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike ndi ziti?

Mwina mukudzifunsa kuti, "Kodi kuopsa kwa kudya tulo ndi kotani?" Koma izi zitha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zoopsa.

  • Zoopsa zakuthupi: Pali chiopsezo chodula chinthu ndi mpeni muli mtulo ndikudula dzanja lanu , kapena kuyatsa chitofu ndikudziwotcha nokha .
  • Kuopsa kwa chakudya: Mungathe kudwala matenda a chiwindi chifukwa chodya zinthu zosaphika (nyama yaiwisi, mazira osaphika).
  • Kumeza zinthu zina: Kumeza zinthu zosadyedwa kungayambitse poizoni .

Kuonjezera pa izi, palinso chinthu china choopsa chomwe chingachitike. Tangoganizirani ngati mwayatsa chitofu cha gasi mukugona ndipo mwaiwala kuchizimitsa, kapena ngati mwayika chinthu chomwe chingagwire moto mosavuta pamwamba pa chitofu chomwe chayatsidwa kale, kodi pali mwayi wotani woyatsa moto ?

Komanso, m'kupita kwa nthawi, vutoli lingayambitse mavuto ena azaumoyo.

  • Kulemera ndi kunenepa kwambiri
  • Kuvutika maganizo
  • Kutopa ndi kugona masana

Kodi dokotala amapeza bwanji izi?

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu. Popeza simungakumbukire zomwe zinachitika usiku, mungafunenso kufunsa munthu wina kunyumba (wa m'banja lanu, mnzanu) za izi.

Kenako, adzadziwa ngati chifukwa chake ndi matenda ena kapena mankhwala omwe mukumwa. Mungapemphedwe kuti mulembe "buku lolembamo za kugona" kwa milungu ingapo. Izi zikutanthauza kulemba nthawi yomwe mumagona, nthawi yomwe mumadzuka, momwe mumamvera mukadzuka, komanso chakudya chilichonse chomwe mukudziwa kuti mudadya usiku.

Ngati mukufuna kufufuza zambiri za izi, mungatumizidwe ku "kafukufuku wa kugona." Izi zimachitika ku malo apadera, komwe thupi lanu ndi ubongo wanu zimayang'aniridwa pamene mukugona.

Kodi imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Njira yochizira imadalira chomwe chikuyambitsa vuto lanu la SRED.

  • Kusintha mankhwala: Ngati chifukwa chake ndi mankhwala omwe mukumwa, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti musiye, musinthe, kapena muchepetse mlingo. Musasiye kapena kusintha mankhwala nokha.
  • Kuchiza matenda ena: Ngati vuto lina la matenda kapena vuto la maganizo ndilo chifukwa chake, chithandizo choyenera chingathandize kuchepetsa SRED.
  • Chitani zinthu zodzitetezera: Pamene mukuyembekezera zotsatira za chithandizo chanu, ndikofunikira kupewa ngozi. Mutha kuyika maloko pa firiji ndi makabati komwe mumasungira chakudya, kupachika belu laling'ono pakhomo la khitchini kapena pakhomo la chipinda chanu chogona, ndi zina zotero. Ndibwinonso kuchotsa zinthu zilizonse zomwe zingakulepheretseni paulendo wochokera pabedi kupita kukhitchini.

Kusintha kwa moyo ndi kugona bwino (Ukhondo wa Kugona)

Nthawi zina, kusintha pang'ono moyo wathu kungathandize kuti tulo tathu tigone bwino komanso kuti tithetse vutoli.

  • Pewani kupsinjika maganizo: Yesani zinthu monga yoga ndi kusinkhasinkha.
  • Pewani zinthu izi musanagone: zakumwa zokhala ndi caffeine monga khofi ndi tiyi, kuyang'ana mafoni/tab/TV, komanso kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.
  • Khazikitsani nthawi yogona nthawi zonse: Khalani ndi chizolowezi chogona ndi kudzuka nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse.

Anthu ena amapatsidwa mankhwala monga mankhwala oletsa serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amalembedwa pa matenda a kuvutika maganizo. Amathandiza kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala otchedwa serotonin mu ubongo, zomwe zimathandiza kuwongolera momwe munthu akumvera komanso momwe amagona.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukukayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti mukudya mogona, musachedwe ndi kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimakhudza thanzi lanu komanso chitetezo cha ena m'banja mwanu. Choncho musatenge izi mopepuka. Munthu wabwino kwambiri amene angakuthandizeni ndi dokotala wanu.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

  • Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kudya Okhudzana ndi Kugona (SRED) si maloto chabe, ndi matenda enieni omwe amafunika chithandizo.
  • Ngati izi sizinyalanyazidwa, ngozi zazikulu monga kupsa, kudula, kupha poizoni, ndi moto zingachitike.
  • Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena mankhwala omwe mukumwa, choncho musachite manyazi nazo.
  • Ndi chithandizo choyenera, vutoli lingathe kuthetsedwa pafupifupi kwathunthu.
  • Ngati muli ndi kukayikira pang'ono pa izi, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuchita ndikulankhula ndi dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.

Kudya tulo, SRED, kudya tulo, parasomnia, mavuto ogona, kuyenda tulo, vuto la tulo, ukhondo wa tulo, chithandizo cha kudya tulo, vuto la kudya lokhudzana ndi tulo Sinhala

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Kodi zinthu zimenezi zimachitika bwanji?

Kudya tulo kumeneku kungachitike usiku uliwonse, kapena nthawi zina. Kwa anthu ena, kumachitika kangapo usiku womwewo.

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Palibe ndemanga zomwe zatumizidwa pano. Onjezani ndemanga yanu pano koyamba.

Onjezani ndemanga yanu

Chonde werengani: 3 + 4 =
Tiyeni tiphunzire za vuto lachilendo la kuyenda tulo ndi kudya (Sleep-Related Eating Disorder)

Tiyeni tiphunzire za vuto lachilendo la kuyenda tulo ndi kudya (Sleep-Related Eating Disorder)

Kodi munadzukapo m'mawa n’kupita kukhitchini n’kupeza kuti pali jamu kapena batala paliponse, ndipo mbale zili mu sinki? Kapena kodi winawake kunyumba anakuuzanipo kuti, "Munadzuka usiku n’kutsegula firiji n’kudya chakudya"? Koma simukukumbukira. Ngakhale kuti izi zingawoneke ngati maloto, kwenikweni zingakhale matenda omwe amafunika chithandizo.

Mwachidule, kodi kudya mopanda kugona mokwanira (SRED) n’chiyani?

Izi ndi zomwe madokotala amati Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugona (SRED) . Mwachidule, iyi ndi khalidwe losazolowereka lomwe limachitika munthu akagona. Madokotala amatcha matenda oterewa kuti `(Parasomnia)`. Munthu amene ali ndi SRED amadzuka pakati pa usiku, amakonza chakudya, amadya, ndipo nthawi zina amamwa. Koma chinthu chachilendo kwambiri n'chakuti, akadzuka m'mawa, sakumbukira chilichonse mwa izi. Dokotala wanu angatchulenso kuti `(Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugona ndi Kugona kwa Usiku - NS-RED)`.

Si bwino kungonyalanyaza izi ngati chizolowezi chachilendo. Chifukwa zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri. Tangoganizirani momwe zingakhalire kuti mungadzitenthe nokha mukayatsa chitofu mu tulo, kapena kudula dzanja lanu mukudula ndiwo zamasamba ndi mpeni. Anthu ena angadye zinthu zomwe siziyenera kudyedwa, kapena zomwe zili ndi poizoni. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za vutoli ndi ziti?

Ngati mukudabwa ngati muli ndi vutoli, onani zizindikiro izi. Tiyeni tiwone tebulo ili kuti timvetse bwino.

Chizindikiro Zimatanthauza chiyani?
Kudya mopitirira muyeso chifukwa cha tulo Kudya chakudya chochuluka munthawi yochepa (kudya kwambiri). Ichi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chakudya chokhala ndi ma calories ambiri. Izi zingayambitse kulephera kudya m'mawa, kumva kukhuta, komanso kusadya chakudya cham'mawa.
Kutaya kukumbukira chochitikacho Anthu ambiri sakumbukira nthawi yomwe anadzuka pabedi usiku n’kudya. Ena sakumbukira bwino, koma zimamveka ngati maloto.
Kudya zinthu zomwe siziyenera kudyedwa Mungadye zinthu zachilendo zomwe simungadyere limodzi nthawi zambiri (monga kudya sambal ndi shuga). Mungayesedwenso kudya zinthu zosadyedwa komanso zapoizoni, monga khofi wophikidwa, nyama yaiwisi, ndi ndudu.

Kodi zinthu zimenezi zimachitika bwanji?

Kudya tulo kumeneku kungachitike usiku uliwonse, kapena nthawi zina. Kwa anthu ena, kumachitika kangapo usiku womwewo.

Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'maola oyamba titagona, panthawi ya tulo tofa nato (NREM - kugona kosafulumira kwa maso). N'zovuta kwambiri kudzutsa munthu akamadya. Ali mu mkhalidwe wosintha kwa chidziwitso. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikumuwongolera pang'onopang'ono kubwerera ku bedi.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Kodi zifukwa zake zingakhale zotani?

Ngakhale kuti chifukwa chenicheni chomwe izi zimachitikira sichinapezeke, kafukufuku wapeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze izi.

  • Matenda ena omwe amayambitsa matendawa: Matenda ena (monga `Encephalitis` - kutupa kwa ubongo, `Hepatitis` - kutupa kwa chiwindi) angayambitse izi.
  • Mavuto azaumoyo wamaganizo: Zinthu monga kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri, nkhawa , kuvutika maganizo , matenda ena okhudzana ndi kudya, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zingakhudze.
  • Kusintha kwa moyo: Tangoganizirani ngati ndinu wosuta fodya, vutoli lingachitike ngati mwadzidzidzi mwasiya kusuta kapena mwayamba kuchepetsa thupi.
  • Zotsatirapo za mankhwala ena: Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha mankhwala ena, makamaka mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, ma benzodiazepine, ndi mankhwala ena a matenda amisala.

Mavuto ena ogona okhudzana ndi SRED

Nthawi zina, SRED imachitika chifukwa cha vuto lina la kugona.

  • `Circadian rhythm sleep disorders` (kusokoneza kapangidwe ka thupi la kugona mwachibadwa)
  • Kugona tulo topitirira muyeso masana (narcolepsy)
  • `Periodic ligament movement disorder` (kugwedeza miyendo mosadzifunira panthawi yogona)
  • Matenda a miyendo yosakhazikika (kusamva bwino kwa miyendo mukagona)
  • Kulephera kupuma bwino (kulephera kupuma bwino mukamagona)
  • 'Kuyenda Pogona'

Mavuto ogona amenewa amatha kuchitika m'mabanja. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi mavuto otere, inunso muli pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a SRED.

Chofunika ndichakuti, ichi si vuto lanu. Ichi si chifukwa chochitira manyazi. Ichi ndi matenda omwe angathe kuthandizidwa ndi chithandizo.

Kodi zoopsa ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike ndi ziti?

Mwina mukudzifunsa kuti, "Kodi kuopsa kwa kudya tulo ndi kotani?" Koma izi zitha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zoopsa.

  • Zoopsa zakuthupi: Pali chiopsezo chodula chinthu ndi mpeni muli mtulo ndikudula dzanja lanu , kapena kuyatsa chitofu ndikudziwotcha nokha .
  • Kuopsa kwa chakudya: Mungathe kudwala matenda a chiwindi chifukwa chodya zinthu zosaphika (nyama yaiwisi, mazira osaphika).
  • Kumeza zinthu zina: Kumeza zinthu zosadyedwa kungayambitse poizoni .

Kuonjezera pa izi, palinso chinthu china choopsa chomwe chingachitike. Tangoganizirani ngati mwayatsa chitofu cha gasi mukugona ndipo mwaiwala kuchizimitsa, kapena ngati mwayika chinthu chomwe chingagwire moto mosavuta pamwamba pa chitofu chomwe chayatsidwa kale, kodi pali mwayi wotani woyatsa moto ?

Komanso, m'kupita kwa nthawi, vutoli lingayambitse mavuto ena azaumoyo.

  • Kulemera ndi kunenepa kwambiri
  • Kuvutika maganizo
  • Kutopa ndi kugona masana

Kodi dokotala amapeza bwanji izi?

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu. Popeza simungakumbukire zomwe zinachitika usiku, mungafunenso kufunsa munthu wina kunyumba (wa m'banja lanu, mnzanu) za izi.

Kenako, adzadziwa ngati chifukwa chake ndi matenda ena kapena mankhwala omwe mukumwa. Mungapemphedwe kuti mulembe "buku lolembamo za kugona" kwa milungu ingapo. Izi zikutanthauza kulemba nthawi yomwe mumagona, nthawi yomwe mumadzuka, momwe mumamvera mukadzuka, komanso chakudya chilichonse chomwe mukudziwa kuti mudadya usiku.

Ngati mukufuna kufufuza zambiri za izi, mungatumizidwe ku "kafukufuku wa kugona." Izi zimachitika ku malo apadera, komwe thupi lanu ndi ubongo wanu zimayang'aniridwa pamene mukugona.

Kodi imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Njira yochizira imadalira chomwe chikuyambitsa vuto lanu la SRED.

  • Kusintha mankhwala: Ngati chifukwa chake ndi mankhwala omwe mukumwa, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti musiye, musinthe, kapena muchepetse mlingo. Musasiye kapena kusintha mankhwala nokha.
  • Kuchiza matenda ena: Ngati vuto lina la matenda kapena vuto la maganizo ndilo chifukwa chake, chithandizo choyenera chingathandize kuchepetsa SRED.
  • Chitani zinthu zodzitetezera: Pamene mukuyembekezera zotsatira za chithandizo chanu, ndikofunikira kupewa ngozi. Mutha kuyika maloko pa firiji ndi makabati komwe mumasungira chakudya, kupachika belu laling'ono pakhomo la khitchini kapena pakhomo la chipinda chanu chogona, ndi zina zotero. Ndibwinonso kuchotsa zinthu zilizonse zomwe zingakulepheretseni paulendo wochokera pabedi kupita kukhitchini.

Kusintha kwa moyo ndi kugona bwino (Ukhondo wa Kugona)

Nthawi zina, kusintha pang'ono moyo wathu kungathandize kuti tulo tathu tigone bwino komanso kuti tithetse vutoli.

  • Pewani kupsinjika maganizo: Yesani zinthu monga yoga ndi kusinkhasinkha.
  • Pewani zinthu izi musanagone: zakumwa zokhala ndi caffeine monga khofi ndi tiyi, kuyang'ana mafoni/tab/TV, komanso kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.
  • Khazikitsani nthawi yogona nthawi zonse: Khalani ndi chizolowezi chogona ndi kudzuka nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse.

Anthu ena amapatsidwa mankhwala monga mankhwala oletsa serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amalembedwa pa matenda a kuvutika maganizo. Amathandiza kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala otchedwa serotonin mu ubongo, zomwe zimathandiza kuwongolera momwe munthu akumvera komanso momwe amagona.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukukayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti mukudya mogona, musachedwe ndi kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimakhudza thanzi lanu komanso chitetezo cha ena m'banja mwanu. Choncho musatenge izi mopepuka. Munthu wabwino kwambiri amene angakuthandizeni ndi dokotala wanu.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

  • Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kudya Okhudzana ndi Kugona (SRED) si maloto chabe, ndi matenda enieni omwe amafunika chithandizo.
  • Ngati izi sizinyalanyazidwa, ngozi zazikulu monga kupsa, kudula, kupha poizoni, ndi moto zingachitike.
  • Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena mankhwala omwe mukumwa, choncho musachite manyazi nazo.
  • Ndi chithandizo choyenera, vutoli lingathe kuthetsedwa pafupifupi kwathunthu.
  • Ngati muli ndi kukayikira pang'ono pa izi, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuchita ndikulankhula ndi dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.

Kudya tulo, SRED, kudya tulo, parasomnia, mavuto ogona, kuyenda tulo, vuto la tulo, ukhondo wa tulo, chithandizo cha kudya tulo, vuto la kudya lokhudzana ndi tulo Sinhala

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Kodi zinthu zimenezi zimachitika bwanji?

Kudya tulo kumeneku kungachitike usiku uliwonse, kapena nthawi zina. Kwa anthu ena, kumachitika kangapo usiku womwewo.

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Palibe ndemanga zomwe zatumizidwa pano. Onjezani ndemanga yanu pano koyamba.

Onjezani ndemanga yanu

Chonde werengani: 3 + 4 =