Kodi kusanza magazi n'koopsa? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)!

Kodi mwana wanu wakhala akutsegula m'mimba kwa masiku angapo? Mayi ndi bambo onse amachita mantha akaona magazi pang'ono m'chimbudzi chawo? Nthawi zambiri, zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi kupweteka m'mimba, koma nthawi zina zimatha kukhala chizindikiro choyamba cha vuto lalikulu. Ndicho chimene tikulankhula lero, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, kapena mwachidule HUS, vuto lalikulu lomwe lingachitike, makamaka pambuyo pa matenda a E. coli. Tiyeni tiphunzire za izi mosavuta komanso molondola.

Mwachidule, kodi HUS ndi chiyani?

Taganizirani za mitsempha yamagazi m'thupi lathu lonse ngati netiweki ya misewu. Misewu iyi ndi komwe maselo ofiira amagazi athu amanyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse. Mu vuto lotchedwa HUS, magazi amaundana ndipo amatsekeka m'mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi (ma capillaries), makamaka mu impso . Zili ngati chitoliro chamadzi chomwe chimatsekeka ndi dothi ndi madzi.

Mitsempha yamagazi ikatsekeka motere, zinthu zitatu zazikulu zimachitika:

1. Hemolytic Anemia: Maselo ofiira a magazi omwe amayesa kudutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi yotsekedwa amamatira, amaphwanyika, ndikusweka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi ambiri m'thupi achepe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.

2. Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma platelet (Thrombocytopenia): Maselo ang'onoang'ono awa omwe amathandiza magazi kuundana amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magazi oundana omwe amapangika mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi kumachepa.

3. Kulephera kwa Impso: Popeza impso sizilandira magazi okwanira ndipo mitsempha yamagazi imawonongeka, impso sizingathe kusefa bwino zinyalala kuchokera m'thupi lathu ndikuzitulutsa ngati mkodzo. Izi zingayambitse kulephera kwa impso mwadzidzidzi.

Kodi chifukwa chachikulu cha HUS ndi chiyani?

Nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi 90% ya nthawi, HUS imayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya yotchedwa E. coli (Escherichia coli), yomwe imapanga poizoni wotchedwa Shiga toxin . Bakiteriyayi imalowa m'thupi mwathu kudzera mu chakudya chodetsedwa, chosaphikidwa bwino kapena madzi oipitsidwa.

Tangoganizirani izi: Mukudya ku lesitilanti ndi banja lanu. Ngati mudya ng'ombe yosaphikidwa bwino (makamaka ng'ombe yophikidwa), mkaka kapena tchizi wosaphikidwa, kapena letesi kapena ndiwo zamasamba zosatsukidwa, zitha kukhala ndi mabakiteriya a E. coli.

Bakiteriya iyi ikalowa m'thupi, imayambitsa kupweteka m'mimba ndi kutsegula m'mimba kwa madzi mkati mwa masiku ochepa. Pakatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, izi zimakhala kutsegula m'mimba kwa magazi.Poizoni wa Shiga wopangidwa ndi mabakiteriya amawononga makoma a matumbo athu ndikuyambitsa kutuluka magazi. Poizoni awa amalowa m'magazi ndikuyenda m'thupi lonse, kuwononga mitsempha yaing'ono yamagazi mu impso. Umu ndi momwe HUS imayambira.

Kodi pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya HUS?

Inde, HUS ikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu ikuluikulu ingapo.

• HUS "Yodziwika": Iyi ndi mtundu womwe takhala tikukamba mpaka pano, womwe nthawi zambiri umayamba chifukwa cha matenda a bakiteriya monga E. coli.
• HUS (aHUS): Iyi ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri. Imayamba chifukwa cha vuto la majini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imatha kutengera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana. Anthuwa amatha kudwala HUS mwadzidzidzi, ngakhale atakhala ndi chimfine kapena chimfine.
• HUS yachiwiri: Izi zimachitika ngati zotsatira zina za matenda ena (monga khansa) kapena mankhwala ena (monga mankhwala oletsa khansa, mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi).

Kodi zizindikiro za HUS ndi ziti? Kodi zimapezeka bwanji?

Zizindikiro za HUS nthawi zambiri zimawonekera m'magawo awiri. Choyamba, zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matenda am'mimba zimawonekera. Kenako, zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi HUS zimawonekera.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo liti?

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro izi, muyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Padzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala mwamsanga .

• Kutsegula m'mimba komwe kumatenga masiku opitilira atatu.
• Kutsegula m'mimba ndi magazi.
• Ngati kuchuluka kwa mkodzo womwe umatuluka kumachepa kwambiri.
• Ngati mwana wafooka kwambiri komanso watopa kwambiri.
• Ngati thupi latupa.

Kodi madokotala amatsimikiza bwanji kuti ali ndi HUS?

Dokotala amene adzakuyang'anirani adzamvetsera mosamala zizindikiro zanu kenako n’kuyitanitsa mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire kuti muli ndi HUS.

• Mayeso a Magazi: Izi zingathandize kuona ngati maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi ma platelet ndi otsika, komanso momwe impso zimagwirira ntchito (creatinine, urea, ndi zina zotero).
• Kusanthula mkodzo: Kufufuza magazi kapena mapuloteni mu mkodzo.
• Kuyesa Chimbudzi: Kufufuza mabakiteriya monga E. coli O157 omwe ali mu chimbudzi.
• Kufufuza kwa Impso: Nthawi zina, chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha impso chingafunike kutengedwa ndikuyesedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti matendawa ndi otani.

Kodi mankhwala a HUS ndi otani?

HUS ndi matenda omwe amafunika kugonekedwa kuchipatala . Sangathe kuchiritsidwa kunyumba. Awa ndi mankhwala akuluakulu omwe amaperekedwa kuchipatala.

1. Perekani mankhwala a saline ndi zakudya: Kutsegula m'mimba ndi kusanza kungayambitse kutaya madzi m'thupi mwa kuchotsa madzi ndi mchere m'thupi. Pofuna kupewa izi, mankhwala a saline (IV fluids) amaperekedwa kudzera mu mtsempha. Ngati simungathe kudya, zakudya zimaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu.

2. Kuthira magazi ndi ma platelet:Magazi amaperekedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi kuli kochepa kwambiri (anemia). Ma platelet amaperekedwanso ngati kuchuluka kwa ma platelet kuli kochepa kwambiri ndipo pali chiopsezo chotuluka magazi.

3. Kuyeretsa magazi: Ngati impso zili zofooka kwambiri moti sizingathe kuchotsa zinyalala m'thupi, kuyeretsa magazi, makina oyeretsera magazi, n'kofunika. Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala njira yakanthawi. Kuyeretsa magazi kumatha kuyimitsidwa impso zikayambanso kugwira ntchito.

4. Mankhwala apadera: Pa mitundu yosowa monga HUS (aHUS) yosazolowereka, mankhwala apadera monga eculizumab kapena ravulizumab amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti tipewe HUS?

Njira yabwino yopewera HUS ndiyo kusamalira zinthu zazing'ono zomwe timakumana nazo tsiku ndi tsiku.

• Onetsetsani kuti mwasamba m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo musanakonze chakudya komanso mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi.
• Phikani nyama, nsomba, ndi mazira bwino. Phikani nyama yophwanyika, makamaka nyama yophwanyika, mpaka itaphikidwa bwino mkati.
• Tsukani ndiwo zamasamba zosaphika, zipatso, ndi letesi bwino ndi madzi oyera.
• Pewani kumwa mkaka wosaphikidwa/wosaphika, mkaka, ndi zakumwa za zipatso.
• Musagwiritse ntchito matabwa odulira, mipeni, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira nyama yaiwisi kapena nsomba pophika chakudya. Tsukani ndi kuzitsuka bwino mukatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
• Pewani kusambira m'madzi odetsedwa, mitsinje, ndi mitsinje.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto lotsegula m'mimba, pewani kupita ku maiwe osambira.

HUS ndi vuto loopsa. Koma ngati lapezeka msanga, lachiritsidwa ndikuchiritsidwa mwachangu, anthu opitilira 85% amachira kwathunthu . Kuwonongeka kwa impso nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakanthawi. Chifukwa chake chofunikira kwambiri ndikuzindikira zizindikiro ndikupempha upangiri wa dokotala mwachangu momwe zingathere.