Kodi mudamvapo za dokotala akukupatsani inu kapena munthu wina m'banja mwanu mankhwala ochepetsa magazi m'chipatala? Mankhwala omwe mumapatsidwa akhoza kukhala heparin. Anthu ambiri amatchanso kuti 'mankhwala ochepetsa magazi'. Koma dzinali likhoza kukhala losokeretsa pang'ono. Silichepetsa magazi ngati madzi. Ndiye ndi chiyani? Limaletsa magazi kuundana mkati mwa matupi athu, kapena limaletsa magazi kuundana kukula. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za heparin, yomwe ndi yofunika kwa anthu ambiri, m'njira yosavuta komanso yomveka bwino.
Kodi Heparin ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, heparin ndi mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana . Ndiko kuti, mankhwala omwe amaletsa magazi kuundana. Samasweka ndikusungunula magazi omwe adapangidwa kale, koma angathandize thupi kusungunula magaziwo mwa kuwaletsa kukula.
Mwina mukudabwa chifukwa chake izi siziperekedwa ngati piritsi. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti matumbo athu sangathe kuyamwa mankhwala otchedwa heparin. Chifukwa chake, ngati titenga ngati piritsi, sadzathandiza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mankhwala otchedwa heparin nthawi zonse amaperekedwa m'njira ziwiri:
1. Kudzera mu madzi amchere operekedwa mumtsempha (IV Infusion): Izi zimagwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri chifukwa mankhwalawo amapita mwachindunji m'magazi.
2. Monga jakisoni pansi pa khungu (Subcutaneous Injection): Ikaperekedwa motere, zimatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi kapena awiri kuti mankhwalawo alowe m'thupi.
Kodi heparin imagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi lathu?
Kuti timvetse izi, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chaching'ono. Tangoganizani kuti kupangika kwa magazi m'thupi lathu ndi njira yovuta, monga kupanga chinthu mufakitale. Izi zimafuna antchito osiyanasiyana (mankhwala ndi mapuloteni osiyanasiyana m'thupi lathu) kuti agwire ntchito limodzi mogwirizana.
Awiri mwa ogwira ntchito akuluakulu mufakitale iyi ndi 'Thrombin' ndi 'Factor Xa' . Awiriwa amachita zina mwa magawo omaliza komanso ofunikira kwambiri pakupanga magazi kuundana.
Heparin amachita ngati woyang'anira wanzeru amene amabwera ndikusiya zida zomwe antchito awiri ofunikirawa ali nazo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, heparin imalowa ndikuletsa 'thrombin' ndi 'factor Xa'. Kenako sangathe kuchita ntchito yawo. Pamapeto pake, fakitale yonse imasiya kugwira ntchito, ndipo magazi atsopano amauma kwathunthu. Mukumvetsa? Ndi zophweka kwambiri, eti?
Kodi madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito heparin pa matenda otani?
Heparin ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri omwe angapulumutse miyoyo. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ndikupewa matenda osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tiwone milandu yayikulu.
| Mkhalidwe/Nthawi | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kutsekeka kwa Mitsempha ya Venous (VTE) | Kupangidwa kwa magazi kuundana m'mitsempha m'thupi. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya izi (DVT ndi PE). |
| Kuundana kwa magazi m'mitsempha yozama (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) | Kuundana kwa magazi, nthawi zambiri m'mitsempha yakuya mwendo kapena mkono. Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu mukatha opaleshoni yayikulu kapena mukayenera kukhala pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. |
| Kutsekeka kwa Mapafu (PE) | Magazi oundana omwe amapangika pamalo ngati DVT amatuluka ndipo amakhazikika mumtsempha m'mapapo. Uwu ndi mkhalidwe wadzidzidzi komanso woopsa. |
| Matenda amtima | Pofuna kupewa kupangika kwa magazi oundana mumtima chifukwa cha matenda a mtima omwe amayamba chifukwa cha magazi oundana mumtsempha womwe umapatsa magazi kumtima. |
| Stroke | Pankhani ya sitiroko yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha magazi kuundana m'mitsempha yamagazi muubongo. |
| Maopaleshoni Akuluakulu | Makamaka pambuyo pa opaleshoni monga kusintha chiuno kapena bondo, wodwalayo amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chopanga magazi kuundana chifukwa sayenda bwino. Pofuna kupewa izi. |
| Kusokonezeka kwa Atrial (Afib) | Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha magazi kuundana mumtima chifukwa cha kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika, komwe kumatha kupita ku ubongo ndikuyambitsa sitiroko. |
| Kuchotsa impso mu impso | Kuletsa magazi kuundana mu makina oyeretsera magazi omwe amatsuka magazi a odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la impso. |
Kuphatikiza apo, pali nthawi zina pamene heparin imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mayi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha magazi kuundana panthawi ya mimba, chifukwa sichivulaza mwana wosabadwayo.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani munthu akapatsidwa heparin? Kodi imayang'aniridwa bwanji?
Madokotala samangokupatsani heparin yokha. Iyi ndi mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa mosamala kwambiri komanso moyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse.
Musanayambe kulandira mankhwala a heparin, dokotala wanu adzakuyesani magazi anu ndikuyezetsa.
Mayesowa amatchedwa aPTT (nthawi yogwira ntchito ya thromboplastin) . Amayesa nthawi yomwe magazi anu amaundana nthawi zambiri. Zotsatira zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mlingo wa heparin womwe muyenera kupatsidwa.
Ngakhale mutayamba kulandira chithandizo cha heparin, magazi anu adzatengedwa nthawi ndi nthawi (monga maola 6 aliwonse) ndipo mayeso a aPTT awa adzabwerezedwanso. Amawunika ngati mlingo wa heparin womwe mukupatsidwa ndi wokwanira, wokwera kwambiri, kapena wosakwanira. Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amasintha mlingo kuti ukhale pamlingo woyenera kwa inu. Pazifukwa zina zadzidzidzi, pakafunika zotsatira zachangu, mayeso ena otchedwa ACT (nthawi yolimbitsa magazi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kodi ndiyenera kumwa heparin nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Izi zimadalira chifukwa chomwe mukupatsidwa heparin. Mwachitsanzo, mutachitidwa opaleshoni yayikulu, ikhoza kuperekedwa kwa masiku pafupifupi 7 mpaka mutayamba kudzuka ndikuyenda. Pa vuto monga matenda a mtima, ikhoza kuperekedwa kwa masiku angapo mpaka vutolo litathetsedwa.
Heparin nthawi zambiri ndi mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kuchipatala. Musanapite kunyumba kuchokera kuchipatala, dokotala wanu adzakuchotsani heparin yomwe mwapatsidwa kudzera mu IV ndikukusinthirani ku mankhwala ena ochepetsa magazi omwe mungamwe ngati piritsi.
Ubwino, zoopsa, ndi zotsatirapo zake za heparin
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, heparin ili ndi ubwino ndi zoopsa zake.
Ubwino waukulu wa heparin
- Kuchita mwachangu: Kumagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo, makamaka ikaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha.
- Kuchotsa mwachangu: Mankhwala akasiyidwa, zotsatira zake zimachoka mwachangu m'thupi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazochitika monga opaleshoni isanachitike.
- Kusinthika kwa zotsatira zake: Ngati mlingo wa heparin wawonjezeka mwanjira ina ndipo kutuluka magazi kumachitika, pali mankhwala otchedwa protamine omwe amatha kusintha nthawi yomweyo zotsatira zake.
- Zaka zambiri zodalirika:Ndi mankhwala ophunziridwa bwino omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala ndi madokotala padziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka zambiri.
Zoopsa ndi zotsatira zake
Chiwopsezo chachikulu komanso chachikulu kwambiri ndi kutuluka magazi ambiri . Ngati heparin ili m'thupi, ngakhale bala laling'ono lingayambitse kutuluka magazi ambiri.
Choncho, ngati mukumva kuvulala kwachilendo mukamalandira chithandizo cha heparin, kutuluka magazi m'kamwa mukamatsuka mano anu, kapena kutuluka magazi kwina kulikonse kwachilendo , dziwitsani dokotala wanu kapena namwino nthawi yomweyo .
Ngati mukudzuka pabedi muli kuchipatala, pemphani wina kuti akuthandizeni kuchepetsa chiopsezo chogwa. Ngati mutagwa, muli pachiopsezo chachikulu chotuluka magazi.
Ngati munthu walandira mlingo waukulu kwambiri, pali mwayi wochepa woti ziwalo zamkati monga ubongo, mapapo, ndi m'mimba zitha kutuluka magazi mwadzidzidzi. Komabe, chiopsezochi n'chochepa kwambiri chifukwa mlingowo umayendetsedwa ndi kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse kuchipatala.
Chinthu china chofunika! Mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa angagwirizane ndi heparin. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena aliwonse, mavitamini, kapena mankhwala azitsamba omwe mukumwa.
Zotsatira zina zoyipa:
- Kupweteka kapena kuvulala pamalo omwe jakisoni amaperekedwa.
- Kutaya tsitsi (izi ndi zakanthawi).
- Thrombocytopenia (kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi). Ichinso ndi chinthu chomwe madokotala nthawi zambiri amachiyang'anira poyesa magazi.
Zizindikiro zochenjeza zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu
Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi mukumwa heparin, izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha kutuluka magazi kwambiri. Choncho , musachedwe ndipo funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani ku chipatala chapafupi cha Emergency Department (ETU).
| Zizindikiro zochenjeza | |
|---|---|
| 🔴 Kuvuta kupuma, kupuma mofulumira. | 🔴 Kutuluka magazi komwe sikungathe kuletsedwa (monga kutuluka m'mphuno). |
| 🔴 Mabala, mawanga, kapena ziphuphu zachilendo pakhungu. | 🔴 Kufooka mwadzidzidzi kapena dzanzi mbali imodzi ya thupi. |
| 🔴 Kusokonezeka mwadzidzidzi, kuvutika kuyenda. | 🔴 Kuvutika mwadzidzidzi kuona kapena kumva. |
| 🔴 Mutu waukulu. | 🔴 Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira. |
| 🔴 Kusanza ngati khofi. | 🔴 Chimbudzi chakuda, chochedwa, kapena chokhala ndi magazi. |
| 🔴 Mkodzo umasintha kukhala bulauni kapena wofiira. | |
Ngati dokotala m'chipatala wasankha kukupatsani heparin, musachite mantha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kupewa magazi kuundana kutengera matenda anu. Madokotala nthawi zonse amakuyang'anirani ndikukupatsani mlingo wofunikira komanso wotetezeka. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza izi, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Heparin si mankhwala ochepetsa magazi, koma ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa kupanga magazi owopsa .
- Izi sizingamwedwe ngati piritsi. Zimangoperekedwa ngati jakisoni kapena kudzera mu saline solution yomwe imalowetsedwa m'mitsempha .
- Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha chithandizochi ndi kutuluka magazi ambiri kuposa masiku onse , choncho samalani ndi ngozi monga kugwa.
- Ndikofunikira kudziwitsa dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena onse omwe mukumwa (kuphatikizapo mavitamini ndi mankhwala a Ayurvedic).
- Ngati muwona zizindikiro zochenjeza monga kusanza komwe kumaoneka ngati khofi, ndowe zakuda, kapena kutuluka magazi komwe sikungatheke, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
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