Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza matenda a chiwindi a Hepatitis D. Izi ndi zapadera pang'ono!

Mwina mwamvapo za matenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi. Lero tikambirana za matenda ofanana, koma osiyana pang'ono a chiwindi. Umenewo ndi matenda a chiwindi otchedwa Hepatitis D. Kodi ndi chiyani chapadera kwambiri pa matendawa, momwe tingapewere, tiyeni tidziwe zonse za matendawa lero.

Kodi Hepatitis D ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Hepatitis D ndi matenda a kachilombo omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwa chiwindi . Komabe, kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti kachilombo ka Hepatitis D (HDV) sikungayambitse matendawa kokha. Kodi sizodabwitsa? Inde, kuti kachilomboka kabweretse matenda m'thupi lanu , kayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kachilombo ka Hepatitis B (HBV) . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mutha kudwala Hepatitis D pokhapokha mutakhala kale ndi Hepatitis B, kapena mukakhala ndi Hepatitis B. Kodi mukumvetsa? Ayi konse.

Matenda a Hepatitis D angachitike m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:

1. Matenda oopsa: Pankhaniyi, zizindikiro zimawonekera mwachangu ndipo zimatha kukhala kwa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Nthawi zina, zimatha zokha.

2. Matenda osatha: Uwu ndi woopsa kwambiri. Matenda owopsa amatha kukhala osatha. Zikatero, zizindikiro zimatha kwa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi. Izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kodi matenda a Hepatitis D ndi otani?

Tiyeni tsopano tiwone mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matenda a Hepatitis D mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi Coinfection ndi chiyani?

Kutenga kachilombo ka hepatitis B (HBV) ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis D (HDV) nthawi imodzi . Ganizirani ngati kuukiridwa ndi mavairasi onse nthawi imodzi. Pankhaniyi, zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi za hepatitis B, koma mavairasi awiriwa akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri chifukwa amapezeka pamodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa akhoza kukhala oopsa pang'ono. Koma pali nkhani yabwino. Mukakhala ndi kuphatikiza kumeneku, mwayi woti ukhale wautali nthawi zina umachepa.

Kodi superinfection ndi chiyani?

Tsopano, superinfection ndi vuto losiyana pang'ono komanso loopsa kwambiri . Chomwe chimachitika ndichakuti muli kale ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka HBV m'thupi lanu (mwina kosatha). Kenako, mumalandira kachilombo katsopano ka hepatitis D (HDV). Zili ngati muli ndi matenda amodzi kenako matenda ena amadza. Mukakhala ndi superinfection ngati iyi, zizindikiro zanu zakale za hepatitis B zitha kubwereranso mwadzidzidzi kapena kukhala zoopsa kwambiri . Nthawi zambiri, superinfection iyi ili ndi mwayi waukulu kwambiri wokhala matenda osatha (pafupifupi 90%).Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa amatha kukhalabe m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi nakonso n'kokwera.

Kodi zizindikiro za Hepatitis D ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za Hepatitis D zimafanana kwambiri ndi za mitundu ina ya hepatitis. Anthu ena sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Komabe, ngati zizindikirozo zichitika, mungayembekezere zotsatirazi:

• Malungo .
• Kupweteka m'mimba , makamaka kumtunda kwa kumanja kwa mimba (komwe kuli chiwindi).
• Kusanza ndi kusanza .
• Anorexia , kutayika kwa chilakolako chilichonse chofuna kudya.
• Mkodzo wanu ukuoneka wakuda , ngati mtundu wa madzi a tiyi.
• Kumbali ina, ndowe zanu zidzasanduka zotuwa, mwinanso zotuwa .
• Maso amasanduka achikasu, khungu limasanduka lachikasu - ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha kuti jaundice . Izi zimachitika pamene chiwindi sichingathe kukonza bwino chinthu chotchedwa bilirubin.
• Kumva kutopa .

Matenda a chiwindi cha mtundu wa D angawonjezere zizindikiro za chiwindi cha mtundu wa B zomwe muli nazo kale.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a chiwindi otchedwa Hepatitis D?

Chifukwa cha izi ndi kachilombo ka Hepatitis Delta , kapena HDV mwachidule. Koma monga tanenera kale, sikangathe kuchita chilichonse chokha. Imafunikira kachilombo ka Hepatitis B (HBV) kuti ipulumuke ndikupanga makope ambiri a kachilomboka (kutanthauza kuti, kufalikira). Ndicho chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kutenga kachilombo ka Hepatitis D, muyeneranso kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HBV m'thupi lanu.

Kodi matenda a Hepatitis D amafalikira bwanji?

Matenda a chiwindi a D amafalikira mofanana ndi matenda a chiwindi a chiwindi a B. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, magazi kapena madzi ena amthupi (monga umuna, ukazi) wa munthu wodwala akalowa m'thupi la munthu wathanzi. Nazi njira zazikulu zomwe matendawa amafalikira:

• Kupewa kugonana mosadziteteza (kutanthauza kuti, kusagwiritsa ntchito kondomu pogonana ndi mkazi, pakamwa, kapena kumatako).
• Mwa kugawana singano ndi ma syringe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobaya mankhwala . Izi zitha kuchitikanso ngati zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobaya mankhwala ena sizinayeretsedwe bwino.
• Kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala, mwangozi amakodwa ndi chinthu chonga singano pamene akugwira ntchito ndi odwala.
• Ndizotheka kuti kachilomboka kafalikire kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana panthawi yobereka. Komabe, izi sizichitika kawirikawiri , makamaka ngati njira zodzitetezera zofunika zatengedwa.
• Palinso chiopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito zida zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a khungu mukalemba zizindikiro kapena kuboola makutu.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga Hepatitis D?

Magulu otsatirawa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Hepatitis D:

• Anthu omwe ali kale ndi matenda a Hepatitis B(Popanda izi, D sikanapangidwa!)
• Anthu omwe amabaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo , makamaka ngati akugawana singano.
• Anthu amene amagonana ndi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a mtundu wa B (HBV) ndi D (HDV).
• Anthu omwe amakhala m'nyumba imodzi ndi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a chiwindi otchedwa hepatitis B (HBV) ndi D (HDV) (monga ngati akugawana zinthu monga malezala ndi maburashi a mano).
• Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV .
• Amuna akamagonana ndi amuna (osadziteteza).
• Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito zachipatala kapena m'magawo ena omwe nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi magazi ndi madzi amthupi.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso omwe akuchitidwa hemodialysis .

Kodi mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi a D ndi ati?

Matenda a chiwindi a Hepatitis D, makamaka ngati apitirira nthawi yayitali, angayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chiwindi. Nazi zina mwa mavuto akuluakulu:

• Matenda a chiwindi: Apa ndi pamene chiwindi chimayamba kuvulala pang'onopang'ono ndipo sichingathe kugwira ntchito zake zachibadwa. Monga momwe chilonda chimapangikira pakhungu lathu tikavulala, zipsera zimapezekanso m'chiwindi. Izi zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi.
• Kulephera kwa chiwindi: Ili ndi vuto lalikulu. Chiwindi sichingathe kugwira ntchito yake iliyonse. Chikhoza kukhala choopsa pa moyo.
• Khansa ya chiwindi: Iyi ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayamba m'chiwindi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a D osatha ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa iyi.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi Hepatitis D?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za Hepatitis D, kapena ngati muli m'gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala kukayezetsa. Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a magazi kuti adziwe izi. Labu idzayang'ana magazi anu kuti aone ngati pali ziwalo zina za kachilomboka (HDV RNA) kapena ngati pali ma antibodies (anti-HDV antibodies) omwe apangidwa motsutsana ndi kachilomboka.

Kuphatikiza apo, mungafunike kuyesedwa ndi ultrasound , kuyesedwa kwapadera monga FibroScan kapena Elastography , ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuyesedwa chiwindi kuti muwone momwe chiwindi chanu chilili ndikuwona ngati pali zipsera zilizonse.

Kodi pali mankhwala athunthu a Hepatitis D?

Kunena zoona, palibe mankhwala a Hepatitis D pakadali pano . Ichi ndi chinthu chomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Komabe, matenda opatsirana a HDV nthawi zina amatha kuchira popanda chithandizo chilichonse (makamaka ngati matenda ena atha kufalikira).

Koma kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a D osatha, madokotala angapereke chithandizochi. Mankhwalawa amayesetsa kuletsa kachilomboka, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, komanso kupewa mavuto ena.

• Jakisoni wa Peginterferon alfa: Iyi ndi jakisoni yomwe mumamwa kamodzi pa sabata. Nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa kwa chaka chimodzi. Imathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kulimbana ndi matenda. Koma ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zake.
• Bulevirtide (Hepcludex®): Iyi ndi mankhwala atsopano oletsa mavairasi. Amaletsa kachilombo ka HDV kulowa m'maselo a chiwindi. Yavomerezedwa kuti ichitikire HDV m'maiko ena, koma osati kulikonse.
• Kuika chiwindi: Ngati chiwindi chanu chawonongeka kwambiri ndipo chalephera kugwira ntchito, kuyika chiwindi chatsopano kungakhale kofunikira ngati njira yomaliza.

Mankhwala atsopano akufufuzidwabe.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati ndili ndi Hepatitis D?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a chiwindi otchedwa hepatitis D, dokotala wanu adzayang'anira thanzi la chiwindi chanu mosamala . Izi zingaphatikizepo kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse, kuyezetsa magazi, ndi kusanthula. Matenda a chiwindi otchedwa hepatitis D kapena HBV/HDV coinafection amatha popanda chithandizo pakatha milungu kapena miyezi ingapo.

Komabe, nthawi zambiri, matenda opatsirana kwambiri amakhala matenda aakulu a chiwindi otchedwa hepatitis D. Matenda osatha amatha kupitirira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, nthawi zina ngakhale zaka. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni chithandizo kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo.

Kodi matenda a Hepatitis D ndi otani?

Imfa yochokera ku matenda a HBV/HDV obwera mwadzidzidzi siichitika kawirikawiri (pafupifupi 1-5%), koma kuchira kungatenge milungu kapena miyezi.

Komabe, matenda opatsirana kwambiri a HBV/HDV ndi oopsa kwambiri . Pakati pa 70% ndi 80% ya anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli pamapeto pake adzadwala matenda a cirrhosis. Izi zitha kuchitika mwachangu, mkati mwa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira kuchokera pamene matendawa ayamba, kapena zingatenge zaka 5 mpaka 10. Tsoka ilo, chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a D osatha (malipoti ena amati mpaka 15% mkati mwa zaka 5-10) adzafa chifukwa cha mavuto monga khansa ya chiwindi kapena kulephera kwa chiwindi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuzindikira ndi kuyang'anira msanga ndikofunikira.

Kodi Hepatitis D ingapewedwe?

Inde, mungathe! Njira yabwino komanso yofunika kwambiri yodzitetezera ku Hepatitis D ndikudziteteza ku Hepatitis B. Chifukwa, Hepatitis D singakule popanda Hepatitis B.

• Pezani katemera wa Hepatitis B.Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Katemera uyu ndi wotetezeka komanso wogwira ntchito. Ngati simunakhalepo ndi matenda a chiwindi a mtundu wa B, pezani katemerayu.
• Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina munadwala matenda a chiwindi otchedwa hepatitis B (monga ngati munadwala magazi a munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka), mutha kulandira katemera mwamsanga. Muthanso kulandira chithandizo chotchedwa hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) mkati mwa maola 24-48. Izi zingathandize kupewa matenda.

Ngati muli kale ndi Hepatitis B, mungachite zinthu izi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri:

• Valani magolovesi opanda ukhondo pamene mukukhudzidwa ndi magazi, mafinya, kapena madzi ena amthupi.
• Musagawire singano ndi ma syringe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ena .
• Musagawane zinthu zanu monga maburashi a mano ndi malezala ndi ena .
• Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu nthawi iliyonse yogonana.
• Imwani mankhwala oletsa mavairasi a Hepatitis B monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera.

Ngati muli ndi pakati ndipo muli ndi matenda a Hepatitis B kapena HBV/HDV, madokotala amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha mwana wanu kutenga kachilomboka mwa kumupatsa katemera ndikumupatsa chithandizo nthawi yomweyo akangobadwa.

Kodi ndingasamalire bwanji thanzi langa? (Ngati ndili ndi matenda a chiwindi)

Ngati muli ndi matenda a chiwindi (B kapena D), pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi chanu:

• Pewani mowa kotheratu. Mowa ukalowa m'chiwindi, umawononga maselo ake. Chiwindi chomwe chili kale ndi matenda sichingathe kuthana ndi vutoli.
• Ngati mukusuta, siyani, kapena musayambe. Kusuta fodya nakonso n'koipa ku chiwindi.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera. Kunenepa kwambiri kungapangitse kuti matenda a chiwindi achuluke kwambiri mwa kupangitsa kuti mafuta azichulukana m'chiwindi.
• Funsani dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wa zakudya zokhudza zakudya zomwe muyenera kudya komanso kupewa kuti chiwindi chanu chikhale chathanzi. Kudya zakudya zoyenera n'kofunika.
• Funsani dokotala wanu mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa musanayambe kumwa mankhwala (OTC) omwe ndi otetezeka kwa inu komanso omwe muyenera kuchepetsa. Mwachitsanzo, kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu monga acetaminophen (Tylenol®) nthawi zonse sikwabwino pa chiwindi chanu. Choncho gwiritsani ntchito kokha monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera.
• Pitani kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu pa nthawi yake ndipo mukalandire mayeso onse ofunikira kuti muwone ngati chiwindi chanu chili bwino. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi (monga malungo, kupweteka kwa thupi, kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya, chikasu), kapena ngati muli ndi matenda a chiwindi B ndipo zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira mwadzidzidzi, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala . Komanso, ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mwadwala matenda a chiwindi B kapena D, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa izi, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga :

• Ngati muli ndi vuto lalikulu la m'mimba .
• Ngati mukusanza kwambiri , kapena ngati simungathe kuletsa chilichonse.
• Ngati mukusanza magazi kapena kusanza, zimaoneka ngati khofi wophikidwa.
• Ngati jaundice yawonjezeka (maso ndi khungu zimasanduka mtundu wachikasu wakuda).
• Ngati chikumbumtima chikuoneka kuti chasokonekera , ngati zikuoneka kuti n'zovuta kukhalabe ndi chikumbumtima, ngati pali chisokonezo (timachitcha kuti hepatic encephalopathy ).
• Ngati mkodzo uli wakuda kapena kuchuluka kwa mkodzo komwe kumapangidwa kumachepa kwambiri.
• Ngati ndowe yanu ili ndi mtundu wa dongo kapena wopepuka .
• Ngati m'mimba mukumva kutupa kwambiri.

Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chiwindi.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, zingakhale zothandiza kufunsa mafunso ngati awa:

• Kodi ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda a chiwindi omwe ndili nawo?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi chithandizochi chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kodi ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito bwanji mankhwalawa? Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse?
• Kodi pali zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zizindikiro zoipiraipira zomwe ndiyenera kuzidziwa bwino?
• Kodi chiwindi changa chikuyenda bwanji tsopano? Ndi mayeso ati omwe ndiyenera kuchita mtsogolo?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti izi zisafalikire kwa ena?
• Ngati ndili ndi Hepatitis B, ndingachite chiyani china kuti ndipewe kutenga Hepatitis D?

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda a chiwindi a chiwindi B ndi matenda a chiwindi a D?

Matenda a Hepatitis B ndi Hepatitis D ndi mitundu iwiri ya matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi. Onsewa amakhudza chiwindi. Koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti Hepatitis D ingakupatsireni kokha ngati muli ndi Hepatitis B, kapena ngati muli kale ndi Hepatitis B. Kachilombo ka Hepatitis D (HDV) kali ngati kachilombo "kosakwanira"; sikangathe kugwira ntchito kokha, kamafunikira "thandizo" kuchokera ku HBV.

Si aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a chiwindi B amene adzadwala matenda a chiwindi a D. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a B alibe matenda a chiwindi a D.

Kodi matenda a Hepatitis D ndi ofala bwanji?

Pakati pa 5% ndi 15% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a mtundu wa B.– Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu pakati pa 12 ndi 45 miliyoni – nawonso ali ndi kachilombo ka HDV, malinga ndi akatswiri. Chiwindi cha chiwindi D chimapezeka kwambiri m'madera ena a ku Africa (monga Central Africa), Asia (monga Mongolia, Pakistan), Amazon River Basin ku South America, ndi madera ena a kum'mawa kwa Europe. Sichimapezeka kwambiri ku United States kapena Western Europe. Sichimapezeka kwambiri ku Sri Lanka, koma chiopsezo chake chilipo.

Kachilombo ka hepatitis D kamagwira ntchito mosiyana pang'ono ndi mavairasi ena. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kamafunika thandizo la kachilombo ka hepatitis B (HBV) kuti kakulitse matenda. Mwamwayi, njira zilizonse zomwe mungachite kuti mudziteteze ku HBV zidzakuthandizaninso kukutetezani ku matenda a hepatitis D. Komanso, kuyambitsidwa kwa katemera wa hepatitis B posachedwapa kwapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a hepatitis B chichepe, motero, matenda a hepatitis D padziko lonse lapansi chichepe. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi matenda a hepatitis B popanda zizindikiro zilizonse.

Ngati muli ndi matenda osatha, gwirani ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti muwone momwe chiwindi chanu chilili nthawi zonse. Kafukufuku wa mankhwala atsopano angapereke njira zina zochiritsira mtsogolo.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe tiyenera kuphunzira kuchokera pa izi

Choncho, Hepatitis D ndi mtundu wapadera wa matenda a chiwindi. Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndichakuti kuti izi zichitike, kachilombo ka Hepatitis B kayeneranso kukhalapo m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, kudziteteza ku Hepatitis B ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku Hepatitis D.

Kulandira katemera wa Hepatitis B, kugonana motetezeka, komanso kusagawana singano ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zonsezi zidzakutetezani ku Hepatitis D.

Ngati muli ndi Hepatitis B, musachite mantha. Koma onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu, mupite kukayezetsa nthawi zonse, komanso pewani zinthu zomwe zingawononge chiwindi chanu (makamaka mowa ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagulitsidwa kunja kwa chipatala). Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chotenga Hepatitis D.

Dziwani zizindikiro zake. Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse, musachedwe kupita kwa dokotala. Mukadziwa msanga, mwayi wanu wokhala ndi moyo wathanzi wopanda mavuto ambiri umakhala wabwino.

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