Tiyeni Tiphunzire Zokhudza Hepatitis D: Ndi Yapadera Kwambiri! | Nirogi Lanka

Mwina mwamvapo za matenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi, koma lero ku Nirogi Lanka, tikufuna kukambirana za matenda apadera komanso ofunikira kwambiri: Hepatitis D. Tiyeni tiwone bwino zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kachilomboka kakhale kosiyana, momwe kamakhudzira thanzi lanu, komanso njira zofunika zomwe mungachite kuti mudziteteze.

Kodi Hepatitis D ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Hepatitis D ndi kachilombo ka HIV komwe kamayambitsa kutupa kwa chiwindi.Komabe, chomwe chimapangitsa kachilomboka kukhala kapadera kwambiri ndichakuti kachilombo ka Hepatitis D (HDV) sikangayambitse matenda kokha. Zikumveka zodabwitsa, sichoncho? Kuti kachilomboka kabwerezedwe ndikuyambitsa matenda m'thupi lanu, kachilomboka kayenera kukhala limodzi ndi kachilombo ka Hepatitis B (HBV) . Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kutenga Hepatitis D pokhapokha ngati muli kale ndi kachilombo ka Hepatitis B, kapena ngati mutatenga mavairasi onse awiri nthawi imodzi. Sichingathe kupulumuka kapena kuyambitsa matenda okha.

Matenda a Hepatitis D nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

1. Matenda Oopsa: Zizindikiro zimawonekera mofulumira ndipo zimatha kukhala kwa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Nthawi zina, thupi lanu limatha kuchotsa matendawa lokha.

2. Matenda Osatha: Uwu ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri. Matenda owopsa amatha kukhala osatha, pomwe zizindikiro zimatha kwa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi. Izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kosatha.

Kodi matenda a Hepatitis D ndi otani?

Tiyeni tiwone njira ziwiri zazikulu zomwe mungapewere matenda a Hepatitis D.

Kodi Coinfection ndi chiyani?

Kutenga kachilombo ka Hepatitis B (HBV) ndi kachilombo ka Hepatitis D (HDV) kumachitika nthawi imodzi. Ganizirani izi ngati kuukira kwa mavairasi onse awiri nthawi imodzi. Pazochitika izi, zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi matenda wamba a Hepatitis B koma zimatha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri . Komabe, pali nkhani yabwino: mukatenga kachilombo ka zonsezi nthawi imodzi, mwayi woti matendawa akhale osatha nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika.

Kodi Superinfection ndi chiyani?

Kutenga kachilombo ka superinfection ndi njira ina yosiyana komanso yowopsa kwambiri . Izi zimachitika mukakhala kale ndi kachilombo ka Hepatitis B (mwina kokhazikika) ndipo mwangoyamba kudwala kachilombo ka Hepatitis D. Zili ngati kuwonjezera matenda ena ku kachilombo komwe kalipo. Kutenga kachilombo ka superinfection kukachitika, zizindikiro zanu zakale za Hepatitis B zitha kubwereranso mwadzidzidzi kapena kumva ngati zamphamvu kwambiri . Nthawi zambiri (pafupifupi 90%), mtundu uwu wa matenda otere umapita patsogolo kukhala wokhazikika . Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa amatha kukhala m'thupi lanu kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwindi chanu chiwonongeke.

Kodi zizindikiro za Hepatitis D ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za Hepatitis D zimafanana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya hepatitis. Anthu ena sangasonyeze zizindikiro zilizonse. Komabe, ngati zizindikirozo zichitika, mungakumane ndi izi:

• Malungo.
• Ululu m'mimba , makamaka kumtunda kwa dzanja lamanja la mimba yanu (komwe kuli chiwindi chanu).
• Kusanza ndi kusanza.
• Kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya , komwe kulibe chilakolako chofuna kudya.
• Mkodzo wakuda , nthawi zambiri umafanana ndi mtundu wa tiyi.
• Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ndowe zanu zimatha kukhala zotumbululuka kapena zadothi .
• Khungu ndi maso zimakhala zachikasu — matenda otchedwa jaundice . Izi zimachitika pamene chiwindi chanu sichingathe kugwira bwino ntchito ya bilirubin.
• Kutopa kosalekeza kapena kutopa.

Matenda a Hepatitis D angayambitsenso zizindikiro zilizonse za Hepatitis B zomwe zinalipo kale kuti ziwonjezeke kwambiri .

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a chiwindi otchedwa Hepatitis D?

Choyambitsa ndi kachilombo ka Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) . Komabe, monga tafotokozera, sikangathe kuchitapo kanthu kokha. Chimadalira kwathunthu kachilombo ka Hepatitis B (HBV) kuti chipulumuke ndikuberekanso. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze kachilombo ka Hepatitis D, muyenera kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HBV m'thupi lanu.

Kodi matenda a Hepatitis D amafalikira bwanji?

Matenda a chiwindi D amafalikira mofanana ndi matenda a chiwindi B: kudzera mu kukhudzana ndi magazi kapena madzi ena amthupi (monga umuna, ukazi) wa munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka. Njira zazikulu zofalitsira matendawa ndi izi:

• Kugonana mosadziteteza (kusagwiritsa ntchito kondomu pogonana ndi mkazi, pakamwa, kapena kumatako).
• Kugawana singano kapena majekeseni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zachipatala zomwe sizinayeretsedwe bwino kungayambitsenso chiopsezo.
• Kuvulala ndi singano kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala pamene akusamalira odwala.
• Kupatsirana kwa mwana kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana panthawi yobereka. Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, makamaka ngati njira zoyenera zopewera zatengedwa.
• Kujambula zojambulajambula kapena kuboola pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosayera kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga Hepatitis D?

Magulu otsatirawa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Hepatitis D malinga ndi momwe Nirogi Lanka amaonera:

• Anthu omwe ali kale ndi kachilombo ka Hepatitis B (HBV): Hepatitis D singakhalepo popanda Hepatitis B.
• Anthu omwe amabaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo: Makamaka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito singano imodzi kapena zida zina.
• Ogonana nawo: Aliyense amene wagonana ndi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a HBV ndi HDV.
• Anthu a m'banja: Amene akukhala ndi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a HBV ndi HDV, makamaka ngati zinthu zawo monga malezala kapena maburashi a mano zimagawidwa.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
• Amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna: Makamaka ngati akuchita zachiwerewere mosadziteteza.
• Ogwira ntchito zachipatala: Kapena omwe ali m'magawo ena komwe magazi kapena madzi amthupi nthawi zambiri amapezeka.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso amachitidwa opaleshoni ya hemodialysis.

Kodi mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi a Hepatitis D ndi ati?

Matenda a chiwindi a Hepatitis D, makamaka ngati ayamba kukhala aakulu, angayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chiwindi chanu. Mavuto akuluakulu ndi awa:

• Matenda a chiwindi: Ichi ndi chilonda cha minofu ya chiwindi chanu. Pakapita nthawi, chiwindi chanu chikamauma komanso chilonda chimawonjezeka, chimataya mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito bwino, monga momwe bala lakuya pakhungu lanu limasiyira chizindikiro chosatha.
• Kulephera kwa chiwindi: Ichi ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe chiwindi chanu sichingathenso kuchita ntchito zake zofunika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo wanu ukhale pachiwopsezo.
• Khansa ya chiwindi: Iyi ndi mtundu wa khansa yoyamba ya chiwindi. Ngati muli ndi Hepatitis D yosatha, chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa imeneyi chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri.

Kodi matenda a Hepatitis D amapezedwa bwanji?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi zizindikiro za Hepatitis D kapena muli m'gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, njira yabwino kwambiri ndikufunsa dokotala kuti akuyeseni. Kuzindikira matendawa kumachitika makamaka kudzera mu mayeso a magazi . Labotale yanu idzayang'ana kupezeka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mavairasi (HDV RNA) kapena ma antibodies omwe thupi lanu lapanga kuti limenyane ndi kachilomboka (Anti-HDV antibodies).

Kuphatikiza apo, kuti muwone thanzi la chiwindi chanu komanso kukula kwa zipsera zilizonse, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mupange ultrasound , FibroScan , kapena elastography . Nthawi zina, mungafunike biopsy ya chiwindi (chitsanzo chaching'ono cha minofu ya chiwindi).

Kodi pali mankhwala athunthu a Hepatitis D?

Kunena zoona, pakadali pano palibe mankhwala enieni a Hepatitis D. Komabe, matenda opatsirana a HDV, makamaka m'matenda ena, nthawi zina amatha okha popanda chithandizo.

Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a Hepatitis D osatha, madokotala amayang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera kachilomboka, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, komanso kupewa mavuto ena. Mankhwala omwe angakhalepo ndi awa:

• Jakisoni wa Peginterferon alfa: Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kamodzi pa sabata kwa chaka chimodzi kuti athandize chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kulimbana ndi matendawa. Dziwani kuti izi zingayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa.
• Bulevirtide (Hepcludex®): Iyi ndi mankhwala atsopano oletsa mavairasi omwe amaletsa kachilombo ka HDV kulowa m'maselo a chiwindi chanu. Ngakhale kuti avomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'maiko angapo, kupezeka kwake kungasiyane.
• Kuika chiwindi: Ngati chiwindi chanu chawonongeka kwambiri ndipo sichikugwiranso ntchito, kuika chiwindi kungakhale njira yomaliza yochizira.

Kafukufuku wokhudza njira zatsopano zochiritsira matenda akupitilira ku Nirogi Lanka ndi padziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati ndili ndi Hepatitis D?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a Hepatitis D, dokotala wanu adzayang'anira thanzi la chiwindi chanu . Izi zimaphatikizapo kupimidwa nthawi zonse, kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse, ndi kujambula zithunzi. Matenda a HDV kapena HBV/HDV omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi amatha kutha mkati mwa milungu kapena miyezi.

Komabe, matenda opatsirana kudzera mu superinfection nthawi zambiri amakhala matenda aakulu a Hepatitis D, omwe amatha kupitirira kwa zaka zambiri. Gulu lanu lachipatala lingakonze njira zochizira zomwe zimatha chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo.

Kodi matenda a Hepatitis D ndi otani?

Imfa yochokera ku matenda opatsirana a HBV/HDV nthawi zambiri imakhala yosowa kwambiri (pafupifupi 1-5%), ngakhale kuti kuchira kungatenge milungu kapena miyezi.

Komabe, matenda opatsirana a HBV/HDV osatha ndi oopsa kwambiri . Pakati pa 70% ndi 80% ya anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amatha kudwala matenda a cirrhosis pakapita nthawi. Izi zitha kuchitika mwachangu—nthawi zina mkati mwa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira—kapena kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono pazaka 5 mpaka 10. Mwatsoka, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Hepatitis D osatha (pafupifupi 15% mkati mwa zaka 5-10) amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu monga kulephera kwa chiwindi kapena khansa ya chiwindi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuzindikira mwachangu ndi kuyang'anira bwino ndikofunikira.

Kodi Hepatitis D ingapewedwe?

Inde, ndithudi! Njira yabwino komanso yothandiza kwambiri yodzitetezera ku Hepatitis D ndikupewa Hepatitis B. Izi zili choncho chifukwa Hepatitis D singathe kukula m'thupi lanu popanda Hepatitis B.

• Katemera wa Hepatitis B. Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri. Katemerayu ndi wotetezeka kwambiri komanso wogwira ntchito. Ngati simunalandire katemerayu, ndikofunikira kuti mulankhule ndi dokotala wanu kuti akalandire katemerayu.
• Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwapezeka ndi matenda a Hepatitis B (monga kukhudzana ndi magazi a munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka), pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Mutha kulandira katemera, komanso Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) , yomwe iyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa maola 24-48 kuti muteteze matendawa kuti asalowe m'thupi.

Ngati muli kale ndi matenda a Hepatitis B, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi "matenda opatsirana kwambiri" mwa kutsatira njira izi:

• Nthawi zonse valani magolovesi osagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukuyembekezera kukhudzana ndi magazi, kutuluka kwa magazi m'mabala, kapena madzi ena amthupi.
• Musagwiritse ntchito singano, ma syringe, kapena zida zilizonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobaya mankhwala.
• Musagwiritse ntchito zinthu zaukhondo monga burashi ya mano kapena malezala, chifukwa zimatha kukhala ndi magazi ochepa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito makondomu nthawi zonse muzochitika zilizonse zogonana.
• Ngati dokotala wanu wakupatsani mankhwala oletsa mavairasi a Hepatitis B, onetsetsani kuti mwamwa monga momwe mwalangizidwira.

Ngati muli ndi pakati ndipo mukukhala ndi matenda a Hepatitis B kapena matenda enaake (HBV/HDV), madokotala angatenge njira zinazake nthawi yomweyo mwana wanu akabadwa kuti apereke katemera ndi chithandizo chofunikira kuti achepetse chiopsezo chopatsira mwana wanu kachilomboka.

Kodi ndingasamalire bwanji thanzi langa pamene ndili ndi matenda a chiwindi?

Ngati muli ndi matenda a chiwindi (B kapena D), pali njira zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muteteze chiwindi chanu kuti chisawonongekenso:

• Pewani kumwa mowa konse. Mowa umaika mphamvu kwambiri m'maselo a chiwindi, omwe chiwindi chanu chingavutike kuthana nawo ngati chatupa kale.
• Siyani kusuta kapena pewani kuyamba, chifukwa kusuta fodya kumawononganso thanzi la chiwindi.
• Khalani ndi kulemera kwabwino. Kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri kungayambitse matenda a chiwindi chamafuta, zomwe zingawononge chiwindi chanu chonse.
• Funsani dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wa zakudya kuti akupatseni upangiri wokhudza zakudya zabwino kwambiri zomwe zingathandize kuti chiwindi chikhale ndi thanzi labwino. Kudya zakudya zoyenera n'kofunika kwambiri.
• Funsani dokotala wanu musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse ogulitsidwa kunja kwa chipatala (OTC). Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa ululu monga Acetaminophen (Tylenol®) pafupipafupi kungakhale kovuta pa chiwindi chanu. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oterewa motsogozedwa ndi dokotala.
• Khalani odzipereka ku nthawi yanu yotsatira ndipo malizitsani mayeso onse oyenera a chiwindi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti muwone momwe mukuyendera.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi (monga malungo, kupweteka kwa thupi, kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya, kapena chikasu), kapena ngati muli kale ndi matenda a chiwindi B ndipo mwaona kuti zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira mwadzidzidzi, muyenera kuwona dokotala wanu . Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukukhulupirira kuti mwapezeka ndi matenda a chiwindi B kapena D, funsani upangiri wa dokotala mwachangu.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi?

Fufuzani chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zazikulu izi:

• Kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba.
• Kusanza kosalekeza kapena koopsa , makamaka ngati simungathe kuchepetsa madzi.
• Kusanza magazi kapena zinthu zomwe zimaoneka ngati khofi wophikidwa.
• Kuchuluka kwa jaundice (kufiira kwambiri kwa maso kapena khungu lanu).
• Kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka maganizo, kapena kuvutika kukhala maso (izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za Hepatic Encephalopathy ).
• Mkodzo wakuda kapena kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kutulutsa kwa mkodzo.
• Chimbudzi chotuwa kapena chadothi.
• Kutupa kwakukulu m'mimba.

Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za kuvutika kwambiri kwa chiwindi kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Ku Nirogi Lanka, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mutenge nawo mbali pa chisamaliro chanu. Mukakumana ndi dokotala wanu, ganizirani kufunsa kuti:

• Kodi ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda a chiwindi omwe ndili nawo?
• Kodi njira zanga zochiritsira ndi ziti?
• Kodi ndiyenera kukhala ndi chithandizochi kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kodi njira yolondola yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala anga ndi iti, ndipo zotsatira zake zingakhale zotani?
• Kodi pali zizindikiro kapena kusintha kwina kumene ndiyenera kusamala nako?
• Kodi chiwindi changa chili bwanji panopa, ndipo ndi mayeso ena ati omwe akufunika?
• Ndi njira ziti zodzitetezera zomwe ndiyenera kutsatira kuti ndisafalitse izi kwa ena?
• Ngati ndili ndi Hepatitis B, ndingachite chiyani china kuti ndipewe kutenga Hepatitis D?

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda a chiwindi a chiwindi B ndi matenda a chiwindi a D?

Matenda a Hepatitis B ndi Hepatitis D onse ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amakhudza chiwindi chanu. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti Hepatitis D ingakupatsireni kokha ngati muli kale ndi Hepatitis B. Kachilombo ka Hepatitis D (HDV) kamagwira ntchito ngati kachilombo "kosakwanira"; sikangathe kupulumuka kapena kubereka kokha ndipo kamadalira kwathunthu "thandizo" la kachilombo ka HBV kuti kabweretse matenda.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti si aliyense amene ali ndi Hepatitis B amene adzadwala Hepatitis D. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi Hepatitis B alibe Hepatitis D.

Kodi matenda a Hepatitis D ndi ofala bwanji?

Akatswiri akuti 5% mpaka 15% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Hepatitis B padziko lonse lapansi—pafupifupi anthu 12 mpaka 45 miliyoni—alinso ndi matenda a HDV. Hepatitis D imapezeka kwambiri m'madera ena a Africa (monga Central Africa), Asia (monga Mongolia, Pakistan), Amazon Basin ku South America, ndi madera ena a Eastern Europe. Sichimapezeka kawirikawiri ku United States ndi Western Europe. Ngakhale sichipezeka kwambiri ku Sri Lanka, chiopsezochi chidakalipo, ndipo tiyenera kusamala.

Popeza kachilombo ka Hepatitis D kamafuna kuti kachilombo ka Hepatitis B (HBV) kayambe matenda, njira yanu yodzitetezera ndi yosavuta: njira iliyonse yomwe mungatenge kuti mupewe matenda a HBV imakutetezaninso ku matenda a Hepatitis D. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa katemera wa Hepatitis B, chiwerengero cha matenda a Hepatitis B, komanso chifukwa chake, matenda a Hepatitis D chikuchepa padziko lonse lapansi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa anthu ambiri amatha kunyamula Hepatitis B popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse.

Ngati muli ndi matenda osatha, gwirani ntchito limodzi ndi dokotala wanu kuti muziyang'anira thanzi la chiwindi chanu nthawi zonse. Kafukufuku wa zamankhwala wopitilira pa njira zatsopano zochiritsira akupitilizabe kupereka chiyembekezo cha njira zabwino zochiritsira mtsogolo.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chotengera

Chiwindi cha Hepatitis D ndi matenda apadera a chiwindi. Mfundo yofunika kukumbukira ndi yakuti simungatenge Hepatitis D pokhapokha ngati kachilombo ka Hepatitis B kali kale m'thupi lanu. Chifukwa chake, kupewa Hepatitis B ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku Hepatitis D.

Kulandira katemera wa Hepatitis B, kugonana motetezeka, komanso kusagawana singano kapena ma syringe ndi njira zofunika kwambiri zomwe mungachite kuti mudziteteze ku Hepatitis B ndi Hepatitis D.

Ngati mwapezeka kale ndi Hepatitis B, chonde musachite mantha. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu, kupita ku mayeso onse okonzedwa, komanso kupewa zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu ya chiwindi, monga kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kapena mankhwala omwe sanakupatseni chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuchita izi kungachepetse kwambiri chiopsezo chanu chotenga Hepatitis D.

Khalani maso ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa, funsani dokotala wanu mwachangu. Kuzindikira msanga ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera mavuto ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wosangalala ndi Nirogi Lanka.

Ma tag: Hepatitis D, Hepatitis D, chiwindi, matenda a chiwindi, mavairasi, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B, HDV, HBV, jaundice, Jaundice, kutupa kwa chiwindi, Cirrhosis, Kulephera kwa chiwindi, khansa ya chiwindi