Kodi "Herd Immunity" iyi yomwe aliyense akunena ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta, sichoncho?

Mwina mwamvapo mawu akuti "Herd Immunity." Anthu ambiri akhala akukamba za izi, makamaka panthawi ya mliri wa COVID-19. Ndiye, kodi zikutanthauza chiyani kwenikweni? Tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono lero, monga kulankhula ndi mnzanu.

Kodi 'Chitetezo cha Ziweto' ichi n'chiyani?

Mwachidule, chitetezo cha m'thupi cha gulu la anthu ndi pamene anthu ambiri m'dera linalake kapena gulu lina ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi (kutanthauza kuti ali otetezedwa) ku kachilombo kena kapena chinthu china choyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa asamafalikire. Tangoganizirani, anthu ambiri akamatetezedwa, mwayi woti kachilomboko kadumphire kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina umachepa.

Pali njira zingapo zomangira chitetezo chamthupi:

• Mwa kudwala ndi kuchira mwachibadwa.
• Kudzera mu katemera.
• Mwa kulandira ma antibodies kuchokera kunja, monga kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana (izi zimatchedwa kuti passive immunity, tidzakambirana za zimenezo posachedwa).

Madokotala amanena kuti katemera ndiye njira yabwino komanso yotetezeka yopewera matendawa .

Aliyense amene ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi amathandiza kupewa kufalikira kwa matendawa kwa ena. Tangoganizani kuti mwalandira katemera. Mwanjira imeneyi, mwayi wopatsira kachilomboka kwa wina umachepa. Zimachepetsanso mwayi woti kachilomboka kasinthe m'thupi mwanu ndikupanga mtundu wina watsopano. Komabe, ngati kachilomboka kakufalikira mwachangu kwambiri, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kwambiri kuti chilepheretse matendawa.

Nthawi zina chitetezo cha gululi chimatchedwanso "community immunity" kapena "population immunity." Zonsezi zikutanthauza chinthu chimodzi.

Kodi chitetezo chamthupi chimakula bwanji?

Ma antibodies ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe matupi athu amapanga kuti amenyane ndi majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda omwe amalowa m'thupi mwathu. Antibody iliyonse imapereka chitetezo ku matenda amodzi okha. Titha kupeza chitetezo ichi m'njira ziwiri zazikulu.

Chitetezo Chogwira Ntchito

Izi zimaphatikizapo kupanga ma antibodies kuchokera m'thupi lathu. Izi zitha kuchitikanso m'njira ziwiri:

1. Chitetezo chachilengedwe: Izi zikutanthauza kuti tikadwala ndikuchira, thupi lathu limapanga ma antibodies olimbana ndi matendawa.

2. Chitetezo ku katemera: Katemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulowetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tofooka kapena tofa (kapena gawo lake) m'thupi lathu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matupi athu apange ma antibodies olimbana ndi matendawa.

Chitetezo chamthupi chogwira ntchitochi chimapatsa thupi lathu "chikumbukiro cha chitetezo chamthupi." Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati titadwalanso matenda omwewo mtsogolo, thupi lathu limatha kuzindikira mwachangu ndikupanga ma antibodies.

Chitetezo Chopanda Mphamvu

Apa ndi pamene timalandira ma antibodies kuchokera kunja kwa thupi lathu. Mwachitsanzo:

• Makanda obadwa kumene amalandira ma antibodies kuchokera kwa amayi awo kudzera mu mkaka wa m'mawere.
• Ma antibodies amapezeka kudzera mu zinthu zina zamagazi.

Mu chitetezo chamthupi chopanda mphamvu ichi, thupi lathu silikhala ndi "chikumbutso" chamtunduwu. Chifukwa chake, chitetezo chomwe chimapereka chimakhalapo pokhapokha titalandira ma antibodies ochokera kunja. Ndi chakanthawi.

Kodi chitetezo cha m'thupi cha ziweto chikugwirizana bwanji ndi COVID-19?

Mukudziwa momwe kachilombo ka `(COVID-19)`, mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, ndi mitundu ina monga `(Delta variant)` ndi `(Omicron variant)` inafalikira mofulumira. M'masiku oyambirira a mliriwu, ofufuza ankaganiza kuti ngati 60% mpaka 70% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi atalandira katemera, atachira ku matendawa, kapena ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi, adzatha kumanga chitetezo chamthupi ku `(COVID-19)`.

Komabe, ofufuza adazindikira kuti chiwerengerochi sichingakhale chokwanira, poganizira momwe mitundu ya `(Delta)` ndi `(Omicron)` imapatsirana. Tsopano ena amati chiwerengerocho chikhoza kufika pa 85%.

Kodi sitingathe kukhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi ku COVID-19 popanda katemera?

Ndipotu, n'kovuta komanso koopsa kwambiri kumanga chitetezo cha mthupi ku matenda monga ``(COVID-19)`` popanda katemera. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, anthu ambiri ayenera kutenga matendawa. Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, anthu ambiri amafa ndipo anthu ambiri amadwala kwambiri.

Pakadali pano, ngakhale ndi katemera, pali mavuto ena pakupeza chitetezo chamthupi cha ziweto. Yang'anani:

• Anthu ena amavomereza kuti katemera ndi wotetezeka, koma safuna kumwa.
• Anthu ena sangalandire katemera pazifukwa za thanzi.
• Anthu ena (monga omwe ali ndi chitetezo chochepa chamthupi - `(immunocompromised)`) sapanga ma antibodies moyenera ngakhale atalandira katemera.
• Ngakhale titachira ku COVID-19 kapena kulandira katemera, sitikudziwabe nthawi yeniyeni yomwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimatenga.
• Si aliyense padziko lapansi amene amalandira katemera wofanana.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti kuyembekezera chitetezo cha m'thupi popanda katemera kuli ngati kuchita ngozi yaikulu.

Zimene tinaphunzira zokhudza chitetezo cha m'gulu la ziweto ku chikuku ndi fuluwenza

Katemera watipulumutsadi ku matenda oopsa. Sitikuganizanso za chikuku ngati matenda oopsa, koma m'madera ena padziko lapansi kumene kulibe chithandizo chabwino chamankhwala, pafupifupi 5% ya ana omwe amadwala chikuku amafa. M'mayiko ngati United States, komwe katemera wakhala wofala, milandu ya chikuku yatsika ndi oposa 99%.

Komabe, nthawi zina kufalikira kwa chikuku kumachitika mwa anthu omwe sanalandire katemera. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2019, panali milandu 1,282 ya chikuku ku United States, chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri kuyambira mu 1992. Anthu omwe sanalandire katemera, makamaka omwe adapita kunja, komanso omwe amakhala m'madera omwe sanalandire katemera, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Ngakhale kuti katemera amatha kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi ku matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo komweko, monga chikuku ndi nthomba, matenda monga chimfine (timawatcha "chimfine") ndi osiyana pang'ono. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavairasi omwe angayambitse chimfine. Katemera wa chimfine woperekedwa chaka chilichonse amapangidwa motsutsana ndi mitundu ingapo ya mavairasi omwe amaganiziridwa kuti ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri chaka chimenecho.

Kulandira katemera wa chimfine kungalepheretse imfa, makamaka pakati pa ana. Kungachepetsenso kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso kufunika kokhala m'chipatala. Kumatetezanso ena omwe ali pafupi nafe. Komabe, ngakhale zinthu zonsezi zabwino, anthu ambiri salandira katemera wa chimfine chaka chilichonse.

Zoopsa Zokhudza Kuteteza Kuthupi kwa Ziweto "Zachilengedwe"

Kumanga chitetezo cha m'thupi ku matenda oopsa "mwachibadwa" kumatanthauza kulola anthu ambiri kufa ndi ena ambiri kudwala kwambiri. Takhala tikugwiritsa ntchito katemera kwa zaka zambiri kuti tidziteteze tokha komanso anthu otizungulira omwe sangalandire katemera, ali aang'ono kwambiri kuti alandire katemera, kapena ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka ndipo sayankha bwino katemera. Ndiko kuti, kumanga chitetezo chamthupi cha m'thupi.

Pomaliza, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kotero, mwina tsopano mwamvetsa tanthauzo la chitetezo cha m'gulu la ziweto komanso kufunika kwake pa chitetezo cha aliyense m'gulu lathu.

• Katemera ndiye njira yabwino komanso yotetezeka yopezera chitetezo cha m'gulu.
• Mukalandira katemera, mumateteza osati inu nokha, komanso banja lanu, anzanu, ndi anthu onse ammudzi.
• Makamaka, omwe sangapeze katemera (monga makanda aang'ono, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake, ndi omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka) amalandira chitetezo chachikulu.
• Mu matenda omwe amafalikira mofulumira monga COVID-19, njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi matendawa ndikupereka katemera kwa anthu ambiri momwe angathere ndikulimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi.

Choncho, monga momwe madokotala amalangizira, pezani katemera wanu ndikuthandizira kumanga chitetezo chamthupi ichi. Zitipindulitsa tonse!

Chitetezo cha m'thupi , Katemera, Chitetezo cha m'thupi, COVID-19, Kachilombo ka HIV, Matenda Opatsirana, Thanzi Loteteza ku Matenda