Tiyeni tiphunzire za mapapo odzaza ndi mpweya wambiri.

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kupuma movutikira, kupsinjika pachifuwa panu, kapena kutopa nthawi zonse? Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za izi ndichakuti mapapu anu amadzaza kwambiri, zomwe madokotala amatcha (Hyperinflated Lungs) . Tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane komanso lero.

Kodi mapapo odzaza ndi mpweya wambiri ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, izi zimachitika pamene machubu ang'onoang'ono (njira zopumira) m'mapapo mwanu omwe amatulutsa mpweya atsekedwa. Kenako, mukapuma, mpweya wonsewo sungathe kutuluka. Pamodzi ndi mpweya umenewo, mamina m'mapapo mwanu amatsekeredwanso. Taganizirani ngati kuuzira mpweya mu baluni ndipo umadzaza, koma ngati mpweya pang'ono utsekeredwa mkati, umadzaza kwambiri, eti? Ndicho chimene chimachitikira mapapu anu.

Mpweya ndi mamina zikamatsekeredwa m'mapapo motere, zimakhala zovuta kupuma, ndipo mapapo amakula kuposa momwe ayenera kukhalira. Pakapita nthawi, izi zitha kuwononga mapapo, kukhudza mtima, ndikuletsa thupi kuti lisalandire mpweya wokwanira . Chifukwa chake, iyi ndi vuto lomwe limafuna chisamaliro.

Dokotala angakuyeseni ndikukuyesani mayeso monga X-ray kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi vutoli. Chithandizo cha izi chimaphatikizapo mankhwala opumira, ma nebulizer , masewera olimbitsa thupi apadera opumira, komanso nthawi zina opaleshoni.

N’chifukwa chiyani mapapu amatupa chonchi? Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha kutupa kwambiri kwa mapapo ndi matenda otchedwa COPD , kapena Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . Ili si matenda amodzi okha, koma kuphatikiza kwa matenda angapo okhudzana ndi mapapo. Awiri akuluakulu ndi awa:

1.Matenda a Bronchitis Osatha: Apa ndi pamene bronchi , kapena njira zopumira, m'mapapo mwanu zimatupa ndi kutupa pakapita nthawi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mpata ukhale wochepa mkati mwa machubu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma. Zimapangitsanso kuti mamina ambiri azisonkhana.

2. Emphysema : Apa ndi pamene matumba ampweya ofewa kwambiri m'mapapo amawonongeka ndikuwonongeka kwamuyaya. Matumba awa ndi omwe amatithandiza kutenga mpweya ndikuchotsa mpweya woipa. Izi zikawonongeka, mpweya sungalowe ndi kutuluka bwino, ndipo umalowa mkati.

Kuwonjezera pa matenda a COPD, matenda ena a m'mapapo omwe amakhudza momwe mumapumira (kutulutsa mpweya) angayambitsenso mapapu anu kutupa motere. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Mphumu : Mukudziwa kuti mukakhala ndi mphumu, zimakhala zovuta kupuma. Vutoli likhoza kuchitikanso chifukwa njira zopumira mpweya zimatsekedwa.
• Matenda a Cystic Fibrosis: Uwu ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Pa vutoli, mamina m'mapapo amakhala okhuthala kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kovuta.
• Bronchiectasis: Pa vutoli, njira zopumira mpweya zimakula nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mamina azisonkhana ndipo zimayambitsa matenda.
• Bronchiolitis: Iyi ndi matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana aang'ono ndipo amakhudza kutupa kwa njira zazing'ono kwambiri zopumira m'mapapo.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Kutupa kwa m'mapapo kumapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD. Akuti anthu 15-20 miliyoni ku United States amakhala ndi COPD. Komabe, palibe ziwerengero zenizeni za kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kutupa kwa m'mapapo kumeneku. Komabe, ndi kofala pakati pa odwala COPD.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za kukwera kwa mpweya m'mapapo zimafanana ndi zomwe zimachitikira anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kupuma movutikira: Kupuma movutikira kumachitika ngakhale mutayenda pang'ono kapena kukwera masitepe. Nthawi zina, ngakhale kungoyima pang'ono kungakupangitseni kumva ngati mukupuma movutikira.
• Kupuma pang'ono:N'zovuta kupuma mozama ndikutulutsa mpweya, umangopuma pang'onopang'ono.
• Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse, kusowa mphamvu: Kumva ngati ulibe mphamvu zochitira chilichonse, nthawi zonse ukumva kutopa.
• Kutsekeka kwa chifuwa: Chifuwa chimamveka ngati kuti china chake chatsekeka mkati, ngati kuti chadzaza ndi mamina.

Mungakumane ndi zizindikirozi popanda kuchita khama kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungamve kupuma movutikira komanso kutopa ngakhale mukuchita zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Tangoganizirani momwe zingakhalire zovuta kuchita ngakhale ntchito zochepa zapakhomo kapena kupita kusitolo.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha izi?

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake a kupuma ndi mapapo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa, chifukwa matendawa amadziwika kuti ndi omwe amayambitsa vutoli. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga COPD, mphumu, ndi emphysema ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Kusuta fodya ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa izi. Kusuta fodya kumawononga mapapo mwachindunji, zomwe zingayambitse matenda monga COPD, omwe angayambitse kutupa m'mapapo.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a majini. Chitsanzo ndi kusowa kwa Alpha-1 antitrypsin . Uwu ndi matenda a majini omwe angayambitsenso emphysema ndi khansa ya m'mapapo.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Chimodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu omwe angabwere chifukwa cha kudzaza mapapo mopitirira muyeso ndi kupanikizika kwa mtima . Kumbukirani, mtima uli pakati pa mapapo. Ngati mapapo adzaza kwambiri, ukhoza kukakamiza mtima. Pakapita nthawi, kupanikizika kumeneku kungayambitse kusintha kwa momwe mtima wanu umapopera magazi kupita ku mapapo. Izi zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa mtima ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi anu .

Kuphatikiza apo, kutupa m'mapapo kungakhale kusokoneza kwambiri moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Kuvuta kupuma kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kuchita ngakhale ntchito zophweka kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa moyo wanu.

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji izi?

Dokotala adzakufunsani za mbiri yanu ya matenda ndi zizindikiro zanu, ndikukuyang'anirani. Iye adzamvetsera mapapu anu ndi mtima wanu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope ndikukupemphani kuti mupume mpweya wozama pang'ono. Pakuyesedwa thupi, mungazindikire kuti chifuwa chanu chikukwera ndi kugwa pamene mukupuma.

Pambuyo pake, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso ena kuti awone momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• X-ray ya pachifuwa: Izi zitha kujambula mapapu anu, mtima, ndi ziwalo zina pachifuwa chanu. Zingakupatseni lingaliro la ngati mapapu anu ali otupa kwambiri.
• Kujambula kwa CT (Computerized tomography (CT) scan): Izi zingapangitse chithunzi chomveka bwino komanso chatsatanetsatane cha mapapo ndi mtima kuposa X-ray.
• Mayeso a ntchito ya m'mapapo (PFTs): Mayesowa amawunika kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mapapu anu ali nawo komanso momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito.

Dokotala wanu angakutumizireninso kwa dokotala yemwe ndi katswiri wa matenda opuma, katswiri wa matenda a m'mapapo .

Kodi kutupa kwa mapapo kumeneku ndi vuto lalikulu?

Inde, kukwera kwa mpweya m'thupi (hyperinflation) kungakhale vuto lalikulu . Sikuti kumawononga mapapo okha komanso kusokoneza moyo, komanso kungayambitse mtima kupanikizika komanso kumayambitsa matenda monga kulephera kwa mtima. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.

Kodi chithandizo cha izi ndi chiyani?

Chithandizo cha kukwera kwa mitengo kumadalira momwe zizindikiro zanu zilili zazikulu komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Mankhwala ena omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi awa:

• Mankhwala ochepetsa ma bronchi:Mankhwala awa ndi omwe amamasula minofu yozungulira njira zanu zopumira ndikuzikulitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya utuluke mosavuta m'mapapo mwanu. Nthawi zambiri amabwera ngati ma inhalers kapena ngati madzi omwe mumayika mu nebulizer ndikupumira.
• Njira zopumira: Dokotala wanu angakuphunzitseni masewera olimbitsa thupi apadera opumira, monga kupuma ndi milomo, kuti akuthandizeni kukulitsa njira zanu zopumira. Kubwezeretsa mpweya m'mapapo ndi pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imaphatikizapo maphunziro olimbitsa thupi omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo monga COPD.
• Chithandizo cha mpweya: Anthu ena amafunika kupatsidwa mpweya wowonjezera, kaya kudzera mu kannula ya m'mphuno kapena chophimba nkhope. Izi zimathandiza thupi kupeza mpweya womwe limafunikira.
• Zipangizo zothandizira kupuma: Zipangizo monga nebulizer ndi makina a CPAP zingathandize kuti mpweya utuluke mosavuta m'mapapo.
• Opaleshoni yochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapapo: Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ngati njira yomaliza pamene njira zina zonse zalephera. Zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa mbali zowonongeka za mapapo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ziwalo zina zathanzi zigwire ntchito bwino.

Kodi kupuma kwa mapapo kudzabwerera mwakale?

Mwatsoka, kuwonongeka kwa mapapo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosatha . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, sikuchira mokwanira. Komabe, chithandizo choyenera chingachepetse zizindikiro, kuchepetsa kufunikira kokhala kuchipatala pafupipafupi, komanso kuchepetsa kufunikira kopita kuchipatala mwadzidzidzi (ETUs) . Ngakhale chithandizo chingakuthandizeni kupuma mosavuta, sichidzabwezeretsa mpweya wanu ndi minofu ya mapapo kukhala bwino.

Kodi tsogolo la zinthu lili bwanji ndi vutoli?

Ndi chithandizo choyenera, ngakhale munthu amene ali ndi emphysema yoopsa akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.Ngakhale kuti mapapo anu sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni mankhwala oletsa kuwonongeka kwina ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwina kwa mapapo.

Koma ngati sichikuchiritsidwa, kutupa kwa m'mapapo kumatha kuwononga mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda aakulu monga kulephera kwa mtima. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo ndi chofunikira.

Kodi izi zingapewedwe bwanji?

Njira yabwino yopewera COPD ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti mupewe. Kusuta fodya ndiye chifukwa cha 90% ya milandu ya COPD. Chifukwa chake, kusiya kusuta fodya ndi kupewa utsi wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ena ndiyo njira zabwino kwambiri zopewera COPD ndi COPD. Ndikofunikanso kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukuvutika kupuma, makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda a m'mapapo monga COPD kapena mphumu, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo . Nazi zizindikiro zina zomwe muyenera kuziyang'anira:

• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kuvuta kupuma (kupuma).
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri komanso kusowa mphamvu ngakhale popanda kuchita khama kwambiri.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Ngati kupuma kwanu sikukuyenda bwino ngakhale mutayesetsa kwambiri, pitani kuchipatala chapafupi nthawi yomweyo . Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi emphysema amatha kupuma mosavuta ndi chithandizo choyenera. Komabe, ngati mpweya wanu watha, ndi vuto lachipatala.

` ## Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
Kukhala ndi vuto la m'mapapo lomwe limakupangitsani kupuma movutikira kungakhudze moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchita ntchito zachizolowezi. Kutupa m'mapapo ndi vuto lofala lomwe lingakhudze anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo monga COPD ndi mphumu. Dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wa mapapu angakuthandizeni kupeza chithandizo chomwe chingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro monga kupuma movutikira.

> **Ndikofunikira kwambiri kumwa mankhwala onse monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera.** Ngakhale sitingathe kuwongolera matenda ena a m'mapapo, mutha kuchitapo kanthu kuti muwapewe mwa kusiya kusuta fodya, kupewa utsi wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ena, komanso kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi mpweya woipa. Samalani thanzi lanu.

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Kutsekeka kwa mapapo, kupuma movutikira, COPD, mphumu, matenda a mapapo, matenda opuma, kusuta fodya