Kodi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'thupi n'koopsa? (Hyperkalemia) Tiyeni tiphunzire bwino lomwe chomwe chili

Kodi dokotala adakuuzanipo kuti, "Potassium m'magazi mwanu ndi wokwera pang'ono, samalani ndi zomwe mumadya ndi kumwa"? Kapena kodi potaziyamu ndi nkhani yokambirana nthawi zonse chifukwa wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda a impso? Ambiri aife tikuda nkhawa ndi kuchepetsa kudya kwa sodium, koma sitiganizira kwambiri za michere yofunikayi yotchedwa potaziyamu. Koma ikapitirira kuchuluka komwe kumafunika m'thupi lathu, vuto lotchedwa hyperkalemia, lomwe limadziwika ndi azachipatala, nthawi zina limatha kuchitika mwakachetechete ndikuyambitsa vuto loopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane komanso mosavuta.

Kodi Hyperkalemia ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, hyperkalemia imachitika pamene potaziyamu m'magazi mwanu ndi wokwera kuposa wabwinobwino.

Taganizirani za potaziyamu ngati chowongolera chamagetsi chaching'ono m'matupi athu. Chili ngati makina olumikizira mawaya m'nyumba mwathu. Madokotala amatcha ma electrolyte awa. Awa ndi mchere womwe mwachilengedwe umapanga mphamvu yamagetsi ikasungunuka m'madzi kapena madzi ngati magazi athu. Electrolyte iyi, potaziyamu, ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti matupi athu azigwira ntchito bwino.

Kodi potaziyamu imagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi lathu?

• Zimathandiza minofu kukokana ndi kupumula: Tikasuntha miyendo yathu, kuyenda, ndi mtima wathu kugunda, zonsezi zimafuna kuti minofu igwire ntchito. Potaziyamu imathandiza pa izi.
• Amanyamula mauthenga a mitsempha: Potaziyamu imathandiza kunyamula mauthenga ochokera ku ubongo m'thupi lonse komanso kutumiza malingaliro kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi kupita ku ubongo.
• Amabweretsa michere m'maselo ndikuchotsa zinyalala: Potaziyamu imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothandiza mathililiyoni ambiri a maselo m'thupi lathu kuyamwa michere yomwe amafunikira ndikuchotsa zinyalala zomwe amapanga.
• Amalamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi: Potaziyamu imathandizanso kuwongolera kukwera kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mchere (sodium) womwe timadya.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani kwenikweni potaziyamu ikawonjezeka?

Matupi athu amapeza potaziyamu kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe timadya ndi kumwa. Nthawi zambiri, impso ziwiri mwa munthu wathanzi zimagwira ntchito ngati zosefera ziwiri zogwira ntchito bwino . Impso izi zimasunga potaziyamu yomwe thupi limafunikira ndikutulutsa yochulukirapo kudzera mu mkodzo.

Koma taganizirani ngati china chake chalakwika ndi fyuluta iyi? Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, potaziyamu wowonjezera womwe umasonkhana m'thupi sungatuluke ndipo umayamba kusonkhana m'magazi. Kuchulukana kwa potaziyamu m'magazi ndi komwe timatcha hyperkalemia.

Nthawi zambiri, sitidziwa mosavuta kuti potaziyamu wathu ndi wokwera. Ndicho chifukwa chake imatha kukhala mdani wachinsinsi.

Kodi potaziyamu wabwino ndi wotani?

Mulingo wabwinobwino wa potaziyamu m'magazi a munthu wamkulu uyenera kukhala pakati pa 3.5 ndi 5.0 millimoles/lita (mmol/L).

• Hyperkalemia imachitika pamene mulingo uwu wa shuga ukupitirira 5.5 mmol/L.
• Kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'thupi kupitirira 6.5 mmol/L ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limafuna chithandizo chamankhwala chadzidzidzi, chifukwa kuchuluka kumeneku kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mtima.

Kodi zizindikiro za potaziyamu wambiri ndi ziti?

Nthawi zambiri, ngati mulingo wanu wa potaziyamu uli wokwera pang'ono (Mild Hyperkalemia), simungakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Kapena, ngakhale mutakhala ndi zizindikiro, zitha kukhala zofala kwambiri kotero kuti sitizisamala kwambiri. Zizindikirozi sizimabwera mwadzidzidzi, ndipo zimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono pakatha milungu kapena miyezi.

Koma potaziyamu ikakwera kwambiri, imatha kukhudza mtima ndikuyambitsa zizindikiro zadzidzidzi, zoopsa, komanso zoopsa pa moyo.

Tiyeni tifotokoze bwino izi ndi tebulo ili m'munsimu.

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri: Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga (ETU). Si chinthu chomwe mungachichiritse kunyumba.

N’chifukwa chiyani potaziyamu imachuluka? Kodi zifukwa zazikulu ndi ziti?

Chomwe chimayambitsa hyperkalemia ndi matenda a impso . Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso osatha (CKD) ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Impso zikawonongeka, sizingathe kusefa bwino zinyalala (kuphatikizapo potaziyamu wochuluka) kuchokera m'magazi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti potaziyamu ichuluke m'magazi.

Kuwonjezera pa matenda a impso, zinthu izi zingayambitsenso kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'thupi:

• Zakudya zokhala ndi potaziyamu wambiri: Nthawi zonse muzidya zakudya zokhala ndi potaziyamu wambiri, monga nthochi, malalanje, ndi tomato, ndipo muzimwa zakudya zowonjezera zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu.
• Mankhwala ena: Mankhwala ena, makamaka omwe amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi (monga ACE inhibitors, ARBs) ndi mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu, amatha kusokoneza mphamvu ya impso kutulutsa potaziyamu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala omwe mukumwa.
• Matenda a shuga: Matenda a shuga osalamulirika amatha kuwononga impso. Komanso, kusowa kwa insulin kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'thupi.
• Matenda a Addison: Ichi ndi vuto lokhudzana ndi mahomoni.
• Kupsa pamalo akuluakulu a thupi.
• Matenda ena a majini: Awa ndi osowa kwambiri.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji vutoli?

Popeza nthawi zambiri sizikhala ndi zizindikiro zenizeni, mungadziwe kuti potaziyamu m'thupi lanu ndi wokwera pokhapokha mutayesedwa magazi pazifukwa zina.

1. Kuyesa kwa Potaziyamu m'magazi: Uku ndi kuyesa kosavuta kwa magazi komwe kungathe kuyeza molondola kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'magazi anu.

2. Electrocardiogram (EKG): Popeza kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'thupi kumatha kukhudza mtima, dokotala wanu angakupatseni EKG. Iyi ndi kujambula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya mtima. Pamene kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'thupi kuli kwakukulu, kusintha kwina kungawonekere pa EKG iyi. Izi zingathandize kuwona kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mtima.

Kodi mankhwala otani a potaziyamu wochuluka?

Chithandizo cha hyperkalemia chimadalira kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'thupi lanu, chomwe chinayambitsa vutoli, komanso ngati muli ndi matenda ena.

Nazi zina mwa njira zazikulu zochizira:

Kodi n’chiyani chingachitike kuti tipewe ndi kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m’thupi?

Njira yabwino yopewera hyperkalemia ndiyo kusamalira thanzi la impso zanu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu yomwe mumalandira m'thupi lanu.

Zakudya Zopanda Potaziyamu

Ngati muli pachiopsezo cha hyperkalemia, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zopanda potaziyamu wambiri. Mungafunike kusiya kapena kuchepetsa zakudya zina zokhala ndi potaziyamu wambiri. Ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wa zakudya za zakudya zamtunduwu ndikupanga dongosolo la chakudya lomwe likugwirizana ndi inu.

Zakudya zomwe ziyenera kuchepetsedwa kapena kupewa chifukwa zili ndi potaziyamu wambiri:

• Zipatso zouma: prunes, apricots zouma, madeti
• Zipatso zatsopano: nthochi, mavwende, malalanje, ma tangerines, nectarines
• Ndiwo zamasamba zina: sipinachi, tomato, mbatata, mbatata, bowa, mapeyala
• Msuzi wa phwetekere ndi ketchup
• Nyama zina: ng'ombe, nsomba (makamaka nsomba ya salimoni, tuna)
• Zinthu zolowa m'malo mwa mchere zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu : Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito izi m'malo mwa mchere. Werengani chizindikiro chomwe chili pa paketi.

Zinthu zina zoti muchite

• Pita kukayezetsa kuchipatala nthawi zonse: Ngati muli ndi vutoli, pitani kukayezetsa magazi nthawi zonse ndipo yang'anirani kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'thupi lanu monga momwe dokotala wanu walangizira.
• Imwani mankhwala anu monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera: Imwani mankhwalawo pa mlingo woyenera komanso panthawi yoyenera.
• Lamulirani matenda ena: Ngati muli ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi, yang'anirani bwino, chifukwa amatha kuwononga impso.