Kodi nthawi zambiri mumadwala? Ichi chingakhale chifukwa chake: Tiyeni tiphunzire za hypogammaglobulinemia.

Kodi nthawi zambiri mumadwala chimfine, chimfine, ndi chifuwa? Kapena mwana wanu nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda a m'khutu kapena matenda a sinus? Nthawi zina timaganiza kuti awa ndi matenda wamba, koma ngati matendawa akupitilizabe kubwereranso, pakhoza kukhala chifukwa china. Vuto limodzi lomwe lingaganiziridwe kuti ndi hypogammaglobulinemia. Ngakhale kuti ndi dzina lalitali pang'ono, tiyeni timvetse mosavuta.

Kodi hypogammaglobulinemia ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, hypogammaglobulinemia ndi vuto lomwe thupi lanu limakhala ndi ma antibodies ochepa. Dzina lina la ma antibodies amenewa ndi immunoglobulin. Tsopano tangoganizani kuti thupi lathu lili ngati linga. Adani omwe amabwera ku linga ili ndi majeremusi, monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya. Choncho asilikali omwe amatiteteza ku adani awa ndi chitetezo chathu chamthupi .

Chitetezo cha mthupi ichi chili ndi mtundu wapadera wa selo lotchedwa B-cells . Ali ngati ma commando ophunzitsidwa mwapadera. Kachirombo kakalowa m'thupi, ma B-cell amenewa amapanga ma antibodies otchedwa immunoglobulins. Ma antibodies amenewa amapita kukagwira kachilomboka ndikukawononga. Pamenepo ndiye kuti sitidwala, kapena timachira msanga ku matendawa.

Mudzadziwa za vutoli pokhapokha mukayezetsa magazi.

Tiyeni tidule mawu awa kuti timvetse bwino:

• Hypo: kutanthauza kuti pansi pa muyezo wamba.
• Ma immunoglobulin a Gamma: Awa ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa immunoglobulin.
• Emia: amatanthauza m'magazi.

Choncho, pamene kuchuluka kwa immunoglobulin m'magazi mwanu kwachepa, chitetezo cha thupi lanu chimafooka. Kenako majeremusi amatha kuukira thupi lanu mosavuta. Chifukwa chake , mumakhala ndi mwayi wopeza matenda ndi matenda ena.

Kodi pali mitundu ya izi?

Inde, vuto lotchedwa hypogammaglobulinemia lingakhudze ana ndi akulu omwe. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:

1. Hypogammaglobulinemia yoyamba (yobadwa nayo): Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena osowa a majini. Timatcha matenda oyamba a chitetezo chamthupi (PIDD) . Mwachidule, mukabadwa, mumabadwa ndi cholakwika china (mutation) m'majini anu. Majini amenewa ndi omwe amalangiza chitetezo chamthupi momwe chiyenera kugwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake pakakhala cholakwika mu malangizo amenewo, chitetezo chamthupi chimachepa. Zolakwika za majinizi nthawi zambiri zimatha kuperekedwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo.

2. Hypogammaglobulinemia yachiwiri (yomwe yapezeka): Iyi ndiMtundu wofala kwambiri. Matendawa angayambitsidwe ndi matenda osiyanasiyana kapena ngati zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala ena. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumabadwa ndi thanzi labwino kenako n’kudwala matendawa mtsogolo.

Kodi vutoli ndi losowa bwanji?

Hypogammaglobulinemia ndi imodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri a immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs) omwe atchulidwa kale. Komabe, matenda a PIDD si matenda ofala kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, akuti anthu pafupifupi theka la miliyoni ku United States amakhala ndi PIDD.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha hypogammaglobulinemia mwa ana ndi akuluakulu ndi matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi kapena kwa nthawi yayitali. Zizindikiro zimadalira mtundu wa matenda omwe amapezeka. Matenda ndi zizindikiro zofala kwambiri zokhudzana ndi hypogammaglobulinemia ndi izi:

• Matenda a m'khutu: kupweteka kwa khutu, kuvulala kwa ntchafu ya khutu (nthawi zina kumabala), malungo. (Tangoganizani kuti ana ena ali ndi matenda a m'khutu osatha, omwe amabwereranso mobwerezabwereza ngakhale atalandira mankhwala.)
• Matenda a sinus: Mphuno yotuluka madzi kapena mphuno yotsekeka, kutopa, malungo. (Anthu ena amadzuka m'mawa akumva kutsekeka komanso kutopa, eti? Ngati zikupitirira, muyenera kuda nkhawa.)
• Matenda a m'mphuno: Chifuwa chosalekeza, kupuma movutikira, malungo.
• Chibayo: Kulimba kapena kupweteka pachifuwa, kuvutika kupuma, malungo.
• Fuluwenza yam'mimba: kutsegula m'mimba, nseru, kusanza, malungo.
• Matenda a Meningitis: Khosi lolimba, mutu, malungo. (Izi ndi zoopsa pang'ono, muyenera kuzipeza mwachangu.)
• Matenda a pakhungu: zilonda pakhungu, kutupa, kuyabwa, malungo.

Komanso, zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi vuto lomwe limayambitsa kuchepa kwa immunoglobulin. Mwachitsanzo, mwana yemwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya PIDD amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi ziwengo. Mitundu ina ingayambitsenso kuchedwa kwa kukula ndi chitukuko.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa izi?

Pali zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zingachitike. Kaya chitetezo cha mthupi chanu sichipanga ma immunoglobulins okwanira, kapena omwe amapanga amawonongeka pazifukwa zina. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimasiyana malinga ndi ngati muli ndi lupus yoyamba kapena yachiwiri.

Zifukwa za hypogammaglobulinemia yoyamba

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya `PIDD` yomwe ingakhale yogwirizana ndi izi ndi:

• Kusowa kwa chitetezo chamthupi chofanana (Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID): Vuto la majini lomwe limalepheretsa thupi kupanga ma immunoglobulins okwanira. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha hypogammaglobulinemia yayikulu mwa akuluakulu.
• Agammaglobulinemia yolumikizidwa ndi X (XLA): Vuto la majini pa chromosome ya X limalepheretsa thupi kupanga maselo a B kapena ma immunoglobulin okwanira. Izi zimakhudza makamaka makanda aamuna (chifukwa ali ndi chromosome imodzi yokha ya X). XLA ndi chifukwa chofala cha hypogammaglobulinemia mwa ana.
• Kuchepa kwa Thupi kwa Thupi kwa Ana (THI): Izi zimachitika pamene kuchuluka kwa immunoglobulin m'thupi la mwana kumayamba kutsika ali ndi miyezi itatu. Ana omwe ali ndi THI amatha kutenga matenda, koma nthawi zambiri samasonyeza zizindikiro. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amatha okha akafika zaka zitatu.
• Kusowa kwa IgA yosankha: Izi zimachitika pamene thupi silipanga mokwanira mtundu winawake wa immunoglobulin wotchedwa Immunoglobulin A.
• Matenda a Hyper-IgM: Mu izi, mitundu ina ya immunoglobulin imapangidwa mwachizolowezi kapena mopitirira muyeso, koma ina simapangidwa mokwanira.

Kuonjezera pa izi, palinso mitundu ina ya PIDD yomwe imayambitsa hypogammaglobulinemia yoyamba:

• Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia (ARA)
• Matenda Abwino (GS)
• Kulephera kwa immunoglobulin komwe sikuli kwa IgG
• Kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi chophatikizana (SCID)
• Kusowa kwa ma antibodies enieni (SAD)
• Matenda a Wiskott-Aldrich (WAS)

Zifukwa za hypogammaglobulinemia yachiwiri

Izi ndi zifukwa zomwe vutoli lingachitike pambuyo pake:

• Mankhwala: Mankhwala ena angayambitse kuchepa kwa immunoglobulin. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi, mankhwala oletsa khunyu, corticosteroids, ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy.
• Matenda a Nephrotic: Mu mkhalidwe uwu, impso zanu zimatulutsa mapuloteni ambiri mu mkodzo wanu. Ma immunoglobulins, omwenso ndi mapuloteni, amatha kutuluka m'thupi mwanjira imeneyi.
• Matenda a enteropathy otaya mapuloteni: Izi zimachitika pamene mapuloteni ambiri amatayika m'thupi lanu kudzera m'mimba mwanu.
• Khansa:Khansa zomwe zimakhudza maselo anu a B zingayambitse kuchepa kwa immunoglobulin. Mwachitsanzo, khansa monga khansa ya chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, ndi multiple myeloma.
• HIV: HIV ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (STI). Ingayambitsenso hypogammaglobulinemia ndi mavuto ena a chitetezo chamthupi.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Ngati sichichiritsidwa, hypogammaglobulinemia ingayambitse matenda aakulu komanso mavuto omwe angawopseze moyo . Vuto lofala kwambiri ndi bronchiectasis . Imeneyi ndi vuto lomwe mapapo amawonongeka kwamuyaya. Vutoli limapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana m'mapapo am'mwamba pafupipafupi.

Tangoganizirani munthu amene ali ndi vuto la m'mapapo ndipo ali ndi chifuwa chosalekeza komanso chotupa. Pamene mapapo ake akuwonongeka nthawi zonse, vutoli likhoza kukhala losatha.

Kuphatikiza apo, hypogammaglobulinemia imawonjezera chiopsezo cha:

• Matenda a Autoimmune: Izi ndi matenda omwe chitetezo chamthupi chanu chimaukira maselo a thupi lanu.
• Kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamkati.
• Khansa.
• Sepsis: Iyi ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafalikira m'thupi lonse.

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji izi?

Madokotala adzayesa magazi kuti ayesere kuchuluka kwa immunoglobulin yanu. Ngati kuchuluka kwanu kuli kotsika kuposa kwachizolowezi, mutha kupezeka ndi hypogammaglobulinemia. Dokotala wanu adzaika matenda anu m'magulu ofatsa, apakati, kapena ovuta .

Kuti adziwe chomwe chikuyambitsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, dokotalayo adzaganizira izi:

• Zizindikiro zanu: Makamaka ngati mumadwala matenda pafupipafupi.
• Mbiri ya matenda a m'banja mwanu: Kodi pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene ali ndi PIDD?
• Mankhwala omwe mukumwa: Makamaka mankhwala omwe angayambitse hypogammaglobulinemia ngati zotsatira zoyipa.

Mungafunikenso kuyesedwa kwina, komwe kungaphatikizepo:

• Mayeso ena a magazi: Mwachitsanzo, kuwerengera magazi onse, mayeso a ma antibodies, ndi mayeso omwe amayang'ana momwe ziwalo zanu zikugwirira ntchito.
• Njira zojambulira: Kuyang'ana ngati minofu yawonongeka chifukwa cha matenda kapena zotupa (monga X-ray, CT scan)
• Mayeso a majini: Yang'anani zolakwika za majini zomwe zimagwirizana ndi PIDD.
• Kuyesa kwa biopsy:Kutenga minofu ndi kuyesa kuti aone ngati pali maselo a khansa.

Kodi izi zimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo chimadalira chifukwa cha hypogammaglobulinemia yanu komanso kuopsa kwake. Muthanso kutumizidwa kwa katswiri wa chitetezo chamthupi.

Ngati vutoli ndi lochokera ku matenda enaake , madokotala nthawi zambiri amachiza vuto lomwe limayambitsa matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuchuluka kwa immunoglobulin yanu kuli kochepa chifukwa cha zotsatirapo za mankhwala omwe mukumwa, mankhwalawo angasinthidwe.

Ngati muli ndi vuto lalikulu la hypogammaglobulinemia , muyenera kukhala pansi pa utsogoleri wa dokotala moyo wanu wonse kuti mudziteteze ku matenda akuluakulu. Njira zina zochiritsira zingaphatikizepo:

• Kudikira Mosamala: Ngati kuchuluka kwa immunoglobulin yanu sikubweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu pa thanzi lanu, dokotala wanu angayang'anire vuto lanu. Matenda omwe amatha okha, monga transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infant (THI), omwe atchulidwa kale, sangafunike chithandizo.
• Mankhwala Opha Utoto: Mungapatsidwe mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti muchiritse matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya kapena kuti mupewe matenda.
• Chithandizo cholowa m'malo mwa Immunoglobulin (IgG): Ngati kuchuluka kwa immunoglobulin yanu kuli kochepa kwambiri, mutha kupatsidwa immunoglobulin kuchokera kwa wopereka. Izi zimaperekedwa ngati jakisoni mumtsempha (IV) kapena pansi pa khungu (pansi pa khungu). Anthu omwe ali ndi PIDD omwe amafunikira chithandizochi nthawi zambiri amafunika kumwa mankhwalawa moyo wawo wonse.
• Kusamutsa maselo oyambira: Ngati thupi lanu silingathe kupanga maselo oteteza thupi ku matenda, mutha kuyika maselo oyambira kuchokera kwa wopereka. Maselo oyambira awa pambuyo pake adzasanduka maselo athanzi a magazi, kuphatikizapo maselo a B.

Kodi izi ndi nkhani yaikulu?

Hypogammaglobulinemia ikhoza kukhala yoopsa kwambiri. Zimatengera chifukwa chake komanso momwe milingo ya immunoglobulin yanu ilili yotsika. Ma immunoglobulin ali ngati asilikali m'thupi lathu omwe amalimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mavairasi, mabakiteriya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi bowa. Chifukwa chake asilikaliwa akapanda kutiteteza, timakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda oopsa pafupipafupi. Ngati sitilandira chithandizo, matenda oopsa angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa minofu kwa nthawi yayitali komanso imfa.

Choncho, vutoli siliyenera kuonedwa mopepuka. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, ndikofunika kupeza upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati sichikuchiritsidwa?

Ndikofunikira kuti dokotala adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa hypogammaglobulinemia. Ngati muyamba kulandira chithandizo msanga, muli ndi mwayi wabwino wokhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kupewa mavuto omwe angabwere patatha zaka zambiri. Ngati muli ndi vuto lomwe limakuikani pachiwopsezo cha hypogammaglobulinemia, dokotala wanu adzayang'anira kuchuluka kwa immunoglobulin yanu nthawi zonse. Adzakulangizani njira yothandizira kupewa matenda oopsa.

Kodi izi zingapewedwe?

Sitingathe kupewa matenda (monga zilema za majini) zomwe zimayambitsa hypogammaglobulinemia. Komabe, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni chithandizo chothandiza kupewa mavuto , monga matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi komanso kuwonongeka kwa mapapo.

Kodi ndingadzisamalire bwanji? Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti ndipewe matenda?

Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu. Zinthu izi zingathandize kupewa matenda:

• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino: Sambani m'manja mwanu ndi sopo ndi madzi kwa masekondi osachepera 20. Onetsetsani kuti mwasamba m'manja mwanu mutatuluka, musanadye, komanso mutapita kuchimbudzi.
• Kuvala chophimba nkhope ngati pakufunika kutero kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa majeremusi owuluka mumlengalenga: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri makamaka mukapita kumalo odzaza anthu komanso nthawi ya matenda ambiri.
• Pewani anthu odwala komanso malo odzaza anthu momwe mungathere: majeremusi amatha kufalikira mosavuta m'malo otere.
• Kulandira katemera wonse pa nthawi yake: Komabe, funsani dokotala wanu ngati katemera wina wamoyo ndi woyenera kwa inu, chifukwa katemera wina wamoyo sangayenerere anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

Kodi ndifunse dokotala chiyani?

Mukadziwa za vutoli, mungakhale ndi mafunso ambiri. Musachite mantha. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ndipo fotokozani izi:

• Kodi n’chiyani chikuchititsa kuti milingo ya immunoglobulin yanga itsike?
• Ndi mayeso ati omwe ndiyenera kuchita kuti ndizindikire/kuyang'anira vuto langa?
• Kodi mumalimbikitsa chithandizo chanji?
• Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse pa chithandizochi? Kodi ndi ziti?
• Ndi kusintha kotani kwa moyo komwe ndiyenera kuchita kuti ndipewe matenda?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuwonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo? Kapena ndiyenera kupita ku chipinda chadzidzidzi (ETU) ?

Mukazindikira kuti milingo ya immunoglobulin yanu ndi yotsika, mungamve ngati muli pachiwopsezo komanso wofooka. Mungaganize kuti, "Nanga bwanji ngati ndilibe asilikali okwanira oti anditeteze?"

Koma musadandaule. Kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu ndiye gawo loyamba loti mudziwe zambiri za vuto lanu, chomwe chimayambitsa, komanso momwe chithandizo chingathandizire. Gwirani ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti muthane ndi vuto lanu ndikupeza chithandizo chomwe mukufuna.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Hypogammaglobulinemia ndi vuto lomwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala ndi ma antibodies ochepa (immunoglobulin), omwe amalimbana ndi majeremusi. Izi zingayambitse matenda pafupipafupi.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikupempha upangiri kwa dokotala ngati mukudwala matenda nthawi zonse, makamaka matenda omwewo, m'malo mongoganiza kuti ndi zachilendo.

• Vutoli likhoza kuchitika munthu akangobadwa, kapena likhoza kuchitika pambuyo pake chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena mankhwala ena.
• Ngati mwapeza chomwe chikuyambitsa vutoli ndikupeza chithandizo choyenera, mutha kupewa mavuto ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.
• Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala, kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, komanso kuchitapo kanthu kuti mudziteteze ku matenda.

Simuli nokha, pali madokotala ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala omwe angakuthandizeni kuthana ndi vutoli. Musaope kulankhula nawo.

Hypogammaglobulinemia , Ma antibodies, Immunoglobulin, Chitetezo cha Mthupi, Matenda, PIDD