Kodi mphamvu ya thupi lanu yolimbana ndi matenda yachepa? (Wosafooka) Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Kodi nthawi zambiri mumatenga chimfine koma sichimatha pakatha masiku ochepa? Kapena mumamva ngati mumatenga matenda mosavuta kuposa ena? Mwina mphamvu ya thupi lanu yolimbana ndi matenda, ndiko kuti, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi, imachepa. Tikutcha vutoli kuti `(Immunocompromised)`. Musadandaule, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Mwachidule, kodi vuto limeneli limatchedwa `(Immunocompromised)` ndi chiyani?

Tangoganizani kuti tili ndi gulu lankhondo loteteza thupi lathu, ngati dziko. Gulu lankhondoli limatisunga athanzi mwa kulimbana ndi majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda ochokera kunja. Timatcha izi kuti chitetezo cha mthupi . Chifukwa chake, kukhala "wosatetezeka" kumatanthauza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi lanu sichikugwira ntchito bwino, ndiko kuti, chafooka. Kenako sichingathe kulimbana ndi matenda momwe chiyenera kukhalira.

Mungabadwe ndi vutoli. Kapena chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chikhoza kufooka chifukwa cha matenda enaake, mankhwala, matenda monga khansa, kapena mavuto ena azaumoyo m'moyo wanu wonse. Mungamvenso izi zotchedwa "Kusadziletsa." Si chinthu chomwe munabadwira nacho, koma ndi chithandizo chamtsogolo kapena matenda omwe amatsitsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi vutoli?

Zizindikiro zazikulu za izi ndi kudwala pafupipafupi komanso kutenga nthawi yayitali kuti uchire ukadwala. Komabe, si aliyense amene amadwala pafupipafupi amene ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka. Mtundu wa matenda omwe mumadwala nawonso ndi wofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri ana aang'ono amadwala chimfine pafupipafupi.

Komabe, ngati mukudwala matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi a bakiteriya, matenda monga chibayo, kapena matenda enaake, izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro chakuti chitetezo chanu cha mthupi sichikugwira ntchito bwino. Mukakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, zinthu ngati izi zitha kuchitika:

• Mumadwala chifukwa cha majeremusi omwe nthawi zambiri amaletsa ena kuti asadwale.
• Matenda ofatsa komanso ochiritsika kwa anthu ambiri akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri kwa inu.
• Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti munthu achire matenda.
• Muli ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza mavuto chifukwa cha matenda (monga chibayo pambuyo pa kachilombo koyambitsa kupuma).
• Matenda ena a mavairasi omwe adachira kale, mwachitsanzo kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr kapena kachilombo ka varicella-zoster (kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa nthenda ya nkhuku), amatha kubwereranso.
• Ngakhale mutalandira katemera, thupi lanu silingapange ma antibodies.

Simungakumane ndi zizindikiro zinazake chifukwa chakuti chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili ndi vuto. Komabe, ngati muli ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa vutoli (monga mitundu ina ya khansa), mutha kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga:

• Kumva kutopa kwambiri (Kutopa)
• Thukuta la usiku
• Malungo obwerezabwereza
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosayembekezereka
• Ma lymph nodes otupa

Matenda apadera omwe amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka

Pali matenda ena omwe munthu wathanzi angathe kulimbana nawo mosavuta ndikugonjetsa. Koma ngati mutenga matenda otere, dokotala angaganize kuti chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chafooka. Matenda oterewa ndi monga:

• Chibayo cha pneumocystis (PCP) ndi mtundu wa chibayo.
• Matenda a cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Matenda a bowa omwe amafalikira kuchokera m'mapapo kupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi (monga coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis)
• Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi a bakiteriya
• Matenda obwera pafupipafupi kapena a nthawi yayitali monga chibayo, herpes simplex, campylobacter, kapena cyclosporiasis.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chichepe?

Nthawi zambiri, zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chifooke ndi matenda enaake, zotsatirapo za mankhwala enaake, ndi zinthu monga kuyika chiwalo kapena maselo oyambira. Zonsezi zimatha kufooketsa chitetezo chamthupi m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Matenda ndi zinthu zomwe zimafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi

Matenda ena amawononga maselo athu oteteza thupi kapena amakhudza luso lawo lodzikonza okha bwino. Matenda oterewa ndi awa:

• Kusowa kwa chitetezo chamthupi: Ichi ndi vuto lililonse lomwe limafooketsa chitetezo chamthupi chanu, kaya munabadwa nacho kapena ngati chitetezo chamthupi chanu chimafooka mwachibadwa mtsogolo.
• Kachilombo ka HIV (kachilombo kochepetsa chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu): Izi zimaukira mwachindunji chitetezo chamthupi.
• Khansa: Khansa zokhudzana ndi magazi, makamaka khansa ya m'magazi, khansa ya m'magazi, ndi khansa ya m'magazi yambiri, ndi khansa yofala kwambiri yomwe imakhudza chitetezo chamthupi. Komabe, mitundu ina ya khansa ingakhudzenso chitetezo chamthupi.
• Matenda a Shuga (Diabetes Mellitus)
• Matenda a Autoimmune: Apa ndi pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimaukira maselo a thupi.
• Matenda a sickle cell
• Matenda a chiwindi
• Matenda a chiwindi ( virus hepatitis )

Mofananamo, anthu omwe alibe thymus (komwe maselo athu a T, mtundu wa selo loteteza thupi, amakula) kapena ndulu (chiwalo chomwe chili ndi maselo oyera amagazi) nawonso ali ndi chitetezo chochepa chamthupi.

Mankhwala ndi mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi

Mankhwala ena, monga chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy ya khansa, amatha kufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi ngati zotsatirapo zake. Palinso mankhwala ena omwe amaletsa chitetezo cha mthupi ngati gawo la ntchito yawo. Mwachitsanzo, kusamutsa mafupa nthawi zambiri kumawononga chitetezo cha mthupi chanu chonse ndikuchisintha ndi china chabwino.

Mankhwala ambiri a matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune amagwira ntchito pofooketsa chitetezo chamthupi, ndikuchiletsa kuukira maselo athanzi. Mankhwalawa timawatcha awa kuti immunosuppressive medicine (omwe amachepetsa ntchito ya chitetezo chamthupi) kapena immunomodulatory medicine (omwe amasintha momwe chitetezo chamthupi chimagwirira ntchito).

Mankhwala ena ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitetezo chamthupi ndi awa:

• Kusamutsa mafupa kapena chiwalo cholimba
• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy
• Chithandizo cha radiation
• Corticosteroids (monga prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone)
• `Azathioprine (Imuran®)`
• ``Cyclosporine (Gengraf®, Neoral®)''
• `Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®)`
• `Leflunomide (Arava®)`
• `Methotrexate (Rheumatrex®, Trexall®)`
• "Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®)"

Kodi zotsatirapo zake zingakhale zotani?

Chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chikafooka, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda omwe angakupheni. Chifukwa chakuti thupi lanu silingathe kulimbana ndi matenda, matenda amatha kufalikira m'thupi lonse. Izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo, sepsis (vuto lofanana ndi poizoni m'magazi), komanso septic shock (kutsika kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi). Zonsezi zitha kupha. Ngati muli pamavuto akulu, pitani ku chipinda chadzidzidzi chapafupi.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji izi?

Madokotala amazindikira vuto la chitetezo chamthupi komanso matenda omwe amayambitsa vutoli pofufuza magazi ndi minofu ya thupi lanu. Mayeso ena apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi:

• Kuchuluka kwa magazi (CBC)
• Kuyesa ma antibodies
• Kuchuluka kwa maselo a chitetezo chamthupi (flow cytometry)
• Kuyesa majini kuti aone kusintha kwa majini komwe kumakhudza chitetezo chamthupi
• Kusanthula mkodzo
• Kuyezetsa HIV
• Kufufuza kwa lymph node
• Kufufuza za m'mafupa
• Kufufuza chiwindi
• CT scan kapena mayeso ena a radiological

Kodi mumathandiza bwanji munthu amene chitetezo chamthupi chake chili chochepa?

Chithandizo cha chitetezo chamthupi chofooka chimadalira chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli. Madokotala amatha kuchiza matenda ena omwe amayambitsa vutoli ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chamthupi chanu. Mankhwala oterewa ndi awa:

• Mankhwala oletsa kachilombo ka HIV: Mankhwalawa amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV m'thupi lanu. Akachepa mokwanira, sakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi lanu.
• Chithandizo cha khansa:Khansa zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi zimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy, radiation therapy, ndi immunotherapy.
• Jakisoni wa Pegfilgrastim (Fulphila®, Neulasta®): Ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi anu kuli kochepa kwambiri (neutropenia), jakisoniyu amathandiza thupi lanu kupanga maselo oyera ambiri m'magazi ndikulimbitsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi.
• Kuika magazi m'magazi: Uku ndi kuikidwa magazi kosowa kwambiri kwa neutropenia yoopsa.
• Kusamutsa maselo oyambira: Kusamutsa maselo oyambira kumatha kuchitidwa kuti kuchiritse kapena kulamulira matenda ena omwe amafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Pali njira zina zothandizira zomwe zingathandize kupewa kapena kulimbana ndi matenda.

Kuchiza matenda pamene chitetezo chamthupi chili chochepa

Ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili chofooka, simungathe kuchira ndi mankhwala ogulitsidwa kunja kwa chipatala mukadwala. Dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amayamba kulandira mankhwala opha maantibayotiki, opha mavairasi, opha mavairasi, kapena opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi yomweyo, kutengera mtundu wa matenda.

Mungathenso kulowetsedwa kuchipatala kuti muthandize kulimbana ndi matendawa. Kumeneko, mungapatsidwe chithandizo monga:

• Ma antibodies a monoclonal
• Plasma yosinthika
• Jakisoni wa Interferon gamma
• Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG)

Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani mukakhala ndi vutoli?

Si aliyense amene ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka amene ali ndi vuto lomweli. Kwa ena, kusinthaku kungakhale kochepa, koma kwa ena kungasinthe moyo wawo wonse.

Komanso, chitetezo cha mthupi cha anthu ena chimachepa kwa kanthawi kochepa. Ena angafunike mankhwala kapena matenda ochepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi kwa moyo wawo wonse. Lankhulani ndi gulu lanu lazaumoyo za zomwe mungayembekezere kutengera matenda anu.

Kawirikawiri, chiyembekezo cha munthu amene ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka chimadalira chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Matenda ambiri omwe amafooketsa chitetezo chamthupi amatha kuthetsedwa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kukhala maso kwambiri pa moyo wonse kuti mupewe matenda kapena kufunafuna chithandizo akachitika.

Kodi izi zingapewedwe?

Matenda ambiri oletsa chitetezo chamthupi sangathe kupewedwa. Komabe, kupewa matenda ochokera kwa anthu ena ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera mavuto aakulu. Zingathandizenso kuteteza matenda ena oletsa chitetezo chamthupi.

Mukhoza kuchita zinthu izi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha matenda:

• Njira zotetezeka: Sambani m'manja pafupipafupi, chitani zogonana zotetezeka, ndipo tsatirani njira zodzitetezera ku chakudya.
• Katemera: Pezani katemera onse omwe akulangizidwa. Katemera wina amatha kudwalitsa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka. Choncho funsani dokotala wanu za katemera woyenera kwa inu.
• Chitetezo cha matenda a chiwindi musanayambe komanso mutatha: Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV, mutha kumwa Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Ngati mwakhalapo ndi kachilombo ka HIV, mutha kumwa Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Palinso njira zina zopewera matenda a chiwindi mutatha kudwala matenda a chiwindi.
• Chepetsani kukhudzana ndi anthu: Pewani anthu odwala kapena omwe adakumanapo ndi munthu wodwala. Pitani kusitolo mukagule zakudya pamene anthu ochepa ali ochepa. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka nthawi ya chimfine ndi chimfine komanso pamene matenda a COVID-19 ali ambiri.
• Yambani chithandizo msanga: Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala opha maantibayotiki kapena opha mavairasi kuti mupewe matenda.
• Kuyesa matenda: Musanayambe chithandizo choletsa chitetezo chamthupi, dokotala wanu angakuyeseni zinthu monga HIV, chiwindi, chifuwa chachikulu, matenda a bowa, ndi matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kodi mumadzisamalira bwanji?

Ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili chofooka, muyenera kusamala kwambiri za thanzi lanu. Ngakhale chimfine chingakupangitseni kudwala kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa kutenga njira zodzitetezera ku matenda, palinso njira zina zomwe mungadzisamalire nokha:

• Yang'anirani thanzi lanu: Funsani dokotala wanu zizindikiro za matenda zomwe muyenera kuziyang'anira komanso zomwe mungachite ngati muli nazo. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha thupi kopitirira kutentha kwina, zizindikiro zomwe zimapitirira, ndi zina zotero.
• Konzani pasadakhale: Khalani ndi chigoba ndi sanitizer ya m'manja pafupi. Mukayenda, dziwani komwe mungapeze thandizo lachipatala kulikonse komwe mukupita. Anthu ena amakhala ndi khadi losonyeza kuti chitetezo chawo chamthupi chili chofooka.
• Uzani okondedwa anu: Lankhulani ndi achibale anu ndi anzanu za njira zodzitetezera. Ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti angakuthandizeni kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Ngati akumva kudwala, ayenera kukuuzani asanakuwoneni.
• Konzani dongosolo ndi sukulu/malo anu antchito: Lankhulani ndi dipatimenti ya anthu ogwira ntchito kapena sukulu ya kampani yanu (ngati sukulu ya mwana wanu) za kusintha kulikonse komwe muyenera kuchita kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso otetezeka. Mungafunike kugwira ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti mupange dongosolo lomwe limafotokoza njira zina zomwe mungachite pamene inu kapena mwana wanu simungathe kupita kuntchito/kusukulu.
• Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu: Anthu ena amapewa nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala chifukwa choopa kukhala pafupi ndi anthu ena. Kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu za njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera chithandizo chamankhwala popanda chiopsezo. Onani ngati mungathe kukonza nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala pa intaneti (monga kuyimba foni pa vidiyo) kapena nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala nthawi yomwe si nthawi yotanganidwa.
• Onani ngati kusintha kwa moyo wanu kungathandize: Funsani dokotala wanu ngati kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena zakudya zina kungathandize thanzi lanu la chitetezo chamthupi.
• Ikani patsogolo thanzi la maganizo: Kusamalira thanzi lanu nthawi zonse kungakhudzenso thanzi lanu la maganizo.Kulankhula ndi mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo, kuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi njira zina zodzisamalira kungathandize kuchepetsa nkhawa yanu. Zimenezi zimathandizanso chitetezo chamthupi chanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yanji kuti ndikaone dokotala/kupita kuchipatala?

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za nthawi yomwe muyenera kuwaonanso ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chikufooka, komanso zomwe mungachite ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda. Angakuuzeni kuti mupite kuchipatala chodzidzimutsa ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zina. Zambiri zimadalira momwe mulili, koma ndibwino kupita kuchipatala ngati muli ndi nkhawa ndi zinazake.

Kodi muyenera kupita ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) liti?

Funsani dokotala wanu zizindikiro zomwe muyenera kuziyang'anira komanso nthawi yoti mupite kuchipatala chadzidzidzi. Nthawi zonse pitani ku ER ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda oopsa:

• Malungo (nthawi zambiri kutentha kulikonse kopitirira 100.4 Fahrenheit/38 Celsius)
• Kusokonezeka kapena kusintha kwa chidziwitso
• Mutu waukulu
• Kuuma kwa khosi
• Kusanza kapena kutsegula m'mimba pafupipafupi
• Ngati chilondacho chili chofiira, chotupa, chopweteka, chotulutsa mafinya, kapena chofunda mukakhudza

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Zingakhale zothandiza kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso monga awa:

• Kodi ndidzakhala "wosakhazikika maganizo" kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji? Kodi izi ndi zakanthawi kapena zokhazikika?
• Ndi njira ziti zomwe ndingachite kuti ndidziteteze ku matenda?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti za matenda zomwe ndiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa?
• Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku chipinda chadzidzidzi liti?
• Ndiyenera kukuonaninso liti?

Anthu akhoza kukhala ndi "vuto la chitetezo chamthupi" pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Zomwe mwakumana nazo zingakhale zosiyana ndi za wina. Mwina mukuwerenga izi musanayambe kumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi, ndikuyembekeza kuti sizikulepheretsani kuchita zinthu zomwe mumakonda. Mwina muli kuchipatala, muli ndi matenda ena, mukudabwa kuti tsogolo lanu lili bwanji. Kapena mwina mwana wanu "ali ndi vuto la chitetezo chamthupi", ndipo mukuyesera kutsimikizira dziko lonse kuti banja lanu "silimangodwala" chimfine.

Chinthu chimodzi chomwe aliyense amene ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka ali nacho n'chakuti ayenera kusintha ndikuchita zinthu zodzitetezera zomwe ena sangafune kuchita. Zingakhale zovuta kufotokoza za kayendetsedwe ka thanzi lanu kwa ena. Thandizani gulu lanu lachipatala. Angakhale ndi malingaliro a magulu othandizira ndi njira zina zoti akutetezeni komanso athanzi.

Ngati wina amene mumamudziwa ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, mverani zosowa zake. Chitani zomwe akukupemphani kuti muteteze thanzi lake la maganizo ndi thupi.

Zinthu Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kukhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chochepa si chinthu choopa, koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za izi ndikuchitapo kanthu kofunikira.

• Ngati mumadwala pafupipafupi kapena ngati matenda anu amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti achire, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala.
• Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe chitetezo chamthupi chimatha kuchepa; mvetsetsani zimenezo.
• Tsatirani chithandizo ndi malangizo a dokotala molondola.
• Chitani zonse zomwe mungathe kuti mudziteteze ku matenda. Khalani ndi chizolowezi chosamba m'manja mwanu komanso kupewa malo odzaza anthu.
• Thanzi lanu la maganizo ndilofunikanso kwambiri. Musazengereze kupeza thandizo ngati mukufuna thandizo.
• Simuli nokha. Pali madokotala, abale, ndi anzanu oti akuthandizeni.

Kumbukirani, izi ndi zongopereka chidziwitso chokha. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa zilizonse zokhudza thanzi lanu, chonde funsani dokotala.

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