Ma immunomodulators - Kodi ndi chiyani? Ndani amawafunikira?

Kodi mukudziwa kuti thupi lanu lili ndi "gulu lankhondo" lalikulu lomwe limakutetezani ku matenda? Timatcha izi kuti chitetezo chamthupi. Ntchito ya gulu lankhondo ili ndi kutithandiza kukhala athanzi polimbana ndi adani monga majeremusi, mavairasi, ndi maselo a khansa omwe amachokera kunja. Koma nthawi zina, gulu lankhondo ili limafunikira thandizo pang'ono. Mphamvu ya gulu lankhondo sikokwanira, kapena gulu lankhondo limayamba kugwira ntchito mopanda mphamvu. Pamenepo ndi pamene gulu lapadera la mankhwala otchedwa `(Immunomodulators)` lingatithandize.

Mwachidule, kodi ma immunomodulators awa ndi chiyani?

Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe "amasintha" kapena "kusintha" ntchito ya chitetezo chamthupi chanu. Ganizirani za chitetezo chamthupi chanu ngati momwe zimakhalira ndi mphamvu yolamulira kuchuluka kwa madzi pa wailesi. Mu matenda ena, kuchuluka kumeneku kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chamthupi chimakhala chofooka. Mu matenda ena, kuchuluka kumeneku kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chamthupi chimakhala chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso.

Kotero chomwe `(Ma Immunomodulators)` amachita ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga ngati pakufunika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati chitetezo chamthupi chili chochepa, mankhwalawa amatha kuwonjezera , ndipo ngati chitetezo chamthupi chili chokwera mosafunikira, amatha kuchepetsa ndikuchilamulira . Iyi ndi ntchito yapadera kwambiri.

Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito makamaka m'njira ziwiri:

Monga tanenera kale, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zomwe mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito. Kumvetsa izi kudzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino mankhwalawa.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zazikulu zomwe ma immunomodulators amagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Mankhwala amtundu uwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Matenda a mafupa ndi minofu yolumikizana: Awa ndi gulu lalikulu la matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune. Mwachitsanzo, m'matenda monga `(Rheumatoid Arthritis)` (kutupa kwa mafupa), `(Lupus)`, `(Psoriatic Arthritis)`, `(Ankylosing Spondylitis)`, mankhwala awa amathandiza kuwongolera kuukira kwa thupi pa mafupa ake, khungu, ndi zina zotero.
• Matenda a m'mimba: Mu matenda monga ``Crohn's Disease'' ndi ``Ulcerative Colitis'', awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa chitetezo chamthupi chomwe chimachitika m'matumbo.
• Matenda a pakhungu: Mu matenda monga psoriasis, chitetezo cha mthupi chimalamulira kukula kwa maselo a pakhungu mwachangu.
• Matenda a mitsempha: Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha m'matenda monga ``Multiple Sclerosis``.
• Khansa: Mu mitundu ina ya khansa, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chiwononge maselo a khansa. Ichi ndi gawo la chithandizo chotchedwa ``Immunotherapy.''

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma immunomodulators ndi iti?

Mankhwalawa si a mtundu umodzi. Madokotala amapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ``Immunomodulators`` kutengera mtundu wa matendawa.

Corticosteroids

Awa ndi mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anthu ambiri. Chitsanzo ndi `(Prednisone).` Izi zimagwira ntchito pochepetsa mwachangu ntchito ya chitetezo chamthupi komanso kuletsa kutupa ndi kutupa m'thupi.

Mankhwala Oletsa Kupweteka kwa Thupi (DMARDs)

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, awa ndi mankhwala omwe amathandiza kusintha mtundu wa matenda. Makamaka pa matenda monga nyamakazi, mankhwalawa amathandiza kupewa kapena kulamulira kuwonongeka kwa mafupa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matendawa, m'malo mongochepetsa ululu. `(Methotrexate)` ndi mankhwala odziwika bwino m'gululi.

Zamoyo

Mankhwala awa ndi atsopano komanso apamwamba kwambiri kuposa mankhwala a DMARD. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku mapuloteni otengedwa m'maselo amoyo mu labotale.

Izi zitha kuchepetsa zotsatirapo zake ndikupangitsa kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zopambana.

Chithandizo cha Khansa

Uwu ndi mtundu wapadera wa chithandizo. Chomwe chimachitika apa sichakuti chitetezo cha mthupi chachepa, koma kuti chikuwonjezeka. Mankhwala monga ``Checkpoint Inhibitors`` amaletsa "zizindikiro" zomwe maselo a khansa amagwiritsa ntchito kubisala ku maselo athu a chitetezo cha mthupi (``(maselo a T)``), ndikuthandiza maselo a T kuzindikira ndikuwononga maselo a khansa.

Kodi mankhwalawa amaperekedwa bwanji m'thupi?

Njira yomwe mumapatsidwira mankhwalawa ingasiyane malinga ndi matenda anu komanso mtundu wa mankhwala.

• Kudzera mu mtsempha (Mwa IV): Monga saline, imaperekedwa mwachindunji m'magazi kudzera mu cannula.
• Mwa kubaya: Kubayidwa pansi pa khungu kapena mu minofu.
• Pakamwa: Imwani ngati mapiritsi kapena makapisozi.
• Monga kirimu pakhungu (Pamwamba): Amapakidwa pamwamba pa khungu ngati kirimu wa matenda a pakhungu.

Tidziwenso za zotsatirapo zake ndi zoopsa zake.

Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri, akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zina komanso zoopsa chifukwa amakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi. Dokotala wanu adzakuphunzitsani za izi.

Kaya zili bwanji, dokotala wanu amadziwa bwino zoopsazi. Ndicho chifukwa chake amakuyesani nthawi zonse, amakuyesani magazi oyenera, ndikusintha mlingo wa mankhwala anu kuti akusamalireni bwino. Chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuuza dokotala wanu za kusintha kulikonse kapena kusasangalala komwe mukumva.