Chiyembekezo chatsopano pakulimbana ndi khansa ya m'mawere: Tiyeni tikambirane za chithandizo cha chitetezo chamthupi m'mawu osavuta!

Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere, mwina mwamvapo mawu akuti 'immunotherapy' akunenedwa pankhani ya chithandizo. Dokotala wanu mwina adatchulapo za izi. Ndiye, kodi chithandizo chatsopanochi ndi chiyani kwa anthu ambiri? Kodi chingalimbanedi ndi khansa? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kotero, kodi Immunotherapy ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, chithandizo cha immunotherapy ndi chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yolimbana ndi matenda ya thupi lanu (chitetezo cha mthupi) kuti chithandize kupeza ndikuwononga maselo a khansa. Zili ngati kuphunzitsa "gulu" la thupi lanu kuzindikira ndi kuukira "adani" otchedwa maselo a khansa.

Pakadali pano, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza mtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere yotchedwa ``Triple-negative breast cancer'', yomwe ndi yovuta kuchiza, ili ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chobwereranso, ndipo yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi (metastatic). Kafukufuku akupitiliranso kuti awone momwe mankhwalawa alili othandiza pa khansa ya m'mawere ya ``HER2-positive'' ndi ``ER-positive''.

Kodi chithandizochi chimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Taganizirani za chitetezo cha mthupi lathu ngati gulu lankhondo lomwe limateteza dziko. Gulu lankhondoli nthawi zonse limafufuza ndikuwononga adani monga majeremusi ndi mavairasi omwe amalowa m'thupi. Komabe, maselo a khansa ndi adani achinyengo kwambiri. Nthawi zina maselo a khansa awa amadzibisa m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti asagwidwe ndi gulu lathu lankhondo. Monga kazitape wa mdani.

Umu ndi momwe immunotherapy imagwirira ntchito:

1. Kuthandiza kuzindikira mdani: Mankhwala ena ochizira matenda a immunotherapy amavumbula maselo a khansa, kusonyeza bwino chitetezo chathu cha mthupi kuti "apa pali mdani."

2. Kulimbitsa gulu lankhondo: Mitundu ina ya mankhwala imagwira ntchito polimbitsa maselo (asilikali) a chitetezo chathu chamthupi, kuwapatsa mphamvu zambiri zolimbana ndi maselo a khansa.

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zochitira izi:

• Active Immunotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuphunzira zizindikiro zinazake (antigens) pa maselo anu a khansa ya m'mawere ndikuphunzitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuti chizimenyana ndi zizindikirozo zokha.
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kudwala Matenda a Khansa: Mu izi, mankhwala apadera opangidwa mu labotale amaperekedwa m'thupi kuti awonjezere mphamvu zomwe thupi limakhala nazo polimbana ndi khansa.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira matenda a m'mawere ndi ati?

Pakadali pano pali mankhwala awiri akuluakulu ochizira matenda a khansa ya m'mawere omwe amavomerezedwa.

1. Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®):Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa `(khansa ya m'mawere itatu)`. Mankhwalawa amaletsa puloteni yomwe maselo a khansa amagwiritsa ntchito kubisala ku chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chizizindikira mosavuta maselo a khansa. Nthawi zina mankhwalawa amaperekedwa opaleshoni isanachitike komanso itatha kuti khansa isabwererenso. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa khansa zomwe zafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi, ngati pali ``Biomarkers`` mu DNA ya chotupa cha khansa.

2. Dostarlimab (Jemperli®): Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'mawere yomwe yabweranso pambuyo pa mankhwala ena ndipo ili ndi chizindikiro cha khansa.

Kodi chithandizo cha immunotherapy chimaperekedwa bwanji?

Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ngati madzi amchere kudzera m'mitsempha (yolowetsedwa m'mitsempha - IV). Ndondomeko ya chithandizo imatha kusiyana malinga ndi vuto lanu. Koma anthu ambiri amalandira chithandizochi milungu itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse . Nthawi zina chithandizochi chingafunike kupitilizidwa kwa miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka ziwiri.

Tiyeni tiphunzirenso za zotsatirapo zake.

Monga chithandizo chilichonse cha khansa, chithandizo cha immunotherapy chingayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa. Koma sizikhudza aliyense mofanana. Anthu ena angavutike pang'ono, pomwe ena sangamve kalikonse. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuuza dokotala wanu za vuto lililonse mwamsanga.

Tiyeni tiwone zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri komanso zoopsa.

Kodi chithandizochi chikuyenda bwino bwanji?

Chithandizo cha immunotherapy ndi chimodzi mwa njira zatsopano komanso zodalirika kwambiri zochizira khansa. Makamaka, chathandiza kukweza kuchuluka kwa machiritso ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya moyo wa odwala omwe kale anali ovuta kuchiza khansa, monga khansa ya m'mawere yopanda katatu.

Kafukufuku wina waukulu adawonetsa kuti odwala omwe adalandira mankhwala a Pembrolizumab ochizira matenda a immunotherapy pamodzi ndi chemotherapy amakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa omwe adalandira chemotherapy yokha.

Maphunziro mazana ambiri akuchitika kale padziko lonse lapansi kuti afufuze momwe chithandizo cha immunotherapy chimathandizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya m'mawere chimagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, gawoli likupita patsogolo tsiku ndi tsiku.