Mukayang'ana anthu otizungulira m'dera lathu, mwina mwazindikira kuti pali anthu osiyana kwambiri. Mmene anthu ena amaganizira, momwe amamvetsetsa chidziwitso, ndi momwe amachitira zinthu zimasiyana pang'ono. Chifukwa cha izi chikhoza kukhala vuto la nzeru kapena chitukuko (Intellectual or Developmental Disability – IDD). Koma muyenera kuti munamvanso kuti n'kovuta kulankhula ndi anthu otere ndikuwamvetsa, sichoncho? Lero tikulankhula za momwe timalemekezera anthu otere ndikuwaphatikiza pantchito yathu.
Kodi matenda amisala ndi chitukuko (IDD) ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuphunzira kwa munthu, luso lake lolankhula, komanso khalidwe lake. Nthawi zambiri zimayamba ali mwana ndipo zimatha kukhala moyo wake wonse. Koma izi si matenda. Ndi gawo la moyo wake.
Tangoganizirani, si zala zathu zonse zomwe zili zofanana. Mofananamo, munthu aliyense amene ali ndi IDD ndi wosiyana. Ngakhale anthu awiri omwe ali ndi vuto lomweli angakhale ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, njira zosiyanasiyana zolankhulirana, komanso thandizo losiyana.
Gome ili m'munsimu likuwonetsa mitundu ingapo ya matenda otere.
| Dzina la Wolumala | Chiyambi chachidule |
|---|---|
| Matenda Osagwira Ntchito Mokwanira (ADHD) | Zizindikiro zake ndi monga kuvutika kuyang'ana kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha nthawi zonse. |
| Matenda a Autism Spectrum | Kusintha kwa maubwenzi, kulankhulana, ndi machitidwe. |
| Matenda a Cerebral Palsy | Matenda omwe amakhudza kayendetsedwe ka thupi ndi kaimidwe ka thupi. |
| Kulemala kwa Luntha | Kuvutika kuphunzira ndi kukhala ndi luso la moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. |
| Matenda a Chilankhulo | Kuvuta kufotokoza malingaliro kapena kumvetsetsa zomwe ena akunena. |
| Matenda a Tourette | Kulankhula kosalamulirika kapena mayendedwe a thupi (kugwedezeka). |
Chifukwa chake, chinthu chabwino kwambiri kuchita ndikufunsa munthu wolumala zosowa zake ndi zomwe akufuna.
Tiyeni tiphunzire za tsankho lotchedwa 'Ableism'
Izi zingawoneke ngati mawu atsopano, koma zikutanthauza chinthu chomwe tonse timachidziwa. Kudziletsa ndi khalidwe lochitira munthu wina mopanda chilungamo kapena kumunyoza chifukwa ali ndi chilema. Anthu amene amaganiza motere amakhulupirira kuti munthu wolumala sangathe kuchita zinthu zomwezo monga ena ndipo ayenera 'kungopeka'. Izi zitha kuchitika mwadala kapena mosadziwa.
Chosiyana kwambiri ndi ichi ndi kuphatikizidwa . Zimatanthauza kuvomereza kusiyana kwa ena momwe alili ndikuwalimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali pa chilichonse chomwe akumva bwino nacho. Mwanjira imeneyi, nawonso akhoza kukhala osangalala, athanzi, komanso kufikira kuthekera kwawo konse.
Kodi timathandiza bwanji ndi kulemekeza anthu awa?
Chabwino, tiyeni tiwone zinthu zosavuta zomwe tingachite kuti tilemekeze anthu awa ndikuwapatsanso. Kumbukirani kuti aliyense ndi wosiyana, choncho chofunika kwambiri ndikuwafunsa zomwe amakonda.
1. Dziwaninso za zilema zosaoneka.
Zilema zina sizioneka ndi maso athu. Zinthu monga ADHD , autism , ndi zilema zophunzirira sizioneka. Choncho musafunse munthu mafunso osafunikira. Musanene zinthu monga, "Simukuwoneka ngati muli ndi chilema." Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti chilema chawo si chenicheni, kapena kuti sichili chofunika.
2. Lemekezani zochita zawo
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a IDD amakonda kugwira ntchito mwadongosolo komanso mwadongosolo. Zimachepetsa mantha ndi nkhawa zawo. Chifukwa chake ngati mukukonzekera zinazake nawo, kuwafotokozera pasadakhale, ndikusintha, adzamva bwino kugwira nanu ntchito.
3. Pangani malo odekha
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga autism angavutike pang'ono kucheza ndi anthu. Mwina sangathe kuthana ndi phokoso lalikulu m'malo odzaza anthu. Choncho, ngati n'kotheka, sankhani malo abata, opanda phokoso lalikulu mukalankhula nawo kapena mukamagwira ntchito. Amaona kuti n'kosavuta kulankhulana maso ndi maso kusiyana ndi kukhala ndi anthu ambiri akulankhula nthawi imodzi.
4. Aphatikizeni mu zokambirana.
Anthu olumala nthawi zambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi osawoneka m'gulu. Musachite zimenezo. Mukamalankhula nawo , yang'anani m'maso, yang'anani kwa iwo ndikulankhula. Mukawafunsa funso, aloleni ayankhe. Ngati ali ndi womuthandiza, lankhulani mwachindunji ndi munthu amene akumufunsayo, osati ndi womuthandiza yekha.
5. Kumbukirani zinthu izi mukamalankhulana
- Lankhulani m'mawu osavuta komanso omveka bwino. Musawanyoze. Lankhulani ndi mawu abwinobwino, pogwiritsa ntchito ziganizo zosavuta. Musagwiritse ntchito mawu achipongwe monga akuti "Kukugwa mvula ya amphaka ndi agalu," chifukwa nthawi zambiri amaona zinthu ngati zenizeni .
- Nenani chinthu chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Ngati mukufunsa mafunso kapena kupereka uphungu, perekani chimodzi ndi chimodzi. M'malo monena kuti, “Musathamange,” nenani zomwe mukufuna kuchita momveka bwino, monga “yendani mwachangu.”
- Mvetserani moleza mtima. Anthu ena amalankhula pang'onopang'ono. Apatseni nthawi yoganizira ndi kupanga mawu awo. Zingatengenso nthawi kuti amvetse zomwe mukunena. Choncho musawafulumizitse.
- Ngati simukumvetsa, khalani oona mtima. Ngati simukumvetsa zomwe wanena, mupempheni kuti abwereze. Kapena mufunseni ngati anganene mwanjira ina. Ngati simukumvetsa mutayesa kangapo, musayerekezere kuti mukumvetsa. Nenani mawu oona mtima monga, " Pepani , ndikudziwa kuti zomwe mukunena ndizofunikira, koma sindinazimvetse."
6. Lemekezani makhalidwe ndi zizolowezi zosiyanasiyana
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la autism amavutika kuyang'ana ena m'maso. Ngati wina ali ndi vuto, musaganize kuti ndi inu nokha. Ngati munthu amene ali ndi vuto la Tourette Syndrome apanga phokoso mwadzidzidzi mukulankhula naye, dikirani mpaka amalize kulankhula kenako pitirizani. Sangathe kulamulira zinthu zimenezo. Sakuyesera kukunyozani.
7. Musaganize kuti ndi chinthu chomwe chiyenera 'kukonzedwa' kapena 'kuchiritsidwa'.
Kumbukirani, kulemala si kufooka. Kungakhale mbali ya umunthu wawo.
Anthu ambiri amasangalala ndi miyoyo yawo. Saona kulumala kwawo ngati vuto lofunika kukonzedwa. Choncho musawapangitse kumva "olakwika" kapena kuwapangitsa kumva osamasuka mwa kunena zinthu monga, "Ndinu chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri."
8. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu oyenera
M'malo monena kuti "munthu wolumala", nenani kuti "munthu wolumala"Ndi ulemu kwambiri kunena kuti “Ndili munthu.” Izi zimatchedwa chilankhulo choyamba cha munthu . Zimatanthauza kuti timalemekeza munthuyo monga munthu wathunthu, osati chifukwa cha chilema chake chokha. Koma anthu ena, mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi autism, amakonda kutchedwa “munthu wokhala ndi autism” m'malo motchedwa “munthu wokhala ndi autism.” Izi zimatchedwa chilankhulo choyamba cha munthu . Chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikuwafunsa kuti, “Mukufuna kutchedwa bwanji?”
Mwa kuchita zinthu mosamala komanso moleza mtima mwanjira imeneyi, tingathandize bwino anzathu, abale athu, ndi nzika zathu zomwe zili ndi zilema za chitukuko.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Nthawi zonse muzilemekeza munthuyo, ndipo musamuweruze chifukwa cha chilema chake.
- Chonde funsani zomwe amakonda pakulankhulana ndi chithandizo.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mawu osonyeza kuti munthuyo ndi wofunika kwambiri, monga “munthu wolumala,” pokhapokha ngati sakufuna zina.
- Kumbukirani kuti zilema zambiri sizioneka ndi maso, choncho musaweruze aliyense potengera maonekedwe ake.
- Khalani oleza mtima, lemekezani machitidwe awo ndi njira zawo zolankhulirana.
- Ngati mukukayikira kuti wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi vutoli kapena akufunika thandizo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli.
Kulephera kukula, thanzi la maganizo , abilityism, ADHD, autism, kuzindikira za anthu, ulemu
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