Tiyeni tiphunzire bwino za jakisoni wa insulin. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri poletsa matenda anu a shuga!

Ngati mukukhala ndi matenda a shuga mellitus, mwina munamvapo za jakisoni wa insulin. Mwina dokotala wanu anakuuzani kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Ndiye insulin iyi ndi chiyani? Chimachitika ndi chiyani? Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana? Mungakhalenso ndi mafunso ngati awa. Tiyeni tikambirane zonsezi momveka bwino lero, sichoncho? Palibe choopa, mukadziwa zinthu izi, mudzakhala omasuka.

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani? N’chifukwa chiyani timaifuna?

Mwachidule, insulin ndi hormone yofunika kwambiri yomwe imapangidwa m'thupi lathu. Pali chiwalo chaching'ono chotchedwa kapamba, eti, m'mimba mwathu? Pamenepo ndi pomwe hormone iyi yotchedwa insulin imapangidwa.

Kodi insulin iyi imagwira ntchito yanji? Ntchito yaikulu ya insulin ndikutenga shuga (shuga) kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe timadya, kuchokera m'magazi, ndikutumiza ku maselo ang'onoang'ono m'thupi, kutithandiza kupanga mphamvu zomwe timafunikira kuti tichite ntchito zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Taganizirani ngati mukufuna kiyi yotsegulira chitseko cha nyumba, mukusowa kiyi yotchedwa insulin yotumizira shuga m'maselo athu.

Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani munthu wodwala matenda a shuga ayenera kumwa insulin kunja kwa thupi? Mukakhala ndi matenda a shuga, kapamba amatulutsa insulin yochepa kwambiri, kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa sikukwanira thupi, kapena insulin yomwe imapangidwa sigwira ntchito bwino. Pazifukwa zilizonse, shuga m’magazi sangalowe m’maselo ndi kusonkhana m’magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga m’magazi akwere. Pamenepo ndiye muyenera kupereka insulin kunja kwa thupi ngati jakisoni kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa shuga m’magazi. Izi zili ngati kupereka chinthu chomwe chikusowa m’thupi lathu.

Tiyeni timvetse momwe jakisoni wa insulin amagwirira ntchito? (Kuyamba, Kufika pachimake, Kutalika kwa nthawi)

Tsopano, dokotala wanu akakupatsani insulin, mwina munamvapo mawu ena atatu akutchulidwa pamodzi ndi dzina lake: 'Onset', 'Peak', ndi 'Duration'. Ngakhale awa ndi mawu achingerezi, kudziwa tanthauzo lake ndikofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi matenda anu a shuga. Tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo lililonse mwa awa.

'Kuyamba' (nthawi yoyambira)

'Kuyamba' ndi nthawi yomwe insulin imatenga kuti iyambe kugwira ntchito m'thupi lanu mukangoyibaya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imayamba kutsitsa shuga m'magazi mwanu. Monga momwe zimatengera nthawi kuti tiyambe kukwera njinga, ma insulin ena amatenga nthawi kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito. Ena amayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu, pomwe ena amatenga nthawi yayitali.

'Pake' (nthawi yochita zinthu zambiri)

'Peak' ndi nthawi yomwe insulin imabayidwa ndipo imagwira ntchito kwambiri kuti ichepetse shuga m'magazi. Apa ndi pamene insulin imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Pa 'Peak' iyi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kutsika mwadzidzidzi (matenda otchedwa 'Hypoglycemia'). Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa nthawi izi za 'Peak' ndikusamala ndi zinthu monga kudya nthawi imeneyo.

'Nthawi yonse' (nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito)

'Nthawi' ikutanthauza nthawi yomwe insulin imagwirira ntchito m'thupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukalandira jakisoni kamodzi, zimathandiza kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi mwanu kwa maola angati. Ma insulin ena amagwira ntchito kwa maola ochepa okha, pomwe ena amagwira ntchito kwa maola 24 kapena kuposerapo.

Zinthu monga 'Onset', 'Peak', ndi 'Duration' zimasiyana kwambiri kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa insulin kupita ku wina. Ichi ndichifukwa chake dokotala wanu adzasankha insulin yoyenera kwa inu, kutengera zinthu zambiri, monga momwe mumadyera, momwe mumachitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Tiyeni tiwone mitundu iyi ya insulin.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya insulin. Imakhala m'magulu malinga ndi momwe imayambira kugwira ntchito mwachangu (Kuyamba), nthawi yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu (Peak), komanso nthawi yomwe imakhala m'thupi (Kutenga nthawi yayitali).

Insulin yogwira ntchito mwachangu

Mtundu uwu wa insulin, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, umayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri umayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 5-20 kuchokera pamene wabayidwa. 'Chiwerengero chake chachikulu', kapena mphamvu yake yayikulu, imachitika mkati mwa maola 1-3 , ndipo mphamvu yake yonse imatenga pafupifupi maola 3-5 . Nthawi zambiri umatengedwa musanadye kapena nthawi ya chakudya.

• Zitsanzo: `Insulin glulisin (Apidra®)`, `Insulin aspart (Novolog®)`, `Insulin lispro (Humalog®)` (U-100/U-200).

Tangoganizani kuti mukukonzekera kudya mpunga tsopano. Kenako, kumwa mtundu uwu wa insulin kudzakuthandizani kuwongolera mwachangu kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumawonjezeredwa m'magazi anu kuchokera muzakudya zomwe mumadya.

Insulin yogwira ntchito mwachidule

Izi zimatchedwanso 'Insulin Yokhazikika'. Izi sizili mofulumira ngati insulin ya Rapid-acting yomwe yatchulidwa kale, koma imagwira ntchito mwachangu. Zimatenga mphindi 30-60 kuti iyambe kugwira ntchito. 'Peak' imachitika pakati pa maola 2-4 , ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala pafupifupi maola 5-8 . Izi nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa mphindi 30 musanadye.

• Chitsanzo: `Insulin wamba (Novolin R, Humulin R)`.

Insulin yogwira ntchito yapakatikati

Mtundu uwu wa insulin umatenga pafupifupi maola 1-2 kuti uyambe kugwira ntchito. 'Kufika pachimake' kumachedwa pang'ono, pakati pa maola 4-12 . Popeza izi zimakhala ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito ya maola 14-24 , nthawi zina mumayenera kuzibaya kawiri patsiku.

• Chitsanzo: `NPH insulin (Novolin N, Humulin N)`.

Insulin yogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali

Izi zimatchedwanso kuti insulin ya 'basal'. Izi zimathandiza kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, monga momwe insulin yachilengedwe imagwirira ntchito m'thupi lathu, tsiku lonse. Zina mwa izi sizimakhala ndi 'peak' yomveka bwino, kotero pali chiopsezo chochepa cha kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Zotsatira zake zitha kukhala kwa maola 24 kapena kupitilira apo.

• Zitsanzo:
• Insulin detemir (Levemir®): Imatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi kuti iyambe kugwira ntchito. Mphamvu yake yayikulu imatenga maola 3-14.Zitha kukhala pakati pa. Zotsatira zake zimatha mpaka maola 24 .
• `Insulin glargine U-100 (Lantus®, Basaglar®): Zimatenga maola 3-4 kuti ziyambe kugwira ntchito. Palibe 'chimake' chomveka bwino . Zotsatira zake zimatha mpaka maola 24 .
• `Insulin glargine U-300 (Toujeo®): Imatenga pafupifupi maola 6 kuti iyambe kugwira ntchito. Izi sizili ndi 'peak' . Zotsatira zake zimatha kupitilira maola 36 .
• `Insulin degludec U-100/U-200 (Tresiba®): Zimatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi kuti ziyambe kugwira ntchito. Izi sizili ndi 'peak' . Zotsatira zake zimatha kupitilira maola 42 .

Mtundu uwu wa insulin umathandiza kuti shuga m'magazi asamachuluke tsiku lonse, monga momwe matupi athu amalandirira insulin yochepa tsiku lonse.

Insulin yosakanikirana kale

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, izi ndi mitundu iwiri ya insulin, yogwira ntchito mwachangu komanso yapakatikati, kapena mankhwala ofanana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti jakisoni imodzi imachita zonse ziwiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa musanadye.

• Zitsanzo:
• `Insulin yosakanizidwa kale 70/30 (70% NPH ndi 30% Wamba)`: Zimatenga theka la ola mpaka ola limodzi kuti ziyambe kugwira ntchito. Chiwopsezo chachikulu chimakhala pakati pa maola 2-12 . Zotsatira zake zimatha maola 10-16 .
• `Insulin yosakanizidwa kale 50/50 (50% NPH ndi 50% Wamba)`: Zimatenga theka la ola mpaka ola limodzi kuti ziyambe kugwira ntchito. 'Peak' ndi pakati pa maola 2-12 . Zotsatira zake zimatha maola 10-16 .
• Humalog® Mix 75/25 (75% insulin lispro protamine ndi 25% insulin lispro): Imayamba kugwira ntchito pakatha mphindi 5-20 . Nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi maola 1-2 . Zotsatira zake zimatha maola 10-16 .
• Humalog® Mix 50/50 (50% insulin lispro protamine ndi 50% insulin lispro): Imayamba kugwira ntchito pakatha mphindi 5-20 . Mphamvu yake yayikulu ndi maola 1-2 . Nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi maola 10-16 .
• `NovoLog® Mix 70/30 (70% insulin aspart protamine ndi 30% insulin aspart)`: Imayamba kugwira ntchito pakatha mphindi 5-20 . Nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi maola 1-2 . Zotsatira zake zimatha maola 10-16 .

Pogwiritsa ntchito insulin yosakanikirana motere, imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni patsiku, zomwe ndi zothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu ena.

Kodi mungayike bwanji insulin? Kodi mungayike kuti?

Pali malo angapo m'thupi lathu omwe ndi oyenera jakisoni wa insulin.

• Malo am'mimba: Pafupifupi mainchesi awiri kuzungulira mchombo (umbilicus), komanso kuzungulira malo amenewo.
• Malo a ntchafu ya miyendo: Kumwamba ndi kumbuyo kwa ntchafu.
• Kumbuyo kwa mkono wapamwamba.
• Malo a matako.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti musapereke jakisoni wa insulin pamalo omwewo tsiku lililonse.Ngati izi zitachitika, minofu yamafuta yomwe ili pansi pa khungu m'dera limenelo imatha kukhuthala ndikupanga ziphuphu. Izi zimatchedwa `Lipohypertrophy`. Izi zikachitika, thupi limayamwa insulin yochepa kuchokera m'dera limenelo, ndipo insulin sigwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusintha malo obayira jakisoni tsiku lililonse. Izi zimatchedwa `rotation` . Mwachitsanzo, ngati mubayira jakisoni kumanzere kwa mimba lero, muyenera kubaya jakisoni kumanja mawa, ndipo tsiku lotsatira pa ntchafu yakumanzere.

Dokotala wanu kapena Namwino Wophunzitsa Matenda a Shuga adzakuphunzitsani momwe mungabayire insulin, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito sirinji, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito cholembera cha insulin ngati muli nacho. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo awa molondola.

Kodi zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi ziti?

Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, insulin ingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazing'ono. Koma palibe chodetsa nkhawa nacho, chifukwa kudziwa izi kungathandize kwambiri kuziletsa.

Hypoglycemia - shuga wotsika m'magazi

Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe tonsefe tiyenera kusamala nacho tikamamwa insulin. Mwachidule, vuto ili lotchedwa `Hypoglycemia` limachitika pamene shuga m'magazi mwatsika kwambiri.

• Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
• Kutuluka thukuta mwadzidzidzi
• Kumva ngati thupi lanu likugwedezeka
• Kugunda kwa mtima
• Kumva nkhawa, kusakhazikika
• Kumva njala kwambiri
• Kumva chizungulire, mutu wopepuka
• Kusintha kwa mawu, kumveka pang'ono polankhula
• Maso osawoneka bwino
• Ngati vutoli likula kwambiri, lingayambitse kutaya chidziwitso. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zizindikiro izi.

• N’chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika?
• Kudya mochedwa kapena kulumpha chakudya.
• Kumwa insulin yambiri.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuposa masiku onse, kusadya mokwanira kuti muchepetse shuga m'magazi, kapena kusachepetsa insulin.

• Chochita? Mukangomva zizindikirozi, muyenera kudya shuga mwamsanga. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kumwa mapiritsi ochepa a shuga, supuni ziwiri kapena zitatu za shuga wosungunuka m'madzi pang'ono, kumwa madzi a zipatso (ndi shuga), kapena kumwa chakumwa chotsekemera pang'ono. Kenako, pakapita kanthawi, idyani chakudya chochepa chokhala ndi chakudya chophatikizana (monga chidutswa cha buledi, mabisiketi angapo). Ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi ndikudziwa bwino zomwe mungachite pakagwa ngozi.

Kuyankha kwa Matenda a M'deralo

Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Malo omwe jakisoni wa insulin adaperekedwa amatha kufiira, kutupa pang'ono, komanso kuyabwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha zokha pakatha masiku ochepa. Komabe, ngati zikupitirira kapena zikuipiraipira, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu.

Kulemera

Anthu ena angaonde pang'ono akayamba kumwa insulin. Izi zili choncho chifukwa, kale, shuga sanali kulowa bwino m'maselo chifukwa cha matenda a shuga, koma tsopano, chifukwa cha insulin, shugayo imayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu. Komanso, mphamvu yochulukirapo imasungidwa m'thupi, zomwe zingayambitse kunenepa. Koma musadandaule, mutha kuwongolera kunenepa kumeneku mwa kudya zakudya zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse.

Kumbukirani izi mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin:

• Kumwa insulin musanadye: Ma insulin othamanga monga Humalog®, Novolog®, ndi Apidra® nthawi zambiri ayenera kumwedwa mphindi 15 musanadye. Insulin yokhazikika iyenera kumwedwa mphindi 30 musanadye. Kutsatira nthawi imeneyi ndikofunikira kwambiri pochepetsa shuga m'magazi mukatha kudya.
• Kusakaniza insulin: Mitundu ina ya insulin (monga insulin yogwira ntchito mwachangu kapena yokhazikika ndi insulin ya NPH) ikhoza kusakanikirana mu syringe imodzi. Koma pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanu akukuuzani kuti muchite zimenezo. Komabe, musasakanize insulin yochokera ku kampani ina ndi insulin yochokera ku ina. Mwachitsanzo, Humulin-R® (yochokera ku Eli Lilly) sayenera kusakanikirana ndi Novolin-N® (yochokera ku Novo-Nordisk). Izi zili choncho chifukwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma insulin awa ndi zosungira zomwe zilimo zingakhale zosiyana, kotero zotsatira za kusakaniza pamodzi sizinaphunzire.
• Dokotala wanu adzasankha mtundu wa insulin yoyenera kwa inu, kuchuluka (mlingo) komwe muyenera kumwa, kangati patsiku komwe muyenera kumwa, komanso nthawi yomwe muyenera kumwa. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola. Musasinthe mlingo kapena nthawi yomwe mukufuna.
• Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mapeni a insulin, gwiritsani ntchito singano zomwe zimakuyenererani zomwe zikugwirizana ndi cholembera chanu. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito singano yatsopano nthawi iliyonse mukabaya insulin. Kugwiritsanso ntchito singano yomweyo mobwerezabwereza kungayambitse kupweteka, matenda, komanso kupangika kwa singano, zomwe zingalepheretse insulin kuperekedwa bwino.
• Ndikofunikanso kusunga insulin pamalo oyenera kutentha. Mabotolo kapena mapeni a insulin otsekedwa omwe sakugwiritsidwa ntchito ayenera kusungidwa mufiriji (osati mufiriji). Botolo kapena cholembera chomwe changogwiritsidwa ntchito chingasungidwe kutentha kwa chipinda (kutali ndi dzuwa lachindunji komanso kutentha kwambiri). Kutalika kwa nthawi kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa insulin. Yang'anani kabuku kamene kamabwera ndi insulin yanu, kapena funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala.

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kukhala ndi matenda a shuga nthawi zina kungakhale kovuta. Komabe, insulin ndi mankhwala ofunika omwe angakuthandizeni kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi mwanu, kukutetezani ku mavuto omwe matenda a shuga angayambitse, komanso kukuthandizani kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wachimwemwe.

Musamaope insulin kapena kuganiza kuti ndi vuto lalikulu. Ganizirani ngati mnzanu, munthu amene alipo kuti akuthandizeni ndikukusamalirani.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena kukayikira pang'ono za insulin kapena matenda a shuga, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu, namwino wa matenda a shuga, kapena wamankhwala popanda kukayikira kapena manyazi. Onse ndi okonzeka kukuthandizani ndikuyankha mafunso anu.

Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin moyenera, kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu, kudya zakudya zabwino, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse, mutha kuthana ndi matenda anu a shuga bwino ndikukhala ndi moyo wosangalala. Ndikukufunirani zabwino zonse!

Insulin , Matenda a Shuga, Mitundu ya Insulin, Hypoglycemia, Jakisoni wa Insulin, Apidra, Novolog, Humalog, Lantus, Levemir, Tresiba, NPH