Tiyeni tiphunzire za zotupa zazing'ono zomwe zimapangidwa m'matumbo? - Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS)

Aliyense angaope kwambiri ngati ataona magazi m'chimbudzi chake, makamaka mwa mwana wamng'ono. Kapena mukuda nkhawa ndi zinthu monga kupweteka m'mimba kosalekeza, kudzimbidwa, komanso kumva kutopa? Izi nthawi zina zingakhale zizindikiro za matenda a majini omwe tikambirane otchedwa Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS). Musachite mantha ngakhale kuti dzinalo likumveka lovuta pang'ono. Ngakhale kuti si vuto lofala kwambiri, ndikofunikira kudziwa za vutoli. Tiyeni tikambirane za vutoli m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Mwachidule, kodi Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, JPS ndi matenda a majini omwe amachititsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono totchedwa ma polyps tipangidwe pamakoma a dongosolo lathu logaya chakudya (m'mimba (GI) tract) . Izi zili ngati mbewu zazing'ono zomwe zimapachikidwa pa phesi laling'ono.

Ma polyps awa amatha kupezeka kulikonse m'mimba, koma amapezeka kwambiri mu:

• M'mimba
• Rectum

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina amatha kumera m'mimba ndi m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Munthu amene ali ndi JPS akhoza kukhala ndi ma polyps angapo, nthawi zina opitilira zana.

Kodi tikamanena kuti "ana aang'ono," zikutanthauza kuti matenda amenewa amakhudza ana aang'ono okha?

Funso limene anthu ambiri amaliganizira ndi ili. Tikamva mawu oti "ana," timaganiza za ana aang'ono ndi achinyamata. Komabe, mawuwa sagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ponena za msinkhu wa wodwalayo. Dzinali limaperekedwa kutengera momwe ma polyps awa amaonekera pansi pa maikulosikopu (mtundu wa maselo awo).

Komabe, chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti zizindikiro za JPS nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuonekera munthu asanakwanitse zaka 20 , kutanthauza kuti ali mwana kapena wachinyamata. Chifukwa chake, munthu angaganize kuti dzinali ndi loyenera pang'ono.

Kodi pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya JPS?

Inde, JPS ikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu ikuluikulu. Mtundu uliwonse ndi wosiyana pang'ono ndi unzake. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

Kodi matendawa ndi obadwa nawo?

Inde, JPS ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Amafalikira m'njira yolamulira autosomal . Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti autosomal dominant iyi imatanthauza chiyani.

Pafupifupi 75% ya odwala a JPS amalandira matendawa kuchokera kwa makolo awo mwanjira imeneyi. Koma pafupifupi 25% ya milandu, amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini komwe palibe aliyense m'banjamo amene wakhala nako kale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wina akhoza kukhala nako ngakhale palibe aliyense m'banjamo amene ali nako.

Kodi zizindikiro za JPS ndi ziti?

Chinthu chachikulu cha JPS ndi ma polyps omwe tidakambirana kale. Amakula mkati mwa thupi, kotero sitingathe kuwaona kuchokera kunja. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, ma polyps ena amatha kuwoneka kunja kwa rectum.

Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zimawonekera pamene ma polyps akukula kapena kuchuluka. Ndi ma polyps awa omwe tiyenera kuda nkhawa nawo.

Makhalidwe ena omwe ana ena angakhale nawo pobadwa

Pafupifupi 15% ya odwala a JPS akhoza kukhala ndi matenda ena akuthupi omwe amapezeka pobadwa kuwonjezera pa ma polyps. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Mkamwa wosweka
• Kukhala ndi zala zina m'manja ndi m'mapazi (Polydactyly)
• Matenda a ubongo, mtima, ziwalo zoberekera, kapena dongosolo la mkodzo
• Kupotoza matumbo (Malrotation)
• Kusintha kwa mitsempha yamagazi pakhungu (Telangiectasia)

Kodi pali mgwirizano pakati pa JPS ndi chiopsezo cha khansa?

Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri ndipo ndi chinthu chomwe tiyenera kusamala nacho. Ma polyps omwe amayamba chifukwa cha JPS poyamba amakula ngati zotupa zopanda khansa (zosavulaza) . Izi zikutanthauza kuti si khansa.

Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi JPS ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya m'mimba kuposa ena. Ichi ndiye choopsa kwambiri cha matendawa. Chiwopsezocho chikhoza kukhala chachikulu mpaka 30% - 50%.

Khansa zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu:

• Khansa ya m'matumbo
• Khansa ya m'mimba
• Khansa ya kapamba
• Khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono

Chifukwa chiyani JPS imachitika? Chifukwa cha sayansi ndi chiyani?

JPS imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini awiri m'thupi lathu, BMPR1A ndi SMAD4 .

Taganizirani majini awiriwa ngati "oyang'anira" awiri omwe amalamulira ntchito ya maselo athu. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuuza maselo kuti, "Chabwino, gawani tsopano" ndi "Chabwino, siyani kugawa tsopano." Umu ndi momwe amalamulira kukula kwa maselo.

Chomwe chimachitika mu JPS n'chakuti majini amenewa akasinthidwa, "woyang'anira" ameneyo sagwira ntchito bwino. Kenako maselo amachoka paulamuliro. Amagawikana mofulumira kwambiri, amasonkhana pamwamba pa wina ndi mnzake, ndipo amapanga ma polyp omwe tawatchulawa.

Kodi JPS imapezedwa bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za JPS, dokotala wanu adzayamba kukuyang'anani ndikufunsani za zizindikiro zanu komanso ngati pali wina aliyense m'banja mwanu amene wakhala ndi matenda ofanana ndi anu. Kuti mupezeke ndi JPS, muyenera kukhala ndi chimodzi mwa izi:

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa pa izi?

Dokotala adzalangiza mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire matendawa:

• Colonoscopy kapena Endoscopy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa chubu chopyapyala komanso chosinthasintha chokhala ndi kamera ndi kuwala kudzera mu anus kuti muwone mkati mwa matumbo akulu. Izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati pali ma polyps, komwe ali, komanso kuchuluka kwa omwe alipo. Kuti muwunikire mimba, chubucho chimayikidwa kudzera pakamwa (Upper GI Endoscopy).

• Kuyezetsa magazi m'majini: Chitsanzo cha magazi chimatengedwa ndikuyesedwa kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa JPS.

Kodi mankhwala a JPS ndi otani?

Zolinga zazikulu za chithandizo cha JPS ndikuchotsa ma polyps, kuwongolera zizindikiro, ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa. Dokotala wanu adzakukonzerani chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kutengera zaka zanu, thanzi lanu, kuchuluka kwa ma polyps, ndi komwe ali.

Pali njira zingapo zochizira:

• Kuchotsa ma polyps panthawi ya colonoscopy: Ngati pali ma polyps ochepa okha, amatha kudulidwa ndikuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zomwe zimadutsa mu chubu.
• Kuchotsa ma polyps pa opaleshoni: Ngati ma polyps ndi akuluakulu kwambiri kapena ali pamalo omwe sangathe kuchotsedwa panthawi ya colonoscopy, opaleshoni ingafunike.
• Kuchotsa gawo la m'mimba kapena m'mimba mwa opaleshoni: Ngati pali ma polyps ambiri m'dera limodzi, madokotala angasankhe kuchotsa gawo lonselo la m'mimba mwawo.

Kodi mumasamalira bwanji moyo wanu mutapezeka ndi matendawa?

Palibe mankhwala a JPS. Chifukwa chake, munthu akapezeka ndi matendawa, chofunika kwambiri ndikuphunzira kukhala ndi moyo ndikuwongolera matendawa. Njira yabwino yochitira izi ndikuyesedwa nthawi zonse.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyezetsa kangati?

• Kuyesa koyamba kuyenera kuchitika zizindikiro zikayamba kuwonekera kapena asanakwanitse zaka 15 .
• Ngati palibe mavuto panthawi yoyezetsa koyamba (popanda ma polyps), ndikokwanira kuyezetsa zaka zitatu zilizonse .
• Ngati mwakhala ndi ma polyp angapo ndipo mwachotsedwa kapena mwachitidwa opaleshoni, muyenera kuyezedwa chaka chilichonse . Ngati palibe ma polyp omwe apezekanso, mutha kusintha kuti muyezedwe zaka zitatu zilizonse, monga momwe dokotala wanu adalangizira.

Mukamaliza kulandira chithandizo, muyenera kupatsa thupi lanu nthawi yoti lichiritse. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri kuti zizindikiro zithe ndipo muyambe kumva bwino.

Nthawi iliyonse mukafuna kuonana ndi dokotala.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za JPS, makamaka magazi m'chimbudzi chanu , musanyalanyaze. Pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga. Komanso, ngati wina aliyense m'banja mwanu ali ndi mbiri ya polyps kapena JPS, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu. Popeza uwu ndi matenda obadwa nawo, chidziwitso chimenecho n'chofunika kwambiri pozindikira matendawa.