Kodi thanzi la mapapo anu lili bwanji? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Mayeso a Mapapo ndi Nirogi Lanka!

Muli bwanji lero? Tikambirana za chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokhudza mapapu anu. Kodi dokotala wanu adakulangizanipo kuti muyesedwe 'mayeso a mapapu'? Kapena mwina mwakhala mukupuma movutikira kapena mukutsokomola? Ngati ndi choncho, kukambirana kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri kwa inu. Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule zomwe mayesowa ali, chifukwa chake amachitikira, komanso momwe amachitikira, mwachidule.

Choyamba, kodi mapapu athu ndi chiyani?

Tisanalowe mu mayesowa, tiyeni titenge kaye nthawi kuti timvetse bwino mapapu anu ndi ntchito yodabwitsa yomwe amagwira m'thupi lanu.Mwachidule, mapapu anu ndi ziwalo ziwiri zodabwitsa zonga siponji zomwe zili mbali zonse ziwiri za chifuwa chanu. Mukapuma, mapapu anu amagwira ntchito ngati chipata, kutenga mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga ndikuupereka m'magazi anu. Nthawi yomweyo, amachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri yochotsa mpweya woipa m'thupi lanu. Monga momwe masamba amaperekera moyo ku mtengo, mapapu anu amapereka mpweya wofunikira wa moyo kwa inu. Kodi zimenezo n'zomveka?

Ndiye, kodi Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Tiyeni tiwone bwino Mayeso a Mapapu (LFTs), omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa Mayeso a Mapapu (PFTs). Mwachidule, mayesowa amayesa momwe mapapu anu akuchitira bwino—makamaka momwe mungapumire ndi kutulutsa mpweya bwino komanso momasuka. Taganizirani izi ngati 'kusintha' kwa mapapu anu; monga momwe makanika amaonera momwe injini imagwirira ntchito, mayesowa amapatsa dokotala wanu kuwunika bwino momwe mapapu anu alili panopa.

N’chifukwa chiyani dokotala wanu walangiza kuti muyesedwe chonchi?

Mwina mukudabwa chifukwa chake dokotala wanu wa ku Nirogi Lanka walamula mayesowa. Pali zifukwa zingapo zofunika zowunikira izi:

• Kufufuza mavuto opuma: Ngati mukumva chifuwa chosatha, kupuma movutikira, kutopa mukamachita zinthu zopepuka (monga kukwera masitepe), kapena kumva chifuwa chikulimba komanso kupuma movutikira, mayesowa amathandiza kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli.
• Kuzindikira matenda a m'mapapo: Mayeso awa ndi ofunikira potsimikizira kapena kuzindikira matenda osatha monga Asthma , COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) — omwe nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusuta fodya—ndi Pulmonary Fibrosis .
• Kuyang'anira momwe matenda akupitira patsogolo: Ngati muli kale ndi vuto la m'mapapo lomwe lapezeka, mayesowa amachitidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti atsimikizire kuti dongosolo lanu la chithandizo likugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti aone ngati vuto lanu lili bwino, likukwera, kapena likuipiraipira.
• Kuwunika opaleshoni isanachitike: Mayesowa amatithandiza kuwona ngati mapapu anu ali olimba mokwanira kuti athe kupirira kupsinjika kwa opaleshoniyi komanso zotsatira za opaleshoni yoletsa kupweteka.
• Kuwunika kuwonongeka kwa ntchito: Ngati ntchito yanu ikuphatikizapo kukhudzana ndi fumbi, mankhwala, kapena zinthu monga asbestos (monga migodi kapena kupanga mankhwala), timagwiritsa ntchito mayesowa kuti tiwone ngati mapapo angawonongeke kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kodi Mayeso Odziwika Kwambiri a Ntchito ya M'mapapo ndi ati?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma LFT, koma yodziwika kwambiri—ndipo nthawi zambiri gawo loyamba—ndi Spirometry .

Kodi Spirometry ndi chiyani?

Kuyeza kwa Spirometry ndi njira yosavuta komanso yosavulaza. Mudzapemphedwa kutseka milomo yanu mozungulira cholumikizira pakamwa cholumikizidwa ndi chipangizo chotchedwa Spirometer . Mukapuma mpweya wozama, mudzapemphedwa kutulutsa mpweya mwamphamvu komanso mokwanira momwe mungathere —taganizirani kuti mukuyesera kuzimitsa makandulo onse pa keke ya tsiku lobadwa kamodzi kokha.

Mayesowa makamaka amayesa mfundo ziwiri zofunika:

1. FVC (Kuthamangitsidwa Kwambiri): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungathe kutulutsa mwamphamvu mutapuma mozama kwambiri momwe mungathere.

2. FEV1 (Voliyumu Yotulutsa Mpweya Pa Sekondi 1): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungatulutse mkati mwa sekondi yoyamba ya mpweya wokakamizidwawo.

Mwa kuwunika mfundo izi, dokotala wanu akhoza kudziwa momwe mapapu anu alili abwino komanso ngati pali zopinga m'njira zanu zopumira (monga zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mphumu kapena COPD). Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene ali ndi mphumu angasonyeze FEV1 yotsika poyerekeza ndi munthu wathanzi.

Mwinanso mukudziwa bwino za Peak Flow Meter . Ichi ndi chida chaching'ono, chonyamulika chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala mphumu kunyumba kuti aziyang'anira momwe mapapo awo amagwirira ntchito paokha. Chimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi kutulutsa mpweya mwamphamvu.

Kodi pali mitundu ina ya mayeso?

Inde, ngakhale kuti spirometry ndi yofala, pali mayeso apadera kuti mupeze matenda ozama, omwe dokotala wanu angakulangizeni ngati pakufunika kutero:

• Mayeso a Kuchuluka kwa Mapapo: Izi zimapereka muyeso wolondola wa mphamvu ya mapapo anu, monga kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mapapo anu amatha kusunga (Total Lung Capacity) ndi mpweya wotsala mutapuma bwino (Residual Volume). Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kukhala mkati mwa chipinda chaching'ono chokhala ndi makoma agalasi chotchedwa Body Plethysmograph .
• Mayeso Okhudza Kufalikira kwa Mpweya (DLCO): Mayeso ofunikira awa amayesa momwe mpweya umayendera bwino kuchokera m'matumba a mpweya m'mapapo anu (alveoli) kupita m'magazi anu, zomwe zimasonyeza momwe mapapu anu amathandizira kusinthana kwa mpweya.
• Mayeso Ochita Maseŵera a Mtima ndi Mapafu: Ngati dokotala wanu akufunika kuona momwe mapapu anu, mtima wanu, ndi kayendedwe ka magazi zimayankhira pamene mukuvutika, mungapemphedwe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi opepuka (monga kuyenda pa treadmill kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njinga yosasuntha) panthawi yoyesedwa.

Kodi muyenera kukonzekera bwanji mayesowa?

Kukonzekera ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola. Dokotala wanu kapena ogwira ntchito kuchipatala ku Nirogi Lanka adzakupatsani malangizo omveka bwino, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi izi:

• Kusintha kwa mankhwala: Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opumira a mphumu kapena mankhwala ena monga ma bronchodilator kuti akuthandizeni kupuma, dokotala wanu angakupempheni kuti muwayimitse kwa maola angapo (nthawi zambiri maola 4-6 kapena 12) musanayesedwe. Komabe, kumbukirani: musasiye kapena kusintha mankhwala anu popanda malangizo omveka bwino ochokera kwa dokotala wanu.
• Pewani kusuta: Muyenera kupewa kusuta fodya tsiku lomwe mwayesa, ndipo osachepera maola awiri musanachite opaleshoni.
• Pewani kudya zakudya zambiri:Musadye chakudya chambiri nthawi yochepa musanayesedwe. Mimba yodzaza ingachepetse mphamvu ya mapapu anu kuti azitha kufutukuka mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma mozama.
• Valani zovala zomasuka: Pewani zovala zolimba komanso zoletsa kuzungulira pachifuwa kapena m'chiuno mwanu. M'malo mwake, valani zovala zomasuka komanso zomasuka zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopuma momasuka.
• Kafeini ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi: Mungalangizidwe kupewa kafeini (yomwe imapezeka mu tiyi, khofi, ndi zina zotero) komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa maola angapo musanayesedwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro monga chimfine, malungo, kapena chifuwa patsiku loyesedwa, chonde dziwitsani dokotala wanu kapena malo oyezetsera nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala wanu ingafunike kuchedwetsedwa kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pa mayeso a Spirometry?

Tiyeni tione zomwe zimachitika panthawi ya mayeso a spirometry. Khalani otsimikiza—palibe choopa. Iyi ndi njira yosavulaza komanso yopanda ululu.

1. Mudzakhala pansi bwino pampando.

2. Pamphuno panu padzaikidwa chogwirira chofewa. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mumapuma kudzera pakamwa panu pokha, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mpweya usatuluke kudzera m'mphuno mwanu panthawi yoyezetsa.

3. Katswiri kapena namwino adzakufunsani kuti muyike milomo yanu mozungulira pakamwa pa spirometer kuti mutseke bwino, kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya sutuluka.

4. Poyamba, mudzapemphedwa kuti mupume bwino kwa kanthawi kochepa.

5. Kenako pamabwera gawo lofunika kwambiri: Katswiri adzakulangizani kuti: “Pumirani mpweya wozama, dzazani mapapu anu momwe mungathere!” Mukamaliza kuchita zimenezo, adzanena kuti, “Tsopano, tulutsani mpweya mwamphamvu, mwachangu, komanso kwa nthawi yayitali momwe mungathere! Pitirizani, pitirizani kupuma mpaka mapapu anu atakhala opanda kanthu!”

Taganizirani ngati mukuyesera kuzimitsa makandulo onse pa keke ya tsiku lobadwa nthawi imodzi, kapena kudzaza buluni lalikulu nthawi imodzi. Muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri. Mungamve kutopa pang'ono, kapena nthawi zina mutu wanu umakhala wopepuka pang'ono, koma izi sizachilendo.

6. Mudzapemphedwa kubwereza izi kangapo (nthawi zambiri mayesero osachepera atatu opambana kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndi olondola). Mudzakhala ndi nthawi yopuma pakati pa kuyesa kulikonse.

7. Nthawi zina, mutatha mayeso oyamba, mungapatsidwe mankhwala a bronchodilator (nthawi zambiri kudzera mu inhaler). Mudzadikira kwa mphindi 10-20 kenako mudzabwereza njira yopumira. Izi zimadziwika kuti 'Post-Bronchodilator Spirometry.' Zimathandiza kudziwa momwe njira zanu zopumira zimayankhira mankhwalawo. Izi ndizofunikira pozindikira matenda monga mphumu.

Mayeso onse nthawi zambiri amatenga mphindi 30 mpaka 45. Katswiri adzakutsogolerani pa sitepe iliyonse. Ngati mukumva kusasangalala nthawi iliyonse, musazengereze kuwauza.

Kodi zotsatira za mayesowa zikutiuza chiyani?

Mayeso akatha, dokotala wanu adzasanthula deta (monga FVC ndi FEV1 values) ndi ma graph kuti akufotokozereni zotsatira zanu. Zotsatirazi zikupereka chidziwitso chofunikira:

• Kuzindikira matenda a m'mapapo: Zimathandiza kudziwa ngati muli ndi matenda monga mphumu, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, kapena bronchiectasis.
• Kuwunika kuopsa kwa matenda: Ngati pali vuto, mfundo izi zimathandiza kugawa kuopsa kwake (monga, pang'ono, pang'ono, kapena koopsa).
• Kugawa matendawa m'magulu (Oletsa Kugonana ndi Oletsa Kugonana): Matenda a m'mapapo amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: matenda 'oletsa' (kumene njira zopumira zimakhala zochepa, monga mphumu kapena COPD) ndi matenda 'oletsa' (kumene mapapu sangathe kukula mokwanira, monga pulmonary fibrosis). Spirometry imathandiza kusiyanitsa mitundu iyi.
• Kuyang'anira momwe chithandizo chikugwirira ntchito: Ngati muli kale ndi chithandizo, mayesowa amachitidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti aone ngati ntchito ya mapapo anu ikuyenda bwino kapena ikukhazikika.

Dokotala wanu sadzayang'ana zotsatira izi padera koma adzaziyerekeza ndi zizindikiro zanu, mbiri yanu yachipatala, ndi mayeso ena ozindikira matenda (monga X-ray pachifuwa). Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi mafunso aliwonse kapena simukudziwa bwino za zotsatira zake, chonde musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu—onetsetsani kuti mukumvetsa bwino momwe thanzi lanu lilili.

Kodi pali zoopsa kapena kusasangalala kulikonse komwe kumakhudzana ndi mayesowa?

Kuyeza kwa spirometry kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yotetezeka kwambiri. Mavuto akuluakulu ndi osowa kwambiri.

Komabe, anthu ena angavutike pang'ono panthawi yoyezetsa kapena nthawi yomweyo atangomaliza:

• Kutopa kapena chizungulire: Kupuma mokakamiza kungakhale kotopetsa, ndipo anthu ena angamve kutopa kwakanthawi, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatha kokha mkati mwa mphindi zochepa.
• Kutsokomola: Kupuma mozama ndi kutulutsa mpweya mwamphamvu kungayambitse chifuwa mwa anthu ena.
• Kulimba pachifuwa: Nthawi zina, mungamve ngati chifuwa chayamba kulimba pang'ono.
• Mutu: Nthawi zambiri, anthu ena amamva kupweteka mutu pang'ono akamaliza mayeso.

Komabe, ngati mwangodwala matenda a mtima posachedwapa, mwachitidwa opaleshoni yaikulu pachifuwa, mwachitidwa opaleshoni yaikulu ya maso (monga kuchotsa cataract), mukuvutika ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kosalamulirika, kapena mwakumana ndi vuto ngati mapapu ogwa (pneumothorax), dokotala wanu adzafufuza mosamala ngati mayesowa ndi oyenera kwa inu. Ndikofunikira kuti mupatse dokotala wanu mbiri yonse yolondola ya thanzi lanu komanso mankhwala aliwonse omwe mukumwa.

Mfundo zofunika kuzikumbukira

Taphunzira zambiri zokhudza Mayeso a Malungo, makamaka Spirometry. Ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano mwamvetsa bwino momwe zinthu zilili. Nazi mfundo zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Mayeso a ntchito ya mapapo ndiNjira yamtengo wapatali kwambiri, yosavuta, yopanda ululu, komanso yotetezeka yowunikira thanzi la mapapo anu ndikuwona momwe akugwirira ntchito bwino.
• Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zosatha monga chifuwa chosatha, kupuma movutikira, kupuma movutikira, kapena kulimba pachifuwa, musayembekezere kuti zithetsedwe zokha; funsani dokotala mwamsanga. Ngati kuli kofunikira, dokotala wanu adzakulangizani mayeso awa.
• Kuyeza kwa Spirometry ndi mayeso omwe amachitidwa kwambiri komanso ophunzitsa anthu ambiri m'gululi. Musanayambe nthawi yanu yokumana ndi dokotala, onetsetsani kuti mwatsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu okhudza mankhwala ndi zakudya zomwe sizikuletsedwa.
• Palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa panthawi ya mayeso. Akatswiri athu aluso alipo kuti akutsogolereni ndikukuthandizani nthawi yonseyi—ingoyesetsani kutsatira malangizo awo.
• Mukapeza zotsatira za mayeso anu, kambiranani bwino ndi dokotala wanu. Funsani mafunso aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwamvetsa bwino zotsatira zanu ndi njira zotsatirazi.

Mapapu anu ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali chomwe chimakuthandizani kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Kuika patsogolo thanzi lawo, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, ndikupita kukayezetsa kofunikira pakafunika kutero n'kofunika kwambiri. Nirogi Lanka akufunirani thanzi ndi moyo wabwino kwa moyo wanu wonse!

Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo , Spirometry, Mphumu, COPD, Kupuma, Thanzi la M'mapapo