Kodi thanzi la mapapo anu lili bwanji? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Mayeso a Ntchito ya Mapapo!

Muli bwanji? Lero tikambirana za chinthu chofunika kwambiri chokhudza mapapu athu. Kodi dokotala wanu adakufunsanipo kuti muchite mayeso a 'matenda a mapapu'? Kapena nthawi zambiri mumavutika kupuma, monga chifuwa? Ndiye nkhaniyi idzakhala yofunika kwambiri kwa inu. Tiyeni tiwone kuti mayesowa ndi otani, chifukwa chake amachitidwa, komanso momwe amachitikira mosavuta.

Choyamba, kodi mapapu athu ndi chiyani?

Chabwino, tisanalankhule za mayeso awa, tiyeni tidzikumbutse kuti mapapu athu ndi otani komanso kuti amapereka chithandizo chabwino bwanji kwa matupi athu. Mwachidule, mapapu ndi ziwalo ziwiri zodabwitsa, zofanana ndi siponji mbali zonse ziwiri za chifuwa chathu. Tikamapuma, mapapu awa amalandira mpweya wochokera ku chilengedwe ndikuwonjezera m'magazi athu. Komanso, mapapu awa amachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri yotulutsa mpweya woipa womwe umasonkhana m'matupi athu. Monga momwe masamba a mtengo amaperekera moyo ku mtengo wonse, mapapu athu amatipatsanso mpweya wa moyo. Kodi mukumvetsa?

Ndiye, kodi mayeso a ntchito ya mapapo awa ndi otani?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe mayeso a ntchito ya mapapo awa amatchedwa `Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo - LFTs` kapena nthawi zina `Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo - PFTs`. Mayesowa amayesa momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito, momwe mungapumire bwino komanso mosavuta. Taganizirani ngati 'kusintha' injini ya galimoto kuti muwone momwe ikugwirira ntchito, mayesowa amalola madokotala athu kudziwa bwino momwe mapapu anu alili.

N’chifukwa chiyani dokotala angakupempheni kuti muchite mayeso amtunduwu?

Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, "N'chifukwa chiyani dokotala wanga angandipemphe kuti ndichite mayeso ngati awa?" Kwenikweni, pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo za izi. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

• Yang'anani ngati mukuvutika kupuma: Kodi muli ndi chifuwa chosalekeza? Kodi muli ndi mphuno yotuluka madzi? Kodi mumamva kusowa mpweya ngakhale mutakwera masitepe angapo? Kapena mumamva ngati chifuwa chanu chachepa kapena chikupanga phokoso la kupuma mukamapuma? Ngati ndi choncho, mayesowa angakuthandizeni kudziwa chomwe chikuyambitsa vutoli.
• Dziwani matenda a m'mapapo: Pali matenda ena omwe amakhudza mapapo. Mwachitsanzo, mphumu , COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) (iyi ndi matenda a m'mapapo omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa osuta fodya), ndi pulmonary fibrosis (Pulmonary Fibrosis) zimathandiza kwambiri potsimikizira matenda ngati amenewa.
• Yang'anirani momwe matenda alili: Ngati muli kale ndi matenda a m'mapapo (monga mphumu), kodi matendawa tsopano akutha ndipo kodi mankhwala omwe mumamwa akugwira ntchito bwino?Mayeso amenewa amachitikanso nthawi ndi nthawi kuti aone ngati zinthu zikuyenda bwino kapena zikuipiraipira.
• Musanachite opaleshoni yayikulu: Nthawi zina, musanachite opaleshoni yayikulu, mayesowa amachitidwanso kuti awone ngati mapapu anu azitha kupirira opaleshoniyo komanso mankhwala oletsa ululu.
• Yang'anani ngati mapapo awonongeka: Pali anthu omwe amagwira ntchito zinazake komwe nthawi zonse amakhala ndi fumbi ndi mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe amagwira ntchito m'makola a miyala, mafakitale a asbestos, ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Mapapu a anthu otere amatha kuwonongeka pakapita nthawi. Mayesowa ndi othandizanso pofufuza ngati kuwonongeka koteroko kwachitika.

Kodi mayeso ofala kwambiri a ntchito ya m'mapapo ndi ati?

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo". Pakati pawo, mayeso ofala kwambiri komanso oyamba omwe amachitidwa ndi mayeso a "Spirometry" . Mungakumbukire kuti izi zatchulidwa koyambirira kwa nkhaniyi.

Kodi Spirometry ndi chiyani?

Iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala njira yoyamba yoyezera mapapu anu, ndipo ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri. Imafuna kuyika pakamwa panu mu chipangizo chaching'ono (chotchedwa spirometer) ndikukupemphani kuti mupume mpweya wakuya, kenako mutulutse mpweya mwachangu komanso motalika momwe mungathere. Zili ngati kuzimitsa makandulo onse pa keke ya tsiku lobadwa nthawi imodzi!

Mayeso a spirometry awa amayesa zinthu zingapo, ziwiri zofunika kwambiri mwa izi ndi:

1. FVC (Kuthamangitsidwa Kwambiri): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungathe kuupuma mozama momwe mungathere mu mpweya umodzi kenako n’kutulutsa mpweya mwachangu komanso mokwanira momwe mungathere.

2. FEV1 (Voliyumu Yotulutsa Mpweya Yokakamizidwa mu sekondi imodzi): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungathe kutulutsa mu sekondi yoyamba mukatulutsa mpweya mwachangu monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.

Mwa kuyang'ana mfundo ziwirizi, `FVC` ndi `FEV1` (ndi zina zingapo), dokotala angapeze lingaliro labwino la momwe mapapu anu alili athanzi komanso ngati pali kutsekeka kapena kutsekeka kulikonse m'njira zanu zopumira (monga mphumu kapena `COPD`). Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene ali ndi `(Asthma)` akhoza kukhala ndi `FEV1` yotsika kuposa munthu wathanzi wabwinobwino.

Mwina munawonapo chipangizo chaching'ono chotchedwa ``Peak Flow Meter''. Nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu kuti aziyang'anira matenda awo kunyumba. Chimaphatikizaponso kupumira mpweya. Chimaperekanso lingaliro la momwe mapapo amagwirira ntchito.

Kodi pali mitundu ina ya mayeso?

Inde, pali mayeso ena apadera kupatula spirometry. Si aliyense amene amafunikira izi. Amachitidwa pokhapokha ngati dokotala akuona kuti ndikofunikira.

• Mayeso a Kuchuluka kwa Mapapo:Izi zitha kuyeza molondola zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mapapu anu amatha kusunga (Total Lung Capacity) ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umatsala m'mapapu anu mutapuma bwino (Residual Volume). Nthawi zina mayesowa amachitika pokuikani m'chipinda chaching'ono chagalasi (chotchedwa body plethysmograph).
• Mayeso Okhudza Kufalikira kwa Mpweya (DLCO): Iyi ndi mayeso ofunikira kwambiri. Amayesa momwe mpweya womwe mumapuma umalowa mwachangu komanso moyenera m'magazi kudzera m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a mpweya (alveoli) m'mapapo. Izi zikusonyeza momwe mapapo akusinthirana mpweya bwino.
• Mayeso Olimbitsa Thupi a Mtima ndi Mapafu: Mayeso amenewa nthawi zina amachitidwa kuti awone momwe mapapu anu, mtima, ndi kayendedwe ka magazi zimayankhira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi (monga kuyenda pa treadmill kapena kukwera njinga) komanso kuti awone ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse lopuma.

Kodi pali chilichonse chomwe ndiyenera kukonzekera ndisanachite mayesowa?

Inde, pali kukonzekera pang'ono musanapite kukayezetsa. Dokotala wanu kapena chipatala chomwe mayesowa akuchitikira chidzakupatsani malangizo omveka bwino okhudza izi. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu ngati izi zimanenedwa:

• Mankhwala ena angafunike kuyimitsidwa kwakanthawi: Ngati mutenga mankhwala opumira, monga a mphumu, kapena mankhwala ena ochepetsa kutupa, mungapemphedwe kuti musiye kumwa mankhwalawa maola angapo musanayambe mayeso (mwina maola 4-6 kapena 12). Koma kumbukirani, simuyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala anu pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanu wakuuzani kuti mutero.
• Pewani kusuta fodya kotheratu: Muyenera kupewa kusuta fodya kotheratu tsiku loyesa komanso osachepera ola limodzi kapena awiri mayeso asanachitike.
• Musadye chakudya chambiri musanayesedwe. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mimba yanu ikadzaza, mapapu anu amakula mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma mozama.
• Osavala zovala zolimba komanso zopanikiza: M'malo mwa zovala zolimba zomwe zimapanikiza chifuwa chanu ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma, valani zovala zomasuka komanso zomasuka.
• Zakumwa ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi okhala ndi caffeine: Nthawi zina mungapemphedwe kuti musamamwe zakumwa zokhala ndi caffeine, monga tiyi ndi khofi, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa maola angapo mayeso asanayambe.

Komanso, ngati muli ndi matenda monga chimfine, malungo, kapena chifuwa patsiku loyesa, chonde dziwitsani dokotala wanu kapena labotale pasadakhale. Mayeso angafunike kuchedwetsedwa kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pa mayeso a spirometry?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimachitika panthawi ya mayeso a spirometry. Palibe choopa, chifukwa iyi si mayeso opweteka.

1. Choyamba, mudzakhala pansi bwino pampando.

2. Kenako, kachidutswa kakang'ono (nose clip) kamayikidwa pamphuno panu. Kamayikidwa kuti mukapuma mpweya kudzera pakamwa panu, mpweyawo usatuluke kudzera pamphuno. Kenako muyenera kungopuma mpweya wotuluka ndi wotuluka kudzera pakamwa panu.

3. Kenako, katswiri kapena namwino amene akuchita mayesowa adzakuuzani kuti mutseke milomo yanu mozungulira pakamwa pa spirometer kuti mpweya usatuluke.

4. Choyamba, mudzapemphedwa kupuma pang'ono mwachibadwa.

5. Kenako pamabwera gawo lofunika. Katswiri adzakuuzani kuti, "Pumirani mozama, dzazani mapapu anu momwe mungathere!" Mukachita zimenezo, nthawi yomweyo adzanena kuti, "Tsopano pumirani mofulumira komanso motalika momwe mungathere! Pumirani! Pumirani! Ndipo pumirani, mpaka dontho lomaliza la mpweya litapita!"

Tangoganizani kuzimitsa makandulo ambiri pa keke ya tsiku lobadwa nthawi imodzi. Kapena kupumira buluni lalikulu kamodzi kokha. Muyenera kuchita zonse momwe mungathere. Mudzamva kutopa pang'ono, mwina chizungulire pang'ono, koma zimenezo sizachilendo.

6. Mudzapemphedwa kuchita izi kangapo (nthawi zambiri katatu, mwina kuposerapo kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino). Mudzapatsidwa nthawi yochepa pakati pa nthawi iliyonse.

7. Nthawi zina, mukamaliza mayesowa, mumapatsidwa bronchodilator (nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a inhaler) ndipo mumapemphedwa kuti mupumenso mofanana kwa mphindi 10-20. Izi zimatchedwa Post-Bronchodilator Spirometry. Zimayesa momwe mapapu anu ndi njira zopumira zimayankhira mankhwalawo komanso ngati zimatseguka. Izi ndizofunikira pozindikira matenda monga mphumu.

Mayeso onse nthawi zambiri amatenga mphindi 30 mpaka 45. Katswiri amene amachita mayesowo adzakufotokozerani zonse bwino ndikukuthandizani. Ngati mukumva kusasangalala, musaope kumuwuza nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi tingaphunzire chiyani kuchokera ku zotsatira za mayesowa?

Mayeso akatha, dokotala adzasonkhanitsa deta yonse kuchokera pamenepo, monga `FVC`, `FEV1` values, ma graph, ndi zina zotero, ndikukufotokozerani. Mutha kuphunzira zinthu zambiri zofunika kuchokera ku zotsatirazi:

• Kaya muli ndi matenda a m'mapapo kapena ayi: Zotsatirazi zimathandiza kudziwa ngati muli ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a m'mapapo monga `(Asthma)`, `(COPD)`, `(Pulmonary Fibrosis)`, ndi `(Bronchiectasis)`.
• Kodi matendawa ndi oopsa bwanji: Ngati muli ndi matenda a m'mapapo, mfundo izi zimathandiza kugawa kuchuluka kwa matendawo (monga ofatsa, apakati, ovuta).
• Gawani matendawa m'magulu (Oletsa kapena Oletsa):Matenda ena a m'mapapo amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri. Limodzi ndi matenda oletsa kupuma. Apa ndi pamene njira zopumira (mpweya) zimatsekedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mphumu, `COPD` ingatchedwe. Lina ndi matenda oletsa kupuma. Apa ndi pamene mapapo sangathe kukula mokwanira, ndiko kuti, sangathe kukula. Mwachitsanzo, `pulmonary fibrosis`. Mayeso a spirometry awa angakuthandizeni kudziwa matenda awiriwa omwe muli nawo.
• Momwe thupi lanu limayankhira chithandizo: Ngati mukumwa kale mankhwala a matenda a m'mapapo, mayesowa amachitidwanso nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwone ngati matenda a m'mapapo anu akuyenda bwino kapena akukwera ndi mankhwala amenewo.

Dokotala sadzangoyerekeza zotsatira za mayesowa ndi zizindikiro zanu, mbiri yanu yachipatala, ndi mayeso ena omwe mwina adachitidwa (monga X-ray pachifuwa) kuti apeze yankho lomaliza. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena kukayikira za zotsatira zake, musaope kufunsa dokotalayo, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi zotani.

Kodi pali zovuta kapena zoopsa zilizonse ndi mayesowa?

Mayeso a ntchito ya mapapo awa, makamaka spirometry, nthawi zambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi otetezeka kwambiri. Samabweretsa zoopsa zazikulu komanso zazikulu.

Komabe, anthu ena angavutike pang'ono panthawi yoyezetsa kapena pambuyo pake:

• Kumva kutopa pang'ono, chizungulire: Mukapuma mofulumira kwambiri, mungamve kutopa pang'ono, ndipo ena angamve chizungulire pang'ono kapena kusokonezeka mutu. Izi zitha zokha pakapita nthawi.
• Kutsokomola kungachitike: Anthu ena akhoza kutsokomola pang'ono akamapuma mozama komanso akupuma mofulumira.
• Kuthina pang'ono pachifuwa: Nthawi zina, anthu ena amamva kuthina pang'ono pachifuwa.
• Monga mutu: Nthawi zambiri, anthu ena amatha kumva mutu pang'ono atatha kuyezetsa.

Komabe, ngati mwangochitapo opaleshoni ya mtima posachedwapa, opaleshoni yaikulu pachifuwa, opaleshoni yaikulu ya maso (monga opaleshoni ya cataract), kuthamanga kwa magazi kosalamulirika, kapena pneumothorax yaposachedwa, dokotala wanu adzasankha ngati mayesowa ndi oyenera kapena ayi. Chifukwa chake, onetsetsani kuti mwafotokozera dokotala wanu zonse zokhudza thanzi lanu komanso mankhwala aliwonse omwe mukumwa.

Pomaliza, zinthu zingapo zoti muzikumbukira

Chabwino, takambirana zambiri zokhudza mayeso a ntchito ya mapapo, makamaka spirometry. Ndikuganiza kuti mukumvetsa bwino izi tsopano. Pomaliza, nazi zinthu zofunika kukumbukira:

• Mayeso a ntchito ya mapapo angakuuzeni thanzi la mapapo anu komanso momwe akugwirira ntchito.Njira yofunika kwambiri, yosavuta, yopanda ululu komanso yotetezeka.
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga chifuwa chosatha, kupuma movutikira, kupuma movutikira, kapena kulimba pachifuwa, musaganize kuti zidzatha, koma onani dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri. Ngati akuona kuti ndikofunikira, adzakulamulani kuti muyesedwe mwanjira imeneyi.
• Kuyeza kwa Spirometry ndi komwe kumachitika kawirikawiri komanso kopatsa chidziwitso. Musanachite izi, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala (okhudza kusiya kumwa mankhwala, kudya, ndi zina zotero) molondola.
• Musamaope chilichonse mukamachita mayeso. Pali akatswiri aluso omwe angakuthandizeni ndikufotokozerani chilichonse. Tidzakuthandizani momwe tingathere.
• Mukalandira zotsatira za mayeso anu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izo bwino, funsani mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mwawamvetsa bwino.

Mapapu anu ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali chomwe chimakupatsa moyo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwasamalira, kuyesetsa kuwasunga athanzi, ndikuyesedwa kofunikira pakafunika kutero. Ndikukufunirani thanzi labwino nthawi zonse!

Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo , Spirometry, Mphumu, COPD, Kupuma, Thanzi la M'mapapo