Kodi kachilomboka ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tipeze yankho lenileni!

Lero tikambirana za chinthu chomwe sitingachione ndi maso athu, koma chingatidwalitse. Mwina munamvapo za icho chotchedwa 'kachirombo'. Ndiye kodi mavairasi awa ndi chiyani? Kodi amalowa bwanji m'thupi lathu n'kutidwalitse? Tiyeni tikambirane zonsezi mosavuta, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi kachilombo kwenikweni n'chiyani?

Mwachidule, kachilombo ka HIV ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri, kosaoneka. Tikanena kuti kakang'ono, kangakhale kakang'ono kwambiri kuposa mabakiteriya pafupifupi nthawi chikwi. Tangoganizani, kachilombo ka HIV nakonso kali kakang'ono kwambiri, ndiye kachilombo kamene kali kakang'ono bwanji!

Mavairasi awa sangakhale ndi moyo kapena kubereka okha. Monga mbala, amafunika kulowa m'thupi la munthu wina, kutanthauza maselo a nyama, zomera, kapena anthu ngati ife. Akangolowa m'thupi, amayamba ntchito yawo, kupanga mavairasi ambiri ofanana nawo ndikupangitsa kuti tizidwala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mavairasi amatchedwa 'obligate intracellular parasites', zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amafunikira selo lina lamoyo kuti akhale ndi moyo. Ndi anzeru kwambiri polamulira maselo athu ndikupanga zinthu zawo.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa kachilombo ndi bakiteriya ndi kotani?

Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, 'Ndiye kuti mabakiteriya nawonso ndi majeremusi, ndipo mavairasi nawonso ndi majeremusi, kodi kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa n'kotani?' Inde, funso lofunika kwambiri limenelo. Chifukwa ngati musokoneza awiriwa, njira yochiritsira ikhoza kukhala yolakwika.

Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kwakuti mabakiteriya ndi zamoyo zomwe zimakhalapo zokha, zimatha kugawikana ndikuchulukana zokha. Zitha kukhala kunja kwa matupi athu (m'malo oyenera) ngati zikufuna. Koma mavairasi sangathe, ayenera kukhala mkati mwa selo yamoyo. Kaya kachilombo ndi chamoyo kapena ayi ndi nkhani yotsutsana pakati pa asayansi, chifukwa ali ngati tinthu topanda moyo kunja kwa selo.

Chinthu china chofunika ndichakuti tigwiritse ntchito 'maantibayotiki' pochiza matenda a bakiteriya. Koma maantibayotiki awa sakhudza mavairasi. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti akadwala malungo kapena chimfine, amangopita ku pharmacy kukagula '(maantibayotiki)'. Chimenecho ndi cholakwika chachikulu. Chifukwa, ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, '(maantibayotiki)' amenewo sangachite chilichonse, kumbali ina, mankhwalawo amangolowa m'thupi, ndipo mwina kukana maantibayotiki kungayambe. Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kumwa mankhwala omwe dokotala amapereka titawunika mosamala ndikuwona ngati ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya kapena kachilombo ka kachilombo.

Kodi mavairasi amalowa bwanji m'thupi mwathu? Kodi amafalikira bwanji?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe kachilombo kakang'ono aka kamalowera m'thupi mwathu komanso momwe kamafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi, chifukwa tikatero tingadziteteze tokha.

• Popuma: Munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo akamatsokomola, kutsokomola, kapena kulankhula mokweza, madontho ang'onoang'ono kwambiri a malovu amatuluka mkamwa ndi m'mphuno mwawo. Madonthowa amatha kukhala ndi kachilomboka. Ngati munthu amene ali pafupi akupuma mpweya umenewu, kachilomboka kakhoza kulowa m'thupi lawo. Tangoganizirani, ngati munthu amene akudwala atsekula akakwera basi kapena sitima, pali mwayi waukulu woti munthu amene ali pafupi naye adwale.
• Kukhudza mwachindunji ndi malo: Ngati munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka akhudza mphuno yake kapena pakamwa pake kenako n’kukhudza chogwirira chitseko, tebulo, kapena dzanja la munthu wina ndi dzanja lomwelo, kachilomboka kakhoza kufika pamalo amenewo n’kukhudza dzanja la munthu winayo. Kenako, ngati munthu winayo akhudza nkhope yake, mphuno yake, kapena pakamwa pake ndi dzanja limenelo, kachilomboka kakhoza kulowa m’thupi mwake. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zonse timati tisambe m’manja mwathu ndipo tisakhudze nkhope zathu. Mavairasi ena amatha kukhalabe pamalopo kwa maola ambiri, nthawi zina ngakhale masiku angapo.
• Kudzera mu chakudya ndi madzi: Mavairasi ena amatha kufalikira kudzera mu chakudya ndi madzi oipitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, Hepatitis A ndi Norovirus. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusamba m'manja musanadye ndi kukonza chakudya, kumwa madzi oyera, ndikuphika chakudya bwino.
• Kudzera m'magazi ndi madzi amthupi: Mavairasi ena oopsa, monga HIV, Hepatitis B, ndi Hepatitis C, amatha kufalikira kudzera m'magazi kapena madzi ena amthupi a munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka. Safalikira kudzera mu kugonana kosadziteteza, kugawana singano zobayira mankhwala, komanso kuchokera kwa mayi amene ali ndi kachilomboka kupita kwa mwana wake.

Mukuona, pali njira zambiri zomwe mavairasi amafalitsira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ukhondo wa munthu payekha komanso ukhondo wa chilengedwe ndizofunikira.

Kodi matenda ofala omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi ndi ati?

Pali matenda ambiri omwe tingapeze chifukwa cha mavairasi. Ena mwa iwo ndi ofala kwambiri ndipo amatha kuchira pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu. Ena ndi oopsa pang'ono ndipo amafunika chithandizo. Tiyeni tiwone ena mwa matenda omwe amawonedwa komanso kumveka kwambiri okhudza mavairasi.

• Chimfine Chofala: Tonsefe tinadwalapo izi. Ndi mphuno yotuluka madzi, pakhosi lopweteka, komanso mwina kupweteka pang'ono kwa thupi. Zingayambitsidwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavairasi (monga Rhinovirus, Coronavirus).
• Fuluwenza/Fuluwenza: Izi zimakhala zoopsa pang'ono kuposa chimfine wamba. Zizindikiro zake ndi monga kutentha thupi kwambiri, kupweteka kwa thupi, kutopa, ndi chifuwa. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka chimfine. Nthawi zina zimatha kuyambitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri monga chibayo.
• Nkhuku: Matenda omwe anthu ambiri amadwala ali ana, omwe amachititsa matuza m'thupi lonse. Amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kotchedwa `(Varicella-zoster virus)`.
• Chikuku:Uwu ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo, komwe kamayambitsa malungo ndi kupweteka kwa thupi. Tsopano popeza pali katemera wa izi, kuchuluka kwa matendawa ndi kochepa kwambiri, koma kungakhale koopsa.
• Nkhuku: Matenda ena omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwa masaya. Palinso katemera wa izi.
• Malungo a Dengue: M'dziko lathu, dengue ndi matenda ofala kwambiri komanso nthawi zina oopsa. Amafalikira ndi udzudzu.
• Covid-19: Iyi ndi kachilombo komwe tonse timadziwa bwino ndipo posachedwapa kayambitsa mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi. Kamayambitsa kachilombo kotchedwa `(SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus)`.

Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe. Pali matenda ena ambiri oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi! Pali mitundu yambiri ya mavairasi monga `(Rotavirus)` omwe amayambitsa kutsegula m'mimba, `(Hepatitis)` yomwe imakhudza chiwindi, `(polio virus)` yomwe imakhudza mitsempha yamagazi (yomwe tsopano yathetsedwa ku Sri Lanka chifukwa cha katemera). Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala, mosasamala kanthu za matendawo.

Kodi thupi lathu limalimbana bwanji ndi mavairasi?

Kachilombo kakalowa m'thupi, thupi lathu silimangoima pamenepo. Tili ndi chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri m'thupi lathu, chomwe timachitcha 'chitetezo chamthupi'. Zili ngati gulu lankhondo loteteza dziko.

Kachilombo kakafika, "chitetezo cha mthupi" ichi chimayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo.

• Choyamba, mavairasi olowa m'thupi amenewa amadziwika ndi maselo apadera ofanana ndi asilikali otchedwa 'maselo oyera a magazi'.
• Kenako, amapanga mtundu wapadera wa puloteni wotchedwa 'antibodies'. 'Ma antibodies' amenewa amapangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi kachilomboka ndendende, zomwe zimathandiza kuletsa ndikuwononga kachilomboka. Taganizirani ngati kiyi yomangirira loko.
• Komanso, kutenga malungo ndi njira yochokera ku chitetezo chathu cha mthupi. Malungo akawonjezeka, zimakhala zovuta kuti mavairasi ena apulumuke ndikufalikira.
• Nthawi zina kupweteka ndi kutopa kwa thupi komwe timamva kumachitika chifukwa cha thupi lathu kulimbana ndi kachilomboka.

Ma antibodies omwe thupi lathu limapanga motsutsana ndi mavairasi ena akhoza kukhala m'matupi athu kwa moyo wonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati kachilomboka kabweranso, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chikhoza kuzindikira mwachangu ndikuchigonjetsa. Ndicho chifukwa chake matenda monga ndulu sabweranso kachiwiri. Katemera amachitanso chimodzimodzi. Chomwe katemera amachita ndi kutipatsa kachilombo kofooka kapena kophedwa, kapena gawo la kachilombo, ndikuphunzitsa chitetezo chathu chamthupi kupanga ma antibodies motsutsana nako. Kenako, kachilomboka kakabwera, thupi lathu limakhala lokonzeka.

Kodi tingatani kuti tidziteteze ku mavairasi?

Kodi si bwino kudziteteza musanadwale kuposa kumwa mankhwala mukadwala? Pali zinthu zosavuta koma zofunika kwambiri zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe mavairasi.

• Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri: Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.Khalani ndi chizolowezi chosamba m'manja ndi sopo ndi madzi kwa masekondi osachepera 20. Zikhato zanu, kumbuyo kwa manja anu, pakati pa zala zanu, pansi pa misomali yanu, zonsezi. Musanadye, musanakonze chakudya, mutapita kuchimbudzi, mutakhudza nyama, mutathimula kapena kutsokomola, komanso mukabwerera kunyumba kuchokera panja. Ngati sopo ndi madzi sizikupezeka, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera m'manja okhala ndi mowa.
• Phimbani pakamwa ndi mphuno yanu: Mukatsokomola kapena kutsemula, phimbani pakamwa ndi mphuno yanu ndi nsalu kapena pepala. Ngati mulibe, yetsemulani kapena kutsokomola mkati mwa chigongono chanu. Izi zichepetsa mwayi wofalitsa majeremusi kwa ena. Tayani mosamala minofu yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zinyalala.
• Chepetsani kukhudza maso, mphuno, ndi pakamwa: Kodi timakhudza nkhope zathu kangati patsiku mosadziwa? Izi ndi njira zosavuta zoti mavairasi omwe ali m'manja mwathu alowe m'thupi mwathu.
• Katemera: Njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku matenda ambiri oopsa a mavairasi ndikutenga katemera. Pali katemera wa matenda monga chikuku, nthenda ya m'mimba, katsabola, fuluwenza, chiwindi cha mtundu wa B, polio, ndi COVID-19. Katemera ana anu pa nthawi yake malinga ndi pulogalamu ya boma yopereka katemera. Katemera wina amalimbikitsidwanso kwa akuluakulu (monga katemera wa fuluwenza chaka chilichonse).
• Makhalidwe abwino pa thanzi:
• Chakudya chopatsa thanzi: Kudya ndiwo zamasamba zambiri, zipatso, ndi kumwa madzi oyera kumalimbitsa "chitetezo chathu cha mthupi".
• Gonani mokwanira: Gonani bwino kwa maola 7-8 patsiku. Kusagona mokwanira kumafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu.
• Kuchita Maseŵera Olimbitsa Thupi: Kuchita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono tsiku lililonse ndi kwabwino pa thupi.
• Pewani anthu odwala: Ngati wina ali ndi chimfine kapena malungo, musakhale pafupi naye kwambiri. Ngati mukudwala, khalani panyumba momwe mungathere. Chepetsani chiopsezo chanu chofalitsa matendawa kwa ena.
• Sungani malo oyera: Kuti mupewe matenda monga dengue, ndikofunikira kusunga malo omwe udzudzu ungaberekere (malo omwe madzi amauma) aukhondo.

Kumbukirani, zizolowezi zosavutazi sizingadziteteze nokha, komanso banja lanu ndi ena m'gulu lanu ku mavairasi.

Kodi muyenera kufunsa upangiri wa dokotala liti?

Chinthu chonga chimfine nthawi zambiri chimatha kuchiritsidwa kunyumba m'masiku ochepa, koma nthawi zina mumafunika kupita kwa dokotala.

• Ngati mukuvutika kupuma: Ngati mukumva ngati chifuwa chanu chikulimba ndipo n'kovuta kupuma.
• Ngati kutentha kwakukulu (monga kutentha kopitirira 103°F / 39.4°C) sikutsika kwa masiku angapo, kapena ngati kutenthako kutsika, kenako n’kubwerera.
• Ngati kusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimba sikusiya: Kusowa madzi m'thupi kungachitike. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga pakamwa pouma, maso olowa m'madzi, kapena kuchepa kwa mkodzo, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
• Ngati muli ndi malungo aakulu komanso ziphuphu.
• Ngati mukumva kutopa kwambiri, kugona tulo, kapena kusagalamuka kwambiri kuposa masiku onse.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda ena osatha monga matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima, matenda a m'mapapo, kapena matenda a impso, muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukatenga kachilombo ka HIV. Ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala ngakhale mutakhala ndi zizindikiro zazing'ono.
• Ngati ndinu mayi woyembekezera ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana ndi kachilombo, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala.
• Ana aang'ono: Ngati mwana wosakwana miyezi itatu ali ndi malungo (oposa 100.4°F / 38°C), kapena ngati mwana wamng'ono wa msinkhu uliwonse akudwala kwambiri ndipo sakudya kapena kusewera, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Ndi bwino kufunsa uphungu kwa dokotala m'malo mongomwa mankhwala ku pharmacy. Iwo ndi omwe amadziwa bwino zomwe angachite pa vuto lanu.

Maganizo ena olakwika omwe tili nawo okhudza ma virus

Tikamalankhula za mavairasi, nthawi zina timapeza mfundo zabodza komanso malingaliro olakwika pakati pathu. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa izo.

• Lingaliro lolakwika: 'Chimfine chimayamba chifukwa chozizira kapena kunyowa ndi mvula.'
• Zoona: Chimfine chimayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo. Nyengo yozizira siimayambitsa mavairasi atsopano. Komabe, nthawi yozizira, anthu amakhala m'nyumba ndipo amakhala pafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mavairasi afalikire mosavuta. Komanso, chitetezo cha mthupi cha anthu ena chikhoza kufooka chifukwa cha kuzizira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti atenge kachilomboka mosavuta. Komabe, n'kulakwa kunena kuti nyengo yozizira imayambitsa mavairasi mwachindunji.
• Lingaliro lolakwika: 'Ndi bwino kumwa mankhwala opha majeremusi pa malungo kapena chimfine chilichonse.'
• Zoona: Monga tafotokozera kale, `(Maantibayotiki)` amagwira ntchito pa mabakiteriya okha. `(Maantibayotiki)` sathandiza pa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi. Kugwiritsa ntchito `(Maantibayotiki)` mosafunikira kumangopangitsa kuti maantibayotiki asagwire ntchito, pomwe `(Maantibayotiki)` sagwira ntchito pamene mukufunikiradi.
• Lingaliro lolakwika: 'Katemera amayambitsa matenda / Katemera ndi woopsa.'
• Zoona: Katemera ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri pa zamankhwala. Katemera amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zofufuzira komanso zodzitetezera kwambiri. Katemera angayambitse zotsatirapo zazing'ono monga kutentha thupi pang'ono ndi kupweteka kwa thupi, koma izi zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chikugwira ntchito. Poyerekeza ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu za matenda omwe katemera angapewe, chitetezo ndi ubwino wa katemera ndi waukulu kwambiri. Musanyengedwe ndi malingaliro olakwika okhudza katemera.
• Lingaliro lolakwika: 'Ngati kachilombo kalowa m'thupi, kadzakudwalitsani.'
• Zoona:Izi sizimachitika nthawi zonse. Ngati `(chitetezo cha mthupi)` chathu chili champhamvu, nthawi zina ngakhale kachilombo kalowa m'thupi, kamatha kuthetsedwa popanda zizindikiro zilizonse. Komanso, zimatha kusiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwa kachilombo komwe kamalowa (viral load).

Kudziwa zinthu ngati izi kumatithandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi mavairasi.

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Chabwino, lero takambirana zambiri za ma virus, sichoncho? Ndikukhulupirira kuti mwamvetsa kena kake kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana. Pomaliza, kumbukirani mfundo izi bwino:

• Mavairasi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwambiri, tosaoneka ndi maso tomwe timafunikira selo lina lamoyo (selo lokhalamo) kuti tipulumuke ndikuyambitsa matenda.
• Mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana. Maantibayotiki sangathe kuchiza matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi.
• Mavairasi amafalikira makamaka kudzera m'madontho ochokera ku kuyetsemula ndi kukhosomola, kudzera m'manja odetsedwa, komanso pokhudza malo odetsedwa.
• Mavairasi ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda ambiri, monga chimfine, fuluwenza, katsabola, ndi dengue.
• Chitetezo chathu cha mthupi ndicho chimalimbana ndi mavairasi.
• Njira zabwino kwambiri zodzitetezera ku mavairasi ndi izi:
• Sambani m'manja mwanu ndi sopo nthawi zonse.
• Phimbani pakamwa panu ndi mphuno yanu mukamatsokomola ndi kutsekula m'mimba.
• Kupeza katemera wofunikira pa nthawi yake.
• Kusunga zizolowezi zabwino pa thanzi (kudya bwino, kugona mokwanira, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi).
• Ngati zizindikiro zikuipiraipira, kapena ngati muli m'gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo, funsani upangiri wachipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati tonse titagwirizana ndikutsatira njira zosavuta izi zodzitetezera, tingapewe matenda ambiri opatsirana ndikukhala athanzi. Musadandaule, kudziwa bwino za matendawa ndiye chitetezo chabwino kwambiri!

Kachilombo , Matenda, Matenda, Chitetezo, Chitetezo, Thanzi