Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza Leptospirosis - Momwe mungadzitetezere ku matendawa!

Lero tikambirana za matenda oopsa omwe nthawi zambiri amakambidwa nthawi yamvula m'dziko lathu. Kodi mudamvapo za 'matenda a njuchi' ? Ndicho chimene chili. Koma pankhani ya zamankhwala, amatchedwa Leptospirosis. Choncho lero, tiyeni tikambirane za matenda amenewa, momwe amachitidwira, zizindikiro zake, komanso momwe mungadzitetezere ku matendawa.

Kodi Leptospirosis ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Leptospirosis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mtundu wa bakiteriya wotchedwa Leptospira. Bakiteriya iyi imatha kulowa m'thupi mwanu kudzera mu kachikwapu kakang'ono kapena khungu pakhungu lanu, kapena kudzera m'malo otseguka monga maso anu, mphuno, kapena pakamwa. Taganizirani ngati wakuba akulowa m'nyumba mwanu.

Uwu ndi matenda a zoonotic . Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kutenga matendawa ngati mutakhudzana mwachindunji ndi mkodzo (timawatcha mkodzo ) kapena madzi ochokera m'thupi la nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka, kapena ngati mutamwa madzi, dothi, kapena chakudya chodetsedwa ndi mabakiteriya awa.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga izi?

Ndipotu, aliyense padziko lonse lapansi akhoza kudwala leptospirosis. Komabe, matendawa amapezeka kwambiri m'maiko otentha komanso otentha, makamaka m'madera omwe mvula imagwa bwino chaka chonse . Dziko lathu, Sri Lanka, ndi limodzi mwa matendawa. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukukhala m'dera lotere, kapena ngati mukuyenda, chiopsezo chimakhala chachikulu.

Taganizirani izi motere:

• Alimi akugwira ntchito m'minda , anthu akugwira ntchito m'madambo.
• Anthu oyeretsa zimbudzi , ogwira ntchito m'matauni.
• Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi ziweto m'mafamu (monga ng'ombe, mbuzi, nkhumba, ndi agalu).
• Kwa iwo amene amalowa m'madzi odetsedwa pakagwa masoka achilengedwe monga kusefukira kwa madzi , komanso kwa ogwira ntchito yothandiza.
• Nthawi zina, chiopsezochi chingakhalepo ngakhale mukusambira mumtsinje, ngalande, mtsinje, kapena nyanja kuti musangalale , makamaka m'malo omwe madzi amaonedwa kuti ndi odetsedwa, kapena mukuchita masewera a m'madzi (monga kukwera rafting m'madzi oyera). Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri nthawi yamvula komanso madzi atasefukira.

Ngakhale ku America, matendawa afalikira pambuyo pa kusefukira kwa madzi m'maboma monga Hawaii ndi Florida. Choncho ichi si chinthu chongofunika kuchitenga mopepuka.

Kodi matendawa ndi ofala bwanji? Kodi ali bwanji pakati pa anthu?

Padziko lonse lapansi, akuti anthu opitilira miliyoni amadwala leptospirosis chaka chilichonse . Mwa awa , pafupifupi 60,000 amafa . Izi zikutanthauza kuti iyi ndi matenda omwe angaphe. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti tidziwe izi.

Kodi magawo a leptospirosis ndi ati?

Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu a leptospirosis.

1. Gawo la Leptospiremic kapena gawo la acute:Iyi ndi gawo loyamba. Gawoli likhoza kuyamba patatha masiku awiri mpaka khumi ndi anayi mabakiteriya a `Leptospira` atalowa m'thupi. Nthawi zambiri limatenga masiku atatu mpaka khumi. Panthawiyi, mabakiteriya amayendayenda m'magazi mwanu ndikupita ku ziwalo zanu zamkati . Kuyezetsa magazi panthawiyi kungasonyeze zizindikiro za matenda. Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa monga malungo panthawiyi, pomwe ena sangakhale ndi zizindikiro konse.

2. Gawo la chitetezo chamthupi (gawo lomaliza): Pa gawoli, mabakiteriya amakhala atafalikira kale kuchokera m'magazi kupita ku ziwalo zanu. Mabakiteriyawa amasonkhana mu impso, makamaka mu impso . (Impso zili ngati fyuluta m'thupi lathu yomwe imayeretsa magazi). Chifukwa chake, ngati muyesa mkodzo panthawiyi, mutha kupeza zizindikiro za mabakiteriya. Muthanso kuwona ma antibodies motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya a `Leptospira` m'magazi mwanu.

Ndi panthawi imeneyi pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimayankha, anthu ena amadwala matenda oopsa otchedwa Weil's syndrome . Izi zingayambitse mavuto aakulu monga kutuluka magazi mkati, kuwonongeka kwa impso, komanso chikasu cha maso ndi khungu (jaundice).

Kodi zizindikiro za leptospirosis ndi ziti?

Anthu ena amamva zizindikiro zochepa monga malungo, pomwe ena alibe zizindikiro konse. Pa milandu yoopsa, zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kutuluka magazi mkati ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimawonekera mwadzidzidzi mu leptospirosis yoopsa:

• Kukhala ndi malungo aakulu
• Kufiira kwa maso (jakisoni wa conjunctival)
• Mutu
• Kuzizira ( kumva kuzizira )
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Kutsegula m'mimba
• Kuoneka kwachikasu pakhungu ndi maso (Jaundice) - Ichi ndi chizindikiro chomwe muyenera kusamala nacho.
• Kutupa pakhungu, kutupa

Zizindikiro za matenda oopsa a leptospirosis otchedwa "Weil's syndrome" (zingawonekere patatha masiku 3-10 zizindikiro zoyamba zitayamba):

• Kutsokomola magazi (hemoptysis)
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Khungu ndi maso zimaoneka zachikasu kwambiri
• Chakuda , chopondapo cha tarry - Ichi chingakhale chizindikiro cha kutuluka magazi mkati.
• Magazi mu mkodzo (hematuria)
• Kuchepa kwa kukodza
• Madontho ofiira athyathyathya pakhungu, ofanana ndi ziphuphu (petechiae)

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa izi, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo .

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kufalikira kwa leptospirosis

Monga tanenera kale, leptospirosis imayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya wotchedwa `Leptospira`. Bakiteriya iyi imalowa m'thupi mwanu kudzera pakamwa panu, mphuno, maso, kapena khungu lanu. Kenako imayenda kudzera m'magazi anu kupita ku ziwalo zanu, makamaka impso zanu. Impso ndi komwe magazi athu "amayeretsedwa".

Impso zimatulutsa zinyalala ndi poizoni kudzera mu mkodzo. Choncho, mabakiteriya amenewa omwe ali mu impso amatulukanso m'thupi kudzera mu mkodzo. Umu ndi momwe leptospirosis imafalikira kwa munthu wina kapena nyama.

Kawirikawiri, anthu amadwala matendawa kudzera mu mkodzo wa nyama zomwe zili ndi mabakiteriya a `Leptospira`. Makoswe ndi omwe amanyamula matendawa, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa `matenda a makoswe'. Koma osati makoswe okha, komanso nyama iliyonse yoyamwitsa monga agalu, ng'ombe, akavalo, nkhumba imatha kutenga matendawa, ndipo ifenso tingathe kuwatenga. Zinyama zina sizingasonyeze zizindikiro zikatenga matendawa.

Choncho, ngati mutakhudza madzi (madzi akumunda, madzi a zimbudzi, madzi osefukira) kapena nthaka yodetsedwa ndi mkodzo wa ziwetozi, mutha kudwala. Mwachidule:

• Kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi mkodzo kapena madzi ena amthupi a nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka.
• Mwa kulowetsa madzi kapena dothi loipitsidwa m'maso mwanu, m'mphuno, kapena pakamwa, kapena mwa kukhudza khungu losweka .

Pambuyo pa mvula yamphamvu kapena kusefukira kwa madzi, anthu ambiri amatha kudwala matendawa nthawi imodzi. Pamene madzi osefukira akuyenda, mabakiteriyawa amasonkhana m'mitsinje, mitsinje, ndi nyanja.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti leptospirosis siifalikira kawirikawiri kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti siifalikira polankhula kapena kugwirana chanza ndi munthu wodwala.

Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji? (Kuzindikira)

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za leptospirosis, dokotala adzakuyang'anirani ndikufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, komwe mwakhala (makamaka ngati mwakumana ndi madzi oipitsidwa), ndi zomwe mumachita. Kenako, mayeso otsatirawa angachitike:

• Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo: Magazi ochepa amatengedwa kuchokera m'dzanja lanu, kapena kuyezetsa mkodzo kumatengedwa, ndipo kuyezetsako kumachitika kuti muwone ngati pali zizindikiro za mabakiteriya a Leptospira.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa, dokotala wanu angakupangireni X-ray pachifuwa kapena CT scan . Izi zingathandize kuwona ngati ziwalo zanu zamkati zawonongeka.

Kodi leptospirosis imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Madokotala amachiritsa leptospirosis ndi maantibayotiki . Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zosavuta komanso zofatsa, angakuuzeni kuti muwone ngati mukuchira popanda chithandizo, koma muyenera kuyang'anira zizindikiro zanu.

Ngati muli ndi leptospirosis yoopsa (monga Weil's syndrome), muyeneradi kupita kuchipatala.Kenako maantibayotiki amaperekedwa mwachindunji m'magazi kudzera mu saline solution (IV). Kutengera ndi ziwalo zanu zomwe zakhudzidwa, mankhwala ena kapena chithandizo chingafunike.

Mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza:

• Mankhwala Opha Mabakiteriya: Mankhwala opha mabakiteriya monga doxycycline, amoxicillin , ampicillin, penicillin-G, ndi ceftriaxone amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Dokotala adzasankha mankhwala oti akupatseni kutengera momwe matenda anu alili oipa komanso mbiri yanu ya thanzi.
• Kupuma mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito makina: Ngati matendawa afalikira m'mapapo mwanu ndipo mukuvutika kupuma, mungafunike kupatsidwa makina opumira. Panthawiyi, mudzagonekedwa.
• Plasmapheresis: Chithandizochi chimatchedwanso kusinthana kwa plasma, ndipo chingathandize anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo chifukwa cha leptospirosis. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga magazi anu kudzera mu chubu cholumikizidwa ndi mtsempha, kugwiritsa ntchito makina olekanitsa plasma ndi magazi anu, kuwasintha ndi chinthu cholowa m'malo mwa plasma, kenako nkuwabwezeretsa magaziwo m'thupi lanu.

Kodi mungatani kuti muthane ndi zizindikiro?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zochepa, dokotala wanu adzakuuzani zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse zizindikirozo. Pa malungo ndi kupweteka kwa thupi, mutha kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pakamwa monga ibuprofen (monga Advil®, Motrin®) kapena acetaminophen (monga Tylenol®, Panadol®). Koma musamwe mankhwala aliwonse nthawi zonse popanda upangiri wa dokotala .

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku leptospirosis? (Kupewa)

Pakadali pano palibe katemera wa matendawa ku United States, ndipo izi ndi zomwe zikuchitikanso m'dziko lathu. Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino yodzitetezera ku leptospirosis ndi kupewa kusambira kapena kuyenda m'madzi omwe angadetsedwe ndi mkodzo wa nyama . Makamaka pewani madzi osefukira.

Nazi njira zina zomwe mungachepetsere chiopsezo chanu:

• Kutenga Mankhwala Oteteza Matenda: Ngati mukupita kudera lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu kapena mukugwira ntchito yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu (monga ntchito yothandizira kusefukira kwa madzi), funsani dokotala wanu ngati mungathe kumwa mankhwala (monga doxycycline) kuti mupewe matendawa.
• Pewani ziweto zomwe zingakhale ndi leptospirosis. Musakhale m'malo omwe makoswe amapezeka kawirikawiri.
• Ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi ziweto kapena muli pamalo omwe zilipo, valani zovala zodzitetezera ndi nsapato (monga nsapato mukapita kumunda).
• Ngati muyenera kuyika manja anu m'madzi kapena m'dothi lomwe lingakhale ndi kachilomboka, valani nsapato ndi zovala zodzitetezera.
• Siyani kusamba ndi kuchita masewera a m'madzi m'nyanja, mitsinje, ndi mitsinje mukasefukira madzi.
• Imwani madzi oyera okha. Musamwe madzi ochokera m'nyanja, mitsinje, kapena m'mitsinje. Wiritsani bwino ndikumwa.
• Ngati mukuyenera kugwira nyama zakufa, valani magolovesi. Musazigwire ndi manja opanda kanthu, ndipo mukazisamba m'manja bwino ndi sopo mukamaliza.
• Phimbani mabala ndi mikwingwirima pakhungu lanu ndi bandeji yosalowa madzi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mutadwala leptospirosis? (Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri)

Matenda ambiri a leptospirosis ndi ofatsa, ndipo nthawi zina amatha popanda chithandizo . Komabe, dokotala adzayang'anira zizindikiro zanu.

Ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira, kapena ngati mukuyamba zizindikiro zatsopano, uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Weil, pitani kuchipatala chapafupi.

Kodi leptospirosis imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Leptospirosis yocheperako imatha kukhala masiku angapo mpaka milungu ingapo. Ngati muli ndi leptospirosis yoopsa, muyenera kukhala kuchipatala kwa milungu iwiri. Milandu yoopsa ingatenge miyezi ingapo kuti muchire bwino.

Kodi ndingabwerere liti kuntchito/kusukulu?

Leptospirosis nthawi zambiri imafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina, kotero mukakhala bwino ndikumva bwino, mutha kubwerera kuntchito kapena kusukulu.

Kodi anthu amapulumuka leptospirosis?

Inde, ndithudi. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi leptospirosis alibe zizindikiro, kapena zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri, ndipo amatha okha.

Pafupifupi 1% yokha ya anthu omwe ali ndi leptospirosis ndi omwe amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu lotchedwa `Weil's syndrome` . Matenda a Weil amatha kupha ngati sakuchiritsidwa mwachangu kapena ngati chithandizo chachedwa. Komabe , ngati atazindikirika msanga ndikuchiritsidwa bwino, pali mwayi wabwino wochira kwathunthu.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi leptospirosis, yang'anirani zizindikiro zanu mosamala. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati zikuipiraipira kapena ngati mukuyamba zizindikiro zatsopano. Imwani madzi ambiri ndikupumula.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mwakumanapo ndi madzi kapena dothi lomwe lingakhale loipitsidwa kenako n’kuyamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro za leptospirosis, pitani kwa dokotala.

Kodi muyenera kupita ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, pitani kuchipatala chapafupi nthawi yomweyo:

• Ngati mukutsokomola ndi kutuluka magazi
• Ngati muli ndi ululu pachifuwa
• Ngati mukuvutika kupuma
• Ngati maso ndi khungu zisintha kukhala zachikasu
• Ngati muli ndi chopondapo chakuda, chokhazikika
• Ngati pali magazi mu mkodzo
• Ngati kuchuluka kwa mkodzo komwe kwapangidwa kwachepa
• Ngati muli ndi mawanga ofiira pakhungu lanu (monga ziphuphu)

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, mukhoza kufunsa mafunso awa:

• Kodi ndinapeza bwanji matendawa?
• Ndiyenera kukaonananso ndi dokotala liti?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuziyang'anira, ndipo kodi ndiyenera kulankhula nanu ngati zitachitika?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe ndiyenera kupita kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Leptospirosis, kapena 'matenda a makoswe' monga momwe timawatchulira, ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa zizindikiro zochepa, koma nthawi zina amatha kukhala oopsa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati muli pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilomboka chifukwa cha ntchito yanu kapena zosangalatsa zanu.

Koma sizikutanthauza kuti muyenera kusiya kupalasa bwato lanu ndi kupalasa m'minda. Mukadziwa zoopsa zake, kutenga njira zodzitetezera, komanso kudziwa zizindikiro zake, mutha kukhala athanzi komanso otetezeka. Samalani kwambiri nthawi yamvula komanso nthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi. Kusunga malo anu oyera ndi njira yabwino yodzitetezera ku matenda amenewa.

Matenda a makoswe, Leptospirosis, Leptospirosis, Matenda a bakiteriya, Matenda a ziweto, Matenda a impso, Kupewa