Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo za momwe kupuma kulili kodabwitsa komanso kovuta? Popanda ife kuzindikira, izi zimachitika nthawi zoposa 20,000 patsiku. Pamene tikugona, tikugwira ntchito, komanso tikusewera, ngwazi yayikulu yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa ntchito yodabwitsa iyi yopatsa matupi athu mpweya wofunikira, womwe ndi mpweya , ndi kutulutsa mpweya wosafunikira, ndi mapapo athu. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mapapo, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wathu.
Kodi mapapu ndi chiyani? Ali kuti?
Mwachidule, mapapo ndiye gawo lalikulu la dongosolo lathu lopumira , netiweki ya ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kupuma kwathu. Tili ndi mapapo awiri. Ali pachifuwa chathu, chomwe chili pakati pa khosi ndi mimba, mbali zonse ziwiri. Timatchanso kuti chifuwa.
Mapapu athu si ofanana kwenikweni. Pali kusiyana pang'ono.
Mapapu Amanja
Papu lamanja limagawidwa m'magawo atatu, kapena zomwe timatcha 'lobes' . Ndi lalifupi pang'ono kuposa lamanzere, koma lalikulu. Mapapu athu onse awiri amaphimbidwa ndi nembanemba yoteteza yotchedwa 'pleural tissue' .
Mapapu Akumanzere
Papu lakumanzere lili ndi minyewa iwiri. Papu ili ndi laling'ono kuposa lakumanja. Chifukwa chake ndichakuti tipeze malo a mtima wathu. Mtima wathu uli pamalo pomwe pakati pa mapapu akumanzere payenera kukhala. Chifukwa chake m'mapapo akumanzere, pali malo ang'onoang'ono omwe amadulidwa kuti agwirizane ndi mtima, womwe timautcha 'mtima wopindika' .
Kodi n’chiyani kwenikweni chimachitika m’mapapo?
Ntchito yaikulu ya mapapo ndi kupereka mpweya ku maselo m'thupi lathu ndikuchotsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide, womwe ndi zinyalala zomwe maselowo amataya, m'thupi. Izi zimachitika nthawi 12 mpaka 20 pamphindi.
Tangoganizani mukupuma pang'ono.
1. Mukapuma kudzera m'mphuno kapena pakamwa panu, mpweya umadutsa kumbuyo kwa pakhosi panu ndikulowa mu trachea (windpipe) .
2. Kenako trachea iyi imagawikana m'magawo awiri. Timatcha awa 'machubu a bronchial' . Limodzi limalumikizana ndi mapapu akumanja, ndipo linalo limalumikizana ndi mapapu akumanzere.
3. Mkati mwa mapapo, machubu awa amagawikana kukhala nthambi zazing'ono zotchedwa 'bronchi' komanso machubu ang'onoang'ono otchedwa 'bronchioles' .
4. Pomaliza, njira zazing'onozi zimalumikizana ndi timatumba tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya tomwe timaoneka ngati gulu la mphesa. Izi zimatchedwa 'alveoli' . Izi ndi mahatchi ogwira ntchito kwambiri m'mapapu athu. Ndi kudzera mu timatumba ta mpweya timeneti momwe mpweya womwe timapuma umawonjezedwera m'magazi.
Pambuyo poyamwa mpweya, magazi amachoka m'mapapo n'kupita kumtima. Kuchokera pamenepo, mtima umapopa magazi odzaza ndi mpweya m'thupi lonse. Pamenepo ndi pamene selo lililonse ndi minofu m'thupi lathu zimapeza mpweya womwe umafunikira kuti ukhale ndi moyo.
Maselo a thupi akagwiritsa ntchito mpweya, amapanga mpweya wa carbon dioxide ngati zinyalala. Umabwerera m'magazi ndikupita ku mapapo. Tikatulutsa mpweya, mpweya wosafunikira wa carbon dioxide umatuluka m'thupi.
Kuti mapapo agwire ntchito bwino, njira zopumira izi ziyenera kukhala zotseguka tikamapuma ndi kutuluka. Sipayeneranso kukhala kutupa kapena kusungunuka kwa mamina ambiri.
Kodi mapapo amadziteteza bwanji?
Thupi lathu lopumira lili ndi njira zingapo zodabwitsa zodzitetezera kuti zinthu zoopsa monga fumbi ndi majeremusi omwe ali mumlengalenga zisalowe m'mapapu athu tikamapuma.
- Tsitsi laling'ono m'mphuno: Izi zimagwira ntchito ngati fyuluta yoyeretsa mpweya. Zimaletsa zinthu monga fumbi lalikulu kulowa m'mphuno.
- Mafinya omwe amapangidwa m'machubu a trachea ndi bronchial: Mafinya amenewa amasunga mpweya wonyowa. Amasunganso zinthu monga fumbi ndi mabakiteriya.
- Cilia: Izi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tofanana ndi tsitsi m'njira zathu zopumira. Zimakwera mmwamba nthawi zonse, kukankhira mamina ndi zinthu zina zovulaza pakhosi. Kenako timatha kuzikoka kapena kuzimeza. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe kusuta fodya kulili koopsa ndichakuti ma cilia amenewa amawonongeka ndi utsi.
Matenda ndi mikhalidwe yofala yomwe imakhudza mapapo
Mwatsoka, pali matenda ambiri omwe angakhudze mapapo athu. Ena ndi ang'onoang'ono, pomwe ena amatha kukhala osatha komanso oopsa. Nazi zina mwa matenda ofala kwambiri.
| Dzina la Chikhalidwe | Mwachidule... |
|---|---|
| Mphumu | Kuvuta kupuma chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa njira yopumira. |
| Matenda a m'mphuno | Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi chifuwa. Ichi chingakhale cha kanthawi kochepa kapena cha nthawi yayitali (chosatha). |
| Matenda osatha oletsa kupuma (COPD) | Matenda opumira omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi ndipo sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu. |
| Chibayo | Kachirombo kolowa m'mapapo kangayambitse madzi kudzaza mapapo, zomwe zingafunike ngakhale kugonekedwa kuchipatala. |
| Chifuwa chachikulu | Matenda omwe amakhudza kwambiri mapapo, komanso amatha kukhudza ziwalo zina za thupi. |
| Khansa ya m'mapapo | Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kusuta fodya. |
| Covid-19 (COVID-19) | Matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi omwe angayambitse matenda opuma pang'ono mpaka aakulu. |
Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a m'mapapo zingakhale zotani?
Ngati muli ndi vuto la m'mapapo, mutha kukumana ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi. Izi ndi zinthu zofunika kuzidziwa .
- Kupuma movutikira : Kupuma movutikira ngakhale mutachita ntchito zazing'ono.
- Kupweteka pachifuwa : Kupweteka komwe kumawonjezeka mukapuma mpweya wozama kapena kukokoloka.
- Chifuwa: Chifuwa chosatha, makamaka chomwe chimatenga milungu ingapo. Chifuwa chodzaza ndi magazi.
- Kutopa: Kumva kutopa kwambiri nthawi zonse.
- Kupuma movutikira: Phokoso lochokera pachifuwa.
- Kutupa kwa akakolo ndi mapazi: Izi zitha kuwonekanso m'matenda ena a m'mapapo.
Ngati mukupitirizabe kukhala ndi zizindikirozi, musazinyalanyaze. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndikupempha upangiri.
Kodi mungayang'anire bwanji thanzi la mapapo?
Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, akhoza kukuyesani ndikupeza malingaliro okhudza mapapu anu. Mwachitsanzo:
- Chifuwa chimamvetsedwa ndi stethoscope ndipo chimafufuzidwa ngati pali phokoso lililonse lachilendo (kugwedezeka, kupuma movutikira).
- Mumawerengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mumapuma pamphindi imodzi.
- Chipangizo chaching'ono chotchedwa Pulse Oximeter chimalumikizidwa ku chala ndipo chimayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi.
Kuwonjezera pa kuyezetsa thupi, mayeso osiyanasiyana angafunike kuti adziwe bwino vutoli.
Kuyesa kujambula mapapo
Izi zimathandiza dokotala kuona momwe mapapo anu alili.
- X-ray pachifuwa
- Kujambula kwa CT
- Kujambula kwa Ultrasound
- Kujambula kwa MRI
Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo
Mayeso awa amayesa momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito.
- Spirometry: Kuyesa komwe kumayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungapume mwachangu komanso mochuluka bwanji.
- Kuyesa kuyenda kwa mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi: Izi zimayesa momwe mpweya wabwino umayendera komanso momwe mtima wanu umasinthira mukamayenda kwa mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Njira zomwe zingafunike mankhwala oletsa ululu
Nthawi zina, kungakhale kofunikira kutumiza kamera m'mapapo kuti ione mkati kapena kutenga chidutswa cha minofu (biopsy) kuti chikayesedwe.
- Bronchoscopy: Njira yomwe chubu chosinthasintha chokhala ndi kamera kakang'ono chimadutsa m'njira zopumira kuti chifufuze mapapo.
- Kufufuza mapapo: Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kamatengedwa kuchokera m'mapapo ndikuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu.
Zinthu zomwe tingachite kuti mapapu athu akhale athanzi
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti mapapo athu akhale athanzi, komanso kuti tithane ndi matenda a mapapo ngati tili nawo.
- Pewani kusuta fodya konse: Ichi ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri komanso chofunikira kwambiri chomwe mungachite. Siyani kusuta fodya, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito vape.
- Sungani kulemera kwabwino: Pamene kulemera kwa thupi kukuwonjezeka, makamaka pamene mafuta akusonkhana m'mimba, mphamvu ya mapapu yokulirakulira imakhala yochepa.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse:Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumawonjezera mphamvu ya mapapo. Komabe, ngati ndinu watsopano kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, funsani dokotala wanu kaye.
- Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
- Imwani madzi ambiri: Izi zithandiza kuchepetsa mamina m'mapapo mwanu ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchotsa.
- Dzitetezeni ku matenda: Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri. Pewani anthu odwala. Pezani katemera amene dokotala wanu akulangizani.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mapapu anu ndi chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimapereka mpweya m'thupi ndikuchotsa mpweya woipa.
- Kusuta fodya ndiye vuto lalikulu lomwe mungawononge mapapo anu. Kuti mapapo anu akhale athanzi, muyenera kusiya kusuta konse.
- Musanyalanyaze zizindikiro monga chifuwa chosatha, kupuma movutikira, kapena kupweteka pachifuwa. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda a m'mapapo. Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Moyo wathanzi (kudya bwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi) kumathandiza kwambiri kuteteza thanzi la mapapo anu.
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