Tiyeni tiphunzire za Lynch Syndrome, yomwe imawonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha khansa.

Kodi mudamvapo za mawu akuti ``Lynch Syndrome''? Liwu limeneli likhoza kukhala latsopano kwa inu. Koma ndikofunikira kuti tonse tidziwe. Mwachidule, Lynch Syndrome ndi vuto lomwe limawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa chifukwa cha kusintha kwina kwa majini athu. Makamaka, limawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa musanakwanitse zaka 50. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane, sichoncho?

Kodi Lynch Syndrome ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Ndani amaipeza?

Matenda a Lynch ndi matenda a majini omwe amabadwa nawo . Izi zikutanthauza kuti amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini m'majini omwe timalandira kuchokera kwa amayi kapena abambo athu. Tangoganizani kuti maselo athu akamagawikana, nthawi zina zolakwika zazing'ono zimatha kuchitika. Matupi athu ali ndi majini apadera omwe amazindikira ndikukonza zolakwikazi. Izi zimatchedwa 'Mismatch Repair genes' (majini a MMR). Munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Lynch ali ndi vuto mu majini amodzi kapena angapo a 'MMR' awa. Kenako, zolakwika zina sizingakonzedwe maselowo akamagawikana. Maselo owonongekawa amasonkhana ndikukhala khansa .

Izi zitha kuchitika kwa aliyense. Chifukwa ndi za majini. Nthawi zina, ngakhale palibe aliyense m'banjamo amene wakhalapo ndi vutoli, munthu akhoza kukhala nalo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini mwachisawawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chifukwa chakuti palibe mbiri ya banja, sizikutanthauza kuti sizingachitike.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero ku United States, pafupifupi munthu m'modzi pa anthu 279 akhoza kukhala ndi matenda a Lynch. Akuti milandu pafupifupi 4,000 ya khansa ya m'matumbo ndi pafupifupi 1,800 ya khansa ya m'mimba imayamba chifukwa cha matenda a Lynch chaka chilichonse. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za vutoli ku Sri Lanka.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a Lynch ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwa vutoli komanso mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayambitsa. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za khansa ya m'matumbo ndi izi:

• Magazi mu chopondapo chanu.
• Kudzimbidwa .
• Kupweteka m'mimba kapena kupweteka m'mimba.
• Kutsegula m'mimba kapena chopondapo chaching'ono kuposa masiku onse.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri pafupipafupi (`Kutopa`).
• Kumva kukhuta kapena kutupa.
• Kusanza kapena kusanza.

Chofunika ndichakuti anthu ena sangasonyeze zizindikiro zilizonse mpaka khansa itakula kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, muyenera kuwona dokotala nthawi yomweyo .

Ndi mitundu iti ya khansa yomwe ingayambitsidwe ndi matenda a Lynch?

Izi zitha kukhudza ziwalo zambiri. Nazi mitundu ina ya khansa yomwe ingayambitsidwe ndi matenda a Lynch:

• Khansa ya muubongo
• Khansa ya m'matumbo ndi m'matumbo - Ichi ndiye chachikulu.
• Khansa ya ndulu
• Khansa ya chiwindi
• Khansa ya m'chiberekero
• Khansa ya kapamba
• Khansa ya prostate
• Khansa ya pakhungu
• Khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono
• Khansa ya m'mimba
• Khansa ya mkodzo wapamwamba
• Khansa ya m'chiberekero (endometrial) - Mtundu wina wa khansa womwe nthawi zambiri umakhudza akazi.

Kusintha kwa majini komwe jini (`jini`) limapezeka kumatsimikizira kuti ndi chiwalo chiti chomwe chili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa. Pali majini asanu akuluakulu okhudzana ndi matenda a Lynch. Awa ndi: `MLH1`, `MSH2`, `MSH6`, `PMS2` ndi `EPCAM`.

Khansa ya m'matumbo yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi matenda a Lynch imatha kufalikira msanga (mkati mwa zaka 1-2) kuposa anthu ambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga zaka 10 kuti khansa ya m'matumbo ichitike. Komanso, munthu amene wakhala ndi khansa ya m'matumbo ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chobwereranso ku khansa . Pali chiopsezo cha 15% mkati mwa zaka 10 kuchokera pamene opaleshoni yoyamba ya khansa ya m'matumbo ichitika, chiopsezo cha 40% mkati mwa zaka 20, komanso chiopsezo cha 60% pambuyo pa zaka 30.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a Lynch?

Monga tanenera kale, chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kusintha kwa majini mu jini imodzi kapena zingapo mwa zisanu zomwe zimakonza zolakwika mu DNA yathu ("jini yokonzanso zolakwika" kapena "jini la MMR"). Majini asanu amenewo ndi awa:

• `MLH1`
• `MSH2`
• `MSH6`
• `PMS2`
• `EPCAM`

Ngati muli ndi matenda a Lynch, majini anu a `MMR` salandira malangizo omwe amafunikira kuti achotse maselo owonongeka. Kenako maselo owonongekawo amasonkhana m'maselo ndi kuyambitsa khansa.

Kodi izi zimachokera bwanji ku mibadwomibadwo?

Matenda a Lynch ndi matenda a "autosomal dominant". Mwachidule, ngakhale kholo limodzi lokha litakhala ndi jini yosinthika, mwanayo akhoza kuilandira . Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali mwayi wa 50% kuti mwanayonso akhale ndi vutoli.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a Lynch syndrome, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa achibale anu ndikuwalimbikitsa kuti akapeze uphungu wa majini . Uphungu wa majini ungakuthandizeni inu ndi banja lanu kumvetsetsa vutoli komanso chiopsezo choti mwana wanu adzalandira matendawa. Kuyezetsa majini kungachitikenso kuti muwone ngati muli ndi matenda a Lynch syndrome.

Kodi matenda a Lynch amapezedwa bwanji?

Dokotala wanu akhoza kupeza matenda a Lynch syndrome kudzera mu mayeso oyezetsa ana asanabadwe komanso mayeso a majini. Kuyezetsa majini kungathenso kuchitika mwana wanu akangobadwa.

Kuyezetsa majini kumaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha magazi kapena buccal swab kuti muwone ngati pali kusintha kwa majini omwe atchulidwa kale `MLH1`, `MSH2`, `MSH6`, `PMS2` kapena `EPCAM`. Ngati mayeso a majini atsimikizira kukhalapo kwa kusintha koteroko, dokotalayo adzazindikira matenda a Lynch.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira khansa yogwirizana ndi matenda a Lynch?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a Lynch syndrome, dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amakulangizani kuti muyesedwe kangapo kuti muwone ngati muli ndi khansa. Mayeso ofala kwambiri ndi awa:

• Colonoscopy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyika chubu (scope) chokhala ndi kamera yolumikizidwa kudzera mu anus kuti ione mkati mwa matumbo akulu ndi rectum. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kamodzi pachaka kapena zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
• Ultrasound ya transvaginal: Chida chaching'ono (probe) chimayikidwa kudzera mu nyini kuti chione mazira ndi chiberekero. Izi zimalimbikitsidwanso kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka.
• Kusanthula mkodzo: Chitsanzo cha mkodzo wanu chimatengedwa kuti chione ngati pali zinthu monga zotupa mu impso. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kamodzi pachaka.
• Kufufuza khansa: Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi chotupa kwinakwake m'thupi lanu, adzatenga chidutswa chaching'ono chake ndikuchiyesa mu labu kuti aone ngati chili ndi maselo a khansa.
• Kujambula kwapamwamba kwa endoscopy kapena capsule endoscopy: Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chubu chaching'ono, choonda (scope) kapena kamera ya microscopic (chubu chaching'ono, choonda chomwe chimamezedwa ngati piritsi) kuti mupeze khansa m'mimba ndi m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Mungapemphedwe kuchita izi zaka zitatu kapena zisanu zilizonse.

Kodi matenda a Lynch amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chofunika kwambiri pochiza matenda a Lynch ndi kuzindikira msanga ndi kuchotsa zotupa pa opaleshoni . Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuyezetsa khansa nthawi zonse ndikupeza khansa msanga, ngati ilipo.

Ndani amachitira izi?

Ndi bwino kupempha thandizo kuchokera kwa gulu la madokotala apadera pa vuto ngati ili.Popeza matenda a Lynch angakhudze ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi, gulu lothandizira lingaphatikizepo akatswiri osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo madokotala a matenda a m'mimba, madokotala opaleshoni, madokotala a khansa ya amayi, akatswiri a urologist, madokotala a khungu, madokotala a matenda a akazi, madokotala osamalira odwala, akatswiri a majini, alangizi a majini, ndi madokotala a khansa.

Kodi khansa ingabwererenso mutalandira chithandizo?

Inde, ngakhale khansa itachotsedwa mwa opaleshoni, pali mwayi woti khansayo ibwereranso . Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupitiliza kuyezetsa.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a Lynch syndrome, chifukwa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa, amasankha kuchitidwa opaleshoni yochotsa chiberekero (hysterectomy), mazira (oophorectomy), kapena gawo la matumbo (colectomy kapena opaleshoni yochotsa matumbo) msanga. Ichi ndi chisankho chaumwini, ndipo chiyenera kupangidwa potsatira upangiri wa dokotala.

Kodi matenda a Lynch angapewedwe?

Mwatsoka, matenda a Lynch ndi matenda obadwa nawo, kotero sangathe kupewedwa kotheratu . Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Lynch amatha kuyezetsa khansa m'miyoyo yawo yonse, kuyambira ali akuluakulu, kuti khansa iwoneke msanga ngati yayamba .

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati muli ndi matenda a Lynch? Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani?

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a matenda a Lynch. Komabe, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka ngati khansa yapezeka ndikuchotsedwa msanga, isanafalikire ku ziwalo zina za thupi . Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Lynch aziyesedwa chaka chilichonse, monga colonoscopy.

Kodi matenda a Lynch angayambitse zotupa m'matumbo mwanga?

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Lynch syndrome amatha kukhala ndi 'adenomas' angapo, mtundu wa kukula kosakhala khansa m'matumbo awo kapena m'matumbo. Ngati 'ma polyps' awa sanazindikirike ndi kuchotsedwa, amatha kukhala khansa. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukhala ndi colonoscopy nthawi zonse kuti muwone ngati ali ndi matendawa ndikuchotsa ngati alipo.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi matenda a Lynch, ndikofunikira kuti muyezedwe chaka chilichonse komanso nthawi zonse .

Ngati muwona zotupa zilizonse, ziphuphu zatsopano, kapena kusintha kwa khungu kulikonse m'thupi lanu, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo , chifukwa izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za khansa.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

• Kodi ndiyenera kuyezetsa khansa kangati?
• Kodi chotupa ichi chili pa khansa yanga ya pakhungu?
• Kodi ndi kusintha kwa majini kotani komwe ndili nako?
• Kodi ndingayesedwe majini ndisanayambe kukonzekera kutenga pakati?

Kodi Lynch Syndrome ndi HNPCC ndi chinthu chimodzi?

Matenda a Lynch ndi ``Heriditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer`` (``HNPCC``) nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana pofotokoza vuto lomwelo. Komabe, pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa awiriwa m'njira yomwe amapatsidwira m'mibadwo.

Matenda a Lynch amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini a `MMR`. Kusintha kwa majini komweko kumakhudzanso anthu omwe ali ndi `HNPCC`. Komabe, dzina lakuti `HNPCC` limaperekedwa pamene vutoli likuchitika ndi mbiri ya banja . Izi zikutanthauza kuti `HNPCC` nthawi zonse imabadwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo. Matenda a Lynch nthawi zina amatha kuchitika popanda aliyense m'banjamo kukhala nawo, ndipo amathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini mwachisawawa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake dzina lakuti Lynch syndrome likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Palibe amene amakonda kumva mawu akuti, "Muli ndi khansa." Mukazindikira kuti muli ndi matenda a Lynch, mungafunike kumva mawu amenewo kuchokera kwa dokotala wanu. Koma sikuyenera kukhala chinthu choipa.

Mukapezeka ndi matenda a Lynch, dokotala wanu adzagwira nanu ntchito kuti akonze nthawi zonse mayeso oyezetsa khansa kuti akuthandizeni kuzindikira khansa msanga. Kuzindikira msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zowonjezerera mwayi wanu wopulumuka . Mukatero mutha kukhala ndi moyo wachimwemwe komanso wathanzi.

Choncho, m'malo mochita mantha ndi izi, dziwani, funani upangiri wa dokotala ngati kuli kofunikira, ndipo yesani kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi . Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi vutoli, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwadziwitsa za izi.

Matenda a Lynch, HNPCC, khansa, kusintha kwa majini, matenda obadwa nawo, khansa ya m'matumbo, khansa ya chiberekero