Zinthu zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza mankhwala a chamba!

Mwina mwamvapo mawu akuti 'Chamba Chamankhwala'. Ena amati ndi yabwino ku matenda, ena amati ndi yoopsa. Kodi chamba chamankhwala n'chiyani kwenikweni? Lero, tikambirana za icho mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi chamba chamankhwala n'chiyani?

Mwachidule, 'chamba chamankhwala' chimatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito chamba pothandiza kuthana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena. Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chamba pochita zosangalatsa. Bungwe la US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) limaika chamba m'gulu la 'Schedule I'. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sichili ndi ubwino uliwonse wazachipatala womwe uvomerezedwa pakadali pano ndipo ndi wovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, madokotala sangathe 'kupatsa' chamba mwachindunji. Komabe, m'maiko/maiko ena komwe chovomerezeka mwalamulo, madokotala amatha 'kutsimikizira' kuti munthu ali ndi vuto lachipatala komanso zizindikiro zomwe zingachepetsedwe ndi chamba.

Komabe, ngakhale m'malo ovomerezeka, si zipatala zonse ndi madokotala omwe amavomereza chamba chamankhwala. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndichakuti palibe kafukufuku wokwanira komanso mayeso azachipatala okhudza ubwino wa chamba pazachipatala.

Kodi pali mankhwala ovomerezeka opangidwa kuchokera ku chamba?

Bungwe la US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) silinavomereze kugwiritsa ntchito chomera cha chamba pa matenda aliwonse. Komabe, mankhwala angapo opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zoyeretsedwa zochokera ku chamba (kapena "analogs") avomerezedwa ndi FDA.

Mankhwala ovomerezedwa ndi FDA ndi awa:

• Cannabidiol (dzina lodziwika bwino la Epidiolex®): Izi zimathandiza kupewa ndi kuletsa khunyu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu iwiri yosowa ya khunyu, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome ndi Dravet syndrome . Iyi ndi mankhwala operekedwa ndi dokotala. Ndi yosiyana ndi mankhwala a CBD omwe mumagula mu kauntala.
• Dronabinol (dzina lodziwika bwino la Marinol®) ndi Nabilone (dzina lodziwika bwino la Cesamet®): Mankhwalawa amathandiza kupewa ndi kuletsa nseru ndi kusanza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala a chemotherapy. Dronabinol ingathandize kuchepetsa chilakolako cha chakudya ndi kuchepa thupi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena Edzi, komanso kuchepetsa kusokonezeka maganizo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la dementia.

Kodi chamba chamankhwala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zizindikiro ziti?

M'dziko lililonse/boma lililonse lomwe lavomereza chamba chamankhwala, pali mndandanda wa matenda enaake ('matenda oyenerera') omwe madokotala angalembe chamba chamankhwala. Pazochitika izi, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito chamba chamankhwala makamaka kuti athetse zizindikiro. Sichichiritsa matenda mwachindunji.

Mwachitsanzo, boma la Ohio ku United States limalola matenda otsatirawa:

• Matenda a Edzi kapena HIV
• "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)"
• Matenda a Alzheimer
• Cachexia (kuchepa kwa minofu, ndi kapena popanda kutaya mafuta)
• Khansa
• "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)"
• 'Matenda a Crohn'
• Matenda a khunyu kapena matenda ena a khunyu
• Matenda a Fibromyalgia
• Glaucoma
• Chiwindi cha chiwindi C
• 'Matenda a Huntington'
• "Matenda otupa m'matumbo (IBD)" ndi "Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)"
• Matenda a Sclerosis ambiri (MS)
• Ululu wosatha komanso woopsa kapena ululu wosachiritsika
• Matenda a Parkinson
• "Matenda a Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)"
• ``Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi``
• Kuuma kwa minofu (`Spasticity`)
• Kuvulala kwa msana kapena matenda
• Matenda osachiritsika
• Matenda a Tourette
• Kuvulala kwa ubongo koopsa (TBI)
• Matenda a m'matumbo

Koma kumbukirani kuti, mavutowa amasiyana malinga ndi dziko ndi boma. Kafukufuku akupitilizabe pa momwe chamba chimagwirira ntchito pothana ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za zoopsa ndi zabwino zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chamba pazifukwa zachipatala. Muyeneranso kukambirana za zotsatirapo zake nthawi yomweyo komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, momwe mankhwala angagwirizanitsire ntchito, komanso njira zina zochiritsira.

Kodi chamba chamankhwala n'chotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito? Izi n'zovuta pang'ono, sichoncho?

Yankho la funsoli ndi lovuta pang'ono. Monga momwe zilili, ofufuza sanganene motsimikiza. Ofufuza aphunzira ndikumvetsetsa zotsatira za mankhwala omwe ali mu chamba otchedwa `THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). Komabe, sizikudziwikabe chifukwa chake anthu amayankha mosiyana ndi `THC` komanso zotsatira za mankhwala ena omwe ali mu chamba (`cannabinoids`).

Tangoganizirani kuti mukuwerenga buku, koma masamba ena akusowa. Ngakhale kuti mungathe kuyankha mafunso ena okhudza zomwe zili m'bukuli, simungathe kuyankha mafunso ena, kapena simungathe kuyankha mokwanira. Zinthu zili ngati chamba chamankhwala.

Ganizirani mfundo izi poganizira za chitetezo cha chamba chamankhwala.

Kusowa kwa chilolezo cha FDA

Mpaka pano, bungwe la FDA silinavomereze kugulitsa chamba pochiza matenda kapena vuto lililonse. Mwanjira ina, mankhwala a chamba chamankhwala sakukwaniritsa miyezo yomwe FDA imagwiritsa ntchito povomereza mankhwala. Mankhwala akavomerezedwa ndi bungwe la FDA, amatanthauza:

• Chidziwitso chokhudza zotsatira za mankhwalawa chawunikidwanso ndi FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER).
• Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kwa iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, ubwino wake umaposa zoopsa zomwe zimadziwika komanso zosadziwika zomwe zingachitike.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a chamba omwe sanavomerezedwe ndi FDA kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zosayembekezereka komanso zosayembekezereka, ndipo kungayambitsenso zoopsa zazikulu zachitetezo. Komanso, ngakhale anthu agwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana zachipatala, sanayesedwepo mayeso azachipatala kuti atsimikizire kuti ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito.

M'malo movomerezedwa ndi FDA, boma lililonse ku United States lili ndi zofunikira zake komanso malamulo ake ogwiritsira ntchito chamba chamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, ku Ohio, Dipatimenti Yamalonda ya Ohio imapatsa chilolezo ndikuwongolera kulima, kukonza, ndi kuyesa chamba chamankhwala m'ma laboratories. Bungwe la State of Ohio Board of Pharmacy limapatsa chilolezo ndikuwongolera malo ogulitsa chamba chamankhwala m'boma. Boma lililonse lili ndi zofunikira zosiyana pa ubwino ndi chitetezo cha zinthuzi zikapangidwa ndikugawidwa.

Mavuto okhudza kulemba zilembo

Mayiko alinso ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana okhudza momwe chamba chamankhwala chimalembedwera. Mayiko ambiri ali ndi malamulo omwe amafuna kuti kuchuluka kwa `THC` ndi `CBD (cannabidiol)` mu chinthucho kulembedwe pa chizindikirocho. Komabe, mayiko ena ali ndi zofunikira zosiyana.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa ma cannabinoids monga `THC` ndi `CBD` omwe amalembedwa pa zilembo za malonda nthawi zina sikolondola.

Ngakhale kuti zilembo za mankhwala a chamba chamankhwala zimaoneka ngati mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala, si mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala kapena ovomerezeka ndi FDA.

Zoopsa zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Ofufuza akufufuzabe momwe mankhwala omwe ali mu chamba amakhudzira momwe thupi lanu limayamwira ('kagayidwe kake') mankhwala ena. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito 'CBD' ndi/kapena chamba/'THC' kungapangitse kuti mankhwala otsatirawa awonjezere kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'magazi mwanu:

• Clobazam (mankhwala oletsa kupweteka kwa mutu komanso mtundu wa benzodiazepine)
• Warfarin (mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana)
• Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu otchedwa NSAID (Diclofenac)

Kuphatikiza apo, CBD ingawonjezere kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ena oletsa matenda amisala ndi mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo m'magazi. THC ingachepetse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala otchedwa Risperidone muubongo.

Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe. Ofufuza akuphunzirabe za momwe mankhwala ena angagwirizanitsire ntchito. Chifukwa chomera cha chamba (Cannabis sativa) chili ndi mankhwala opitilira 500, n'zovuta kunena momwe chamba chamankhwala chingagwirizanitsire ntchito ndi mankhwala ena omwe mumamwa (mankhwala ochokera kwa dokotala kapena omwe amagulitsidwa ndi dokotala). Pali zinthu zambiri zosadziwika.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake zingakhale zotani pogwiritsa ntchito chamba chamankhwala?

Mtundu uliwonse wa chamba, kuphatikizapo chamba chamankhwala, sichikhudza aliyense mofanana. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, mwachitsanzo:

• Majini anu (`majini`)
• zaka zanu
• Jenda lanu
• Kuchuluka kwa chamba chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu yake
• Momwe mumayamwa chamba/THC (kusuta, kusuta ndudu, kapena kumwa mowa)
• Kodi mwakhala mukugwiritsa ntchito chamba kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji komanso kangati mumagwiritsa ntchito
• Kaya mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena ndi/kapena zinthu zina

Zotsatira zomwe mumakumana nazo chifukwa cha chamba chamankhwala zingakhale zosiyana ndi zomwe wina amakumana nazo. Ndipo ngakhale munthu yemweyo angakumane ndi zotsatira zosiyana nthawi zosiyanasiyana akamamwa chamba.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chamba kuli ndi zotsatirapo zina kwa kanthawi kochepa komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, koma ofufuza akuphunzirabe za izi, makamaka zotsatira zake kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zotsatira zina za kanthawi kochepa ndi izi:

• Chisangalalo ndi kusintha kwa maganizo
• Kuganiza movutikira komanso kuthetsa mavuto
• Kukumbukira kolakwika
• Kusokonezeka maganizo ndi chisokonezo
• Kupumula ndi/kapena kugona tulo
• Chizungulire
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi mgwirizano
• Nthawi yocheperako yochitira zinthu
• Pakamwa pouma
• Kusanza
• Kuona zinthu molakwika
• Kunyenga (kukhulupirira mwamphamvu chinthu chomwe sichowona - `Kunyenga`)
• Matenda amisala - Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito chamba champhamvu kwambiri (THC yambiri).

Ndiye kodi pali phindu lililonse kuchokera ku chamba chamankhwala?

Asayansi ndi madokotala sanganene motsimikiza za ubwino wonse wa chamba chamankhwala. Izi zili choncho chifukwa palibe kafukufuku wokwanira wokhudza ubwino wa chamba chamankhwala, makamaka zotsatira zake kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, chamba chimakhudza anthu osiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Ngakhale kuti anthu amanena kuti pali zinthu zina zabwino zomwe amapeza, zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza mfundo zomveka bwino.

Ngakhale kuti dzinalo lili ndi mawu akuti "zachipatala", pakadali pano palibe chidziwitso chokwanira chodziwa ngati ubwino wa chamba chamankhwala ndi woposa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda.

Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndi kufufuza malamulo m'dera lanu ndikulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za zotsatira za chamba kwa kanthawi kochepa komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso ngati chili choyenera kwa inu.

Kodi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe tikufuna kutenga kuchokera mu nkhaniyi ndi chiyani?

Chabwino, kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana zokhudza chamba chamankhwala, nazi zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Chamba chamankhwala si chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pongosangalatsa. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwalamulo m'malo ena kuti chithandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro zina.
• Chomera cha chamba sichinavomerezedwe ndi mabungwe monga FDA kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji. Komabe, pali mankhwala angapo ovomerezeka omwe ali ndi mankhwala enaake otengedwa kuchokera ku chamba.
• Palibe kafukufuku wokwanira wokhudza chitetezo ndi mphamvu ya chamba chamankhwala, kotero n'kovuta kunena bwino za zoopsa ndi ubwino wake.
• Chamba sichikhudza aliyense mofanana. Chingayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa ndipo chingagwirizanenso ndi mankhwala ena.
• Ngati mukuganiza zogwiritsa ntchito chamba chamankhwala, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za chambachi. Komanso, dziwani malamulo a m'dera lanu.

Kumbukirani, kudziwitsidwa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi thanzi lanu. Ngati mukukayikira, nthawi zonse funsani upangiri kwa dokotala.

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