Tiyeni tiphunzire bwino za mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol yanu 'yoyipa' (LDL Cholesterol)?

Tikaona kuti mulingo wa cholesterol m'magazi mwanu ndi wokwera mu lipotilo, chinthu choyamba chomwe timaganizira ndikuwongolera zakudya zathu ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, sichoncho? Ndicho chinthu choyamba kuchita. Kuchepetsa mafuta okhuta, kuchotsa kwathunthu mafuta osinthika, kuchepetsa shuga, ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Komabe, nthawi zina kusintha kumeneku kwa moyo kokha sikukwanira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi lanu, zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwa thupi lanu. Pamenepo dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala okuthandizani.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mitundu ya mankhwala omwe madokotala amapereka kuti achepetse cholesterol yoipa (LDL), momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndi zomwe tiyenera kusamala nazo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

Kodi ma statins omwe pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa ndi ati?

Mwachidule, ma statin ndi mtundu woyamba wa mankhwala omwe dokotala amapatsa kuti achepetse cholesterol. Amagwira ntchito poletsa kupanga cholesterol m'chiwindi chanu. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa (LDL) m'magazi mwanu. Amathandizanso kuchepetsa mtundu wina wa mafuta wotchedwa triglycerides ndikuwonjezera pang'ono kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yabwino" (HDL).

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a statin kumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko.

Mankhwala ogwira ntchito m'matumbo

Izi zimagwira ntchito makamaka m'matumbo anu.

Ma Resin a Bile Acid

Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pomangirira ku chinthu chotchedwa "bile" chomwe chimachokera ku chiwindi (chomwe chimapangidwanso ndi cholesterol) ndikuletsa kuti chisalowe m'magazi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi.

• Zitsanzo: Cholestyramine (Prevalite), Colesevelam (WelChol), Colestipol (Colestid)
• Zotsatirapo zake: Zofala kwambiri ndi kudzimbidwa, kudzimbidwa, komanso kusasangalala m'mimba.

Ezetimibe

Uwu ndi mtundu wina wa mankhwala. Ezetimibe (Zetia) imagwira ntchito poletsa mwachindunji kuyamwa kwa cholesterol kuchokera m'matumbo anu ang'onoang'ono kupita m'magazi anu. Nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala a statin. Izi zipangitsa kuti mphamvu yochepetsera cholesterol ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri.

• Zotsatirapo zake: Kupweteka kwa minofu, kupweteka kwa msana, kupweteka m'mimba, ndi kutsegula m'mimba kungachitike.

Gulu latsopano la mankhwala otchedwa PCSK9 Inhibitors

Mankhwala awa ndi atsopano komanso okwera mtengo. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi sikunalamuliridwe ndi kusintha kwa moyo wawo komanso chithandizo cha statin. Amaperekedwa makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la majini lomwe limayambitsa cholesterol yambiri (monga Heterozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia - HeFH) kapena omwe ali kale ndi matenda a mtima ndipo ma statin okha sakwanira.

Awa si mapiritsi, koma amabwera ngati jakisoni pansi pa khungu milungu iwiri iliyonse. Amagwira ntchito poletsa puloteni yotchedwa PCSK9, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizitha kuchotsa cholesterol ya LDL m'magazi.

• Zitsanzo: Alirocumab (Praluent), Evolocumab (Repatha)
• Zotsatirapo zake:Popeza izi ndi zatsopano, sizikudziwika zambiri za zotsatirapo zake kwa nthawi yayitali. Zinthu zokha zomwe zanenedwa mpaka pano ndi kuyabwa, kutupa, kupweteka, ndi mabala pamalo omwe jakisoni amaperekedwa, komanso zizindikiro monga mphuno yotuluka madzi ndi malungo.

Tiyeni tiphunzire pang'ono za mitundu ina ya mankhwala.

Kuwonjezera pa mitundu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, palinso mitundu ina ingapo ya mankhwala.

Niacin

Uwu ndi mtundu wa vitamini B. Ukaperekedwa ngati mankhwala ambiri, umatha kuchepetsa cholesterol ya LDL ndikuwonjezera cholesterol ya HDL. Komabe, kafukufuku sanawonetse kuti kuwonjezera niacin ku ma statins kumachepetsanso chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Zotsatirapo zake zazikulu ndi kutsuka mkamwa, kuyabwa, dzanzi, ndi mutu.

Ma Fibrate

Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito makamaka pochepetsa kupanga mafuta otchedwa triglycerides ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yabwino (HDL).

• Zitsanzo: Fenofibrate, Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

Zoletsa za ATP Citrate Lyase (ACL)

Bempedoic acid (Nexletol) ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiranso ntchito poletsa kupanga cholesterol ndi chiwindi.

Omega-3s

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kumwa mafuta owonjezera a nsomba ku pharmacy kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Koma palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti kumwa mafuta owonjezera a nsomba, monga vitamini wamba, kumachita chimodzimodzi. Komabe, omega-3s yochuluka yomwe dokotala wapereka ingachepetse kuchuluka kwa triglycerides ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima mwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Onetsetsani kuti mukukumbukira izi mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a cholesterol!

Mankhwala akangoperekedwa, ndikofunikira kuwagwiritsa ntchito monga momwe mwalangizidwira, apo ayi simudzapindula nawo mokwanira.

• Dziwani chifukwa chake mukumwa mankhwalawa: Funsani dokotala wanu kuti amvetse chifukwa chake mwapatsidwa mankhwalawa komanso zomwe angachite.
• Imwani mankhwala anu nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse: Khalani ndi chizolowezi chomwa mankhwala anu tsiku lililonse. Sankhani nthawi yomweyo ya tsiku.
• Musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu ngakhale mutamva bwino: Musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu kapena kusintha mlingo popanda kufunsa dokotala wanu. Ngakhale mutamva bwino ndipo palibe vuto lililonse, pitirizani kumwa mankhwala anu.
• Konzani: Gwiritsani ntchito bokosi la mapiritsi lokhala ndi masiku a sabata. Lembani kumayambiriro kwa sabata ndipo simudzayiwala kumwa mankhwala anu.
• Sungani kalendala ya mankhwala:Lembani chizindikiro pa kalendala yanu nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukumwa mankhwala anu. Ngati dokotala wanu asintha mankhwala anu, lembaninso pamenepo.
• Musachepetse mlingo kuti musunge ndalama: Kuti mupeze phindu lonse la mankhwala, muyenera kumwa mlingo weniweni. Ngati mtengo wake ndi vuto, musachite manyazi kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Iye akhoza kukupatsani njira ina yothetsera vutoli.
• Uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena: Uzani dokotala wanu za mavitamini, mankhwala azitsamba, kapena mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa, chifukwa ena amatha kusokonezana ndi mankhwala a cholesterol.
• Ngati mwaiwala kumwa mlingo: Imwani mlingo mwamsanga mukangokumbukira. Komabe, ngati nthawi yanu yotsatira yayandikira, dumphani mlingo womwe mwaphonya ndikumwa mlingo wotsatira panthawi yomwe mwakonza. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti akufotokozereni bwino pankhaniyi.
• Mukayenda: Sungani mankhwala anu. Ngati mukupita paulendo wautali, tengani mankhwala okwana sabata imodzi ndi kopi ya mankhwala anu.
• Musanachite opaleshoni: Uzani dokotala wanu kapena dokotala wa mano za mankhwala omwe mukumwa musanachite opaleshoni kapena kuchotsa dzino.
• Samalani ndi mowa: Mowa ukhoza kuwonjezera zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala ena ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake. Choncho funsani dokotala wanu za mowa ndipo funsani upangiri.