Kodi mukudziwa za khansa ya chithokomiro ya Medullary (MTC), mtundu wa khansa ya chithokomiro?

Mwina mwamvapo za chithokomiro chooneka ngati gulugufe chomwe chili kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu. Nthawi zina mungamve chotupa chaching'ono mu chithokomirochi. Kapena dokotala angachione mukamachiyesa. Ngakhale kuti chotupachi nthawi zambiri sichili choopsa, nthawi zina chingakhale chizindikiro cha khansa. Lero, tikambirana za mtundu wapadera wa khansa, koma wosowa kwambiri, womwe umapezeka mu chithokomiro.

Kodi khansa ya chithokomiro ya medullary (MTC) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, khansa ya chithokomiro ya Medullary (MTC) ndi khansa yomwe imayamba mkati mwa chithokomiro chanu. Gawo lamkati la chithokomiro ichi limatchedwa 'medulla' . Pali mtundu wapadera wa selo mu medulla iyi, yotchedwa 'parafollicular C cells' . Ma cell a C awa amapanga mahomoni otchedwa 'calcitonin' . Chifukwa chake, maselo a C awa akayamba kukula mosalamulirika, MTC imachitika. Taganizirani ngati zomera zosafunikira m'munda zomwe zimafalikira kulikonse popanda kulamuliridwa.

Ndizachilendo kukhala ndi mafunso ndi mantha ambiri mukamva za khansa, makamaka ngati ndi mtundu wosowa. Koma kumbukirani, gulu lanu lachipatala lili nanu paulendowu. Pali njira zambiri zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira MTC.

Kodi khansa ya chithokomiro ya medullary (MTC) ndi yofala bwanji?

Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, "Kodi iyi ndi matenda omwe aliyense amadwala?" Musadandaule. Khansa ya chithokomiro ndi yofala kwambiri. Komabe, mtundu womwe tikukambawu , khansa ya chithokomiro ya medullary (MTC) , ndi yosowa kwambiri . Ngakhale m'dziko ngati United States, 4% mpaka 10% yokha ya khansa yonse ya chithokomiro yomwe imanenedwa imapezeka kuti ndi MTC. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu pafupifupi 1,000 okha ndi omwe amapezeka ndi MTC kumeneko chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, ku Sri Lanka, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukhala chotsika kwambiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya chithokomiro ya medullary (MTC) ndi ziti?

Chabwino, kodi zizindikiro za MTC ndi ziti? Si aliyense amene amakumana ndi zizindikiro zomwezo. Komabe, pali zina zomwe zimafala:

• Chotupa (nodule) pamwamba pa chithokomiro chanu chimamveka bwino. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimapezeka mwa anthu 75% mpaka 95% akapezeka ndi matendawa. Chimamveka ngati chotupa chaching'ono, ndipo nthawi zina chimawoneka mukayang'ana kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu.
• Kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes m'khosi . Izi zimawonekeranso mwa anthu pafupifupi 70% akapezeka ndi matendawa. Izi zimatha kumveka ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono mbali zonse ziwiri za khosi.

Komabe, nthawi zambiri, ngati nodule ya chithokomiro ikukula, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zingachitike:

• Kusintha kwa mawu, kumveka kwa mawu.
• Kuvuta kumeza chakudya.
• Kuvuta kupuma.

Chofunika ndichakuti anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi MTC koma osawonetsa zizindikiro kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chotupacho ndi khansa.Ndi kakang'ono kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati muwona china chake chachilendo pakhosi panu, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchisamalira.

Chifukwa chiyani khansa ya chithokomiro ya medullary (MTC) imayamba?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake MTC iyi imachitika. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe izi zimachitikira. Makamaka, pali njira ziwiri zomwe MTC imachitikira.

MTC yosakhazikika

Pafupifupi 75% (pafupifupi atatu mwa anayi) a odwala MTC amadwala matendawa nthawi ndi nthawi . Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe m'banja mwawo amene wakhalapo ndi MTC kale. Izi zimachitika popanda mbiri ya banja. Asayansi sanapezebe chifukwa chenicheni cha MTC imeneyi yosachitika kawirikawiri. Komabe, pakati pa 40% ndi 50% ya anthu omwe amadwala MTC mwanjira imeneyi ali ndi kusintha kwa majini otchedwa ``(RET)`` . Ichi si chinthu chomwe amabadwa nacho, koma vuto la majini lomwe limayamba pambuyo pake.

MTC kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo kupita ku mibadwomibadwo

Kumbali ina, pafupifupi 25% ya odwala MTC (pafupifupi m'modzi mwa anayi) akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lobadwa nalo lotchedwa 'Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2' (MEN2) . Pali mitundu ingapo ya 'MEN2':

• `(MEN2A)`: Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga MTC (pafupifupi 90%) .
• `(MEN2B)`: Matenda ena a `(MEN2B)` ndi obadwa nawo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri izi sizili choncho. Anthu omwe ali ndi `(MEN2B)` ali ndi mwayi wonse wokhala ndi MTC ali aang'ono kwambiri .

Pali mtundu wina wa `(MEN2B)`, wotchedwa `Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer (FMTC) . Anthu omwe ali ndi `(FMTC)` ali ndi `(RET)` gene mutation, koma amangopanga MTC (osati mitundu ina ya khansa).

Tangoganizirani, ngati wina m'banja mwanu apezeka kuti ali ndi kusintha kwa majini kwa ``(RET)``, mutha kupewa chiopsezo chachikulu mwa kuchotsedwa kwa chithokomiro kudzera mu opaleshoni yoteteza khansa isanayambe.

Kodi khansa ya chithokomiro ya medullary (MTC) imapezeka bwanji?

MTC nthawi zambiri imayamba kuwoneka ngati chotupa mu chithokomiro. Mungachimve nokha, kapena dokotala wanu angachipeze mukachimva khosi lanu panthawi yoyezetsa. Nthawi zina, chotupacho chimapezeka mwangozi panthawi yoyezetsa zithunzi zomwe zachitika pazifukwa zina.

Ngati dokotala wanu akuganiza kuti muli ndi MTC, mwina adzalamula mayeso awa:

• Mayeso ojambulira: Izi zingathandize kuona bwino nodule ya chithokomiro. Mwachitsanzo , ultrasound ya chithokomiro , CT scan , ndi/kapena MRI.Mungathe kuchita mayeso ngati awa. Monga kujambula chithunzi ndi kamera, makina awa amatha kuona bwino zomwe zili mkati mwa thupi.
• Kutulutsa singano pang'ono (kufufuza singano): Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mutenge chitsanzo cha minofu (kufufuza) kuchokera ku nodule yanu ya thyroid. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito singano yaying'ono kwambiri. Imamveka ngati kubaya singano kakang'ono. Kenako chitsanzo cha minofu iyi chimawunikidwa pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti muwone ngati pali maselo a khansa.
• Kuyezetsa magazi: Izi zingaphatikizepo kuyezetsa komwe kumayesa kuchuluka kwa zinthu m'magazi mwanu zotchedwa calcitonin ndi carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) . Kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera mwa anthu omwe ali ndi MTC.

Dokotala wanu angakulangizeninso kuti muyesedwe majini kuti muwone ngati muli ndi vuto la majini lotchedwa ``MEN2''. Ngati ndi choncho, angakulangizeni kuti muyesedwe majini kwa achibale ena a m'magazi, chifukwa izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati ali pachiwopsezo.

Kodi mankhwala a khansa ya chithokomiro ya medullary (MTC) ndi ati?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone mankhwala omwe alipo a MTC.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha MTC ndi opaleshoni yochotsa chithokomiro chanu chonse (kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa chithokomiro) . Ngakhale kuti izi zingawoneke ngati opaleshoni yayikulu, ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yochiritsira khansa iyi.

• Kuchotsa ma lymph node: Ngati khansa ya chithokomiro yafalikira (yafalikira) ku ma lymph node omwe ali pakhosi panu, dokotalayo mwina adzawachotsanso.
• Chithandizo cha mahomoni: Mukachita opaleshoni, muyenera kumwa mankhwala olowa m'malo mwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kwa moyo wanu wonse. Popeza mahomoni opangidwa ndi chithokomiro ndi ofunikira kwambiri m'thupi, ayenera kuperekedwa kunja kwa thupi ngati mapiritsi.

Kuwonjezera pa opaleshoni, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni njira zina zothandizira, kuphatikizapo:

• Chithandizo cha radiation: Njira yowononga maselo a khansa pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri.
• Chemotherapy: Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa.
• Mankhwala Oyenera: Nthawi zina a MTC, mankhwala enaake omwe amangokhudza kusintha kwa DNA amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zitsanzo ndi vandetanib ndi cabozantinib .

Pambuyo polandira chithandizo cha MTC, dokotala wanu nthawi zonse amafufuza kuchuluka kwa CEA ndi Calcitonin m'magazi mwanu kudzera mu mayeso a magazi. Izi zidzawathandiza kudziwa momwe chithandizocho chilili chothandiza komanso ngati khansa yabwerera.

MTC ndi khansa yomwe ingakhale yoopsa kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya khansa ya chithokomiro. Komabe, ngati yapezeka isanafalikire ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi kapena mbali zina za thupi, zimakhala zosavuta kuchiza, kuchiza, ndi kuwongolera.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha munthu amene ali ndi khansa ya chithokomiro ya medullary (MTC) ndi chotani?

Kuzindikira, kapena malingaliro, kwa munthu amene ali ndi MTC kumadalira zinthu zingapo.

• Gawo la khansa (ndiko kuti, momwe khansa yafalikira).
• Kaya khansa yafalikira (yafalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi.
• Kuchuluka kwa chotupa cha khansa chomwe chinachotsedwa panthawi ya opaleshoni.
• Zaka zanu ndi thanzi lanu lonse.

Matenda a MTC nthawi zambiri sali abwino monga khansa ya papillary thyroid ndi khansa ya follicular thyroid . Komabe, ngati inu ndi dokotala wanu mutapeza MTC msanga, imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni . Ngakhale matenda atachedwa, MTC nthawi zambiri imafalikira (imakula) pang'onopang'ono .

Mwayi wochira ukhoza kukhala wochepa pang'ono kwa anthu ngati awa:

• Anthu opitirira zaka 65.
• Anthu omwe ali pamlingo wapamwamba wa khansa.
• Anthu omwe khansa yawo sinathe kuchotsedwa kwathunthu panthawi ya opaleshoni.

Kodi nthawi yoyembekezera moyo wa khansa ya chithokomiro ya medullary (MTC) ndi yotani?

Ponena za kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kwa munthu amene ali ndi MTC, kafukufuku waposachedwapa akusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kwa zaka zisanu kwa magawo oyamba, achiwiri, ndi atatu a MTC ndi pafupifupi 93%. Komabe, pa gawo lachinayi, kuchuluka kumeneku kumatsika kufika pa 28%.

Komabe, chofunika apa ndichakuti chifukwa chakuti milandu yatsopano ya MTC imalembedwa chaka chilichonse, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kumeneku sikungakhale kolondola kwenikweni. Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzakupatsani lingaliro labwino la zomwe mungayembekezere.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa khansa ya papillary thyroid ndi khansa ya medullary thyroid?

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti, 'Kodi kusiyana kwa MTC iyi ndi khansa zina za chithokomiro n'chiyani?'

Khansa ya chithokomiro ya papillary ndiyo mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya chithokomiro . Imakhala ndi 80% ya matenda a khansa ya chithokomiro. Komabe, khansa ya chithokomiro ya medullary (MTC) ndi yosowa kwambiri .

Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli m'maselo omwe mitundu iwiriyi ya khansa imayambira.

• Khansa ya chithokomiro cha papillary imayamba m'maselo a follicular mu chithokomiro chanu chomwe chimapanga thyroglobulin, puloteni.
• MTC imachokera ku maselo a C mu gland ya chithokomiro omwe amapanga calcitonin, mahomoni.

Chinthu china n'chakuti khansa ya papillary thyroid nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma palibe mgwirizano womveka bwino ndi MTC.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani izi.

Kumva kuti muli ndi khansa, kaya mtundu wanji, n'koopsa kwambiri. Tonse tikudziwa zimenezo. Koma pankhani ya khansa ya chithokomiro ya medullary (MTC) , kumbukirani kuti imachira bwino ngati yapezeka msanga .

Ngakhale kuti chifukwa chenicheni cha matenda ambiri a MTC sichikudziwika, pali kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi matenda ena obadwa nawo. Chifukwa chake, ngati inu kapena wachibale wanu wapafupi (wachibale woyamba - makolo, abale, ana) mwapezeka ndi MTC, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukayezetsa majini. Izi zingakuthandizeni kwambiri inu ndi banja lanu.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda a MTC, musaope kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Iwo nthawi zonse amakhalapo kuti akuthandizeni ndikuyankha mafunso anu. Chofunika kwambiri ndikukhala ndi chidziwitso, kukhala ndi chidziwitso, ndikuchitapo kanthu kofunikira.

Khansa ya chithokomiro ya Medullary , MTC, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, zizindikiro za khansa, kuyezetsa majini, MEN2, opaleshoni ya chithokomiro