Khansa ikufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi - Tiyeni tiphunzire za kufalikira kwa maselo m'thupi

Mwina mwamvapo mawu oti "metastasis," makamaka pankhani ya khansa. Ndi mawu owopsa. Koma ngati muwamvetsa bwino , mutha kuchepetsa mantha amenewo pang'ono. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za metastasis, momwe imachitikira, komanso zinthu zofunika kudziwa za matendawa.

Kodi Metastasis ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta.

Mwachidule, kufalikira kwa khansa ndi kufalikira kwa khansa kuchokera komwe idayambira kupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi, kutanthauza ziwalo zina. Taganizirani ngati chomera chaching'ono chomwe chimayamba pamalo amodzi, ndipo pakapita nthawi, chimafalikira ndikumera zomera zatsopano. Pafupifupi khansa zonse zimakhala ndi kuthekera kofalikira mwanjira iyi. Komabe, kaya imafalikira kapena ayi zimadalira zinthu zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa khansa, kukula kwake, ndi komwe khansa idayambira - timaitcha 'chotupa chachikulu' - zonsezi zimagwira ntchito.

Tsopano, onani, pali njira zitatu zazikulu zomwe maselo a khansa amatha kupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi:

• Njira yoyamba: Maselo a khansa amatha kukula mwachindunji mu minofu yozungulira chotupa choyamba, ngati kuti akutulutsa mizu.
• Njira yachiwiri: Maselo a khansa amenewa amayenda m'magazi, kutanthauza kuti, m'njira yozungulira magazi , kupita ku ziwalo zina zakutali za thupi, monga chiwindi, mapapo, ubongo, ndi mafupa.
• Njira yachitatu: Kudzera mu dongosolo la lymphatic . Iyi ndi njira ina yofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Kudzera mu izi, maselo a khansa amatha kufalikira ku ma lymph nodes apafupi komanso nthawi zina akutali.

Kodi mayina ena a metastasis ndi ati?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayina ena angapo pofotokoza za kufalikira kwa matendawa. Mwina munamvapo mawu awa:

• Khansa yofalikira
• Khansa ya Gawo IV (4)
• Khansa yachiwiri
• Nthawi zina imatchedwanso khansa ndi mawu oti "mets" mwachidule.

Kaya dzina lake ndi lotani, limatanthauza chinthu chomwecho.

Ndi mitundu iti ya khansa yomwe imafalikira (metastasize) ngati iyi?

Ndipotu, khansa yamtundu uliwonse imatha kufalikira, kapena kufalikira, mwanjira imeneyi. Komabe, mitundu ina ya khansa imaoneka kuti imafalikira kwambiri kuposa ina. Nazi mitundu ina ya khansa yomwe nthawi zambiri imafalikira:

• Khansa ya m'mawere
• Khansa ya m'matumbo
• Khansa ya m'mero
• Khansa ya m'mapapo
• Khansa ya m'chiberekero
• Khansa ya kapamba
• Khansa ya prostate
• Khansa ya pakhungu, makamaka melanoma
• Khansa ya m'mimba
• Khansa ya m'chiberekero

Musachite mantha ndi mndandandawu. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti khansa yonseyi idzafalikira ngati itayamba. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mitundu iyi ili ndi kuthekera kochita zimenezo.

Kodi khansa imafalikira kuti koyamba?

Khansa ikafalikira, chiwalo chomwe imapita koyamba nthawi zambiri chimatsimikiziridwa ndi chotupa choyamba , komwe khansayo idayambira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtundu uliwonse wa khansa umakonda kufalikira. Nazi zina mwa malo omwe khansa imafalikira kwambiri:

• Ma adrenal glands (awa ndi ma adrenal glands ang'onoang'ono omwe ali pamwamba pa impso zathu)
• Mafupa
• Ubongo
• Chiwindi
• Mapapu
• Ma lymph nodes
• Peritoneum (iyi ndi nembanemba yopyapyala yomwe imaphimba ziwalo zam'mimba)

Mwachitsanzo, khansa ya m'mawere imapezeka mosavuta m'mafupa, m'mapapo, m'chiwindi, ndi muubongo. Mofananamo, khansa ya m'matumbo ingafalikire m'chiwindi ndi m'mapapo.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa yofalikira m'thupi ndi ziti?

Kufalikira kwa khansa m'thupi sikuti nthawi zonse kumayambitsa zizindikiro zazikulu. Nthawi zina maselo a khansa amatha kufalikira kwa miyezi kapena zaka. Chifukwa chake, anthu ena sangadziwe kuti ali ndi khansa ya gawo lachinayi .

Komabe, pali zizindikiro zambiri zomwe zimaonekera ndi metastasis:

• Kumva kutopa kwambiri, kutopa kwambiri
• Thukuta la usiku
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosamveka bwino

Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana kutengera komwe khansa inali poyamba komanso komwe yafalikira. Taganizirani izi:

• Ngati khansa yafalikira ku chiwindi (metastases ya chiwindi) , zizindikiro zake zingakhale monga: kudzimbidwa, kutupa m'mimba, kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya, kumva kukhuta ngakhale mutadya pang'ono, komanso mwina jaundice (maso ndi khungu zimaoneka zachikasu).
• Ngati khansa yafalikira ku mafupa (mafupa akayamba kufalikira) : Kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi kusweka kwa mafupa mosavuta kungachitike.
• Ngati khansa yafalikira ku ubongo (ma metastases a mu ubongo) , zizindikiro monga chizungulire, mutu waukulu, ndi khunyu zingachitike.
• Ngati khansa yafalikira m'mapapo (mapapo atayamba kufalikira) , zizindikiro monga kupuma movutikira komanso chifuwa chosatha zingachitike.

Chofunika: Kukhala ndi zizindikiro izi sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi khansa yofalikira. Zingayambitsidwenso ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo. Komabe, ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala kuti akakupatseni upangiri.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa metastasis?

Kufalikira kwa maselo a khansa ndi njira imene maselo a khansa amachoka ku chotupa choyamba n’kupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Monga tafotokozera kale, maselo amenewa amayenda m’magazi kapena m’thupi.

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse kufalikira kwa maselo a khansa m'njira imeneyi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimayambitsa izi. Asayansi akufufuzabe izi. Monga momwe tikudziwira, zinthu izi zitha kukhala:

• Chitetezo cha mthupi chofooka .
• Kusowa kwa mpweya m'maselo (Hypoxia) .
• Kuwonjezeka kwa lactic acid m'magazi (lactic acidosis) .
• Kusintha kwina mu njira ya imfa ya maselo yotchedwa autophagy . (Izi ndi njira zovuta zamoyo.)

Zinthu zimenezi zimathandiza maselo a khansa kuthawa chotupa chawo choyambirira, kusamukira kumalo atsopano, ndikukhazikitsa madera atsopano kumeneko.

Kodi khansa ya metastatic imapezeka bwanji?

Kwa anthu ena, akapezeka ndi khansa koyamba, ikhoza kukhala kuti yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Zikatero, dokotala adzazindikira matendawa panthawi yoyesa koyamba.

Kwa anthu ena, khansa ya m'magazi imatha kufalikira pambuyo poti khansa yoyamba yachiritsidwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake madokotala nthawi zambiri amalangiza kuti akapimidwenso pambuyo poti khansa yachiritsidwa. Panthawiyo, amafufuza ngati khansayo yabwereranso kapena yafalikira.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti azindikire metastasis?

Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi khansa ya metastatic, angachite chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi kuti atsimikizire izi:

• Kufufuza za khansa: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kuchokera pamalo okayikitsa ndikukayang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu. Izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati pali maselo a khansa komanso mtundu wake.
• Kuyezetsa magazi: Mu mitundu ina ya khansa, zinthu zina m'magazi (monga zizindikiro za chotupa ) zimawonjezeka. Zingaperekenso lingaliro la momwe ziwalo (monga chiwindi ndi impso) zimagwirira ntchito.
• Kujambula mafupa: Izi zimathandiza kuona ngati khansa yafalikira mpaka m'mafupa.
• Kujambula kwa CT (computed tomography scans): Kungathe kujambula zithunzi zamkati mwa thupi. Kumathandiza kupeza zinthu monga zotupa ndi zotupa.
• Kujambula kwa MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Izi zikufanana ndi kujambula kwa CT, koma ndizoyenera kwambiri poyang'ana minofu yofewa, makamaka ubongo ndi msana.
• Kujambula kwa PET (positron emission tomography scans): Izi zitha kuwona momwe maselo a khansa alili ogwira ntchito komanso komwe ali m'thupi.
• Ultrasound: Imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a phokoso kujambula zithunzi za mkati mwa thupi.
• X-ray:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana zinthu monga mapapo ndi mafupa.

Si mayeso onsewa omwe amachitikira aliyense. Dokotala wanu adzasankha mayeso oti achite kutengera zizindikiro zanu komanso mtundu wa khansa.

Kodi khansa ya metastatic imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chofunika apa ndichakuti kaya khansa yafalikira kuti, chithandizocho chimadalira komwe khansayo inayambira . Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere kenako n’kufalikira ku chiwindi, madokotala amachichiza mofanana ndi momwe amachitira khansa ya m'mawere. Chifukwa chiwindi chili ndi maselo omwewo a khansa ya m'mawere, sichinasinthe, koma malo okha ndi omwe asintha.

Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zothandizira khansa yofalikira m'thupi:

• Chemotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kupatsa thupi mankhwala omwe amapha maselo a khansa kapena kuwaletsa kukula. Mankhwalawa angaperekedwe ngati mapiritsi kapena ngati madzi operekedwa mumtsempha.
• Chithandizo cha mahomoni: Mitundu ina ya khansa (monga bere, prostate) imadalira mahomoni. Chithandizochi chimagwira ntchito pochepetsa kapena kuletsa kugwira ntchito kwa mahomoni amenewo.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi la thupi lathu ndikuchithandiza kulimbana ndi maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuti chiwononge maselo a khansa. Izi zitha kulunjika kudera linalake la thupi.
• Chithandizo cholunjika: Mankhwalawa amapangidwira kuti athane ndi kusintha kwa majini m'maselo a khansa, kotero sawononga maselo athanzi kwambiri.

Nthawi zina, chithandizo chapafupi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kufalikira kwa maselo m'thupi, monga kuchepetsa ululu ndikuletsa kusweka kwa mafupa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa yafalikira ku fupa ndipo ikuyambitsa ululu, chithandizo cha radiation kapena opaleshoni chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza dera limenelo.

Kodi kufalikira kwa ma metastasis kungapewedwe?

Khansa singathe kupewedwa nthawi zonse kuti isafalikire. Komabe, ngati khansa yapezeka msanga , kutanthauza kuti isanafalikire, kuchotsa chotupacho ndi chithandizo china chowonjezera (monga chemotherapy, chithandizo cholunjika, kapena immunotherapy) kungachepetse kwambiri chiopsezo cha kufalikira kwa khansa pambuyo pake.

Akatswiri akufufuzabe njira zoletsera, kuchepetsa, kapena kuletsa kufalikira kwa maselo a khansa. Koma nthawi zina, ngakhale titachita bwino bwanji, chinthu chotchedwa metastasis chingachitike.

Kumbukirani izi bwino: Ngati muli ndi khansa yofalikira, si vuto lanu.Sikuti chifukwa chakuti munachita cholakwika kapena simunachitepo kanthu. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti palibe zakudya zinazake zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khansa ikule kwambiri, komanso palibe zakudya zinazake zomwe zimaletsa kufalikira kwa khansa.

Ngati ndili ndi khansa yofalikira m'thupi, ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani?

Gulu lanu la zachipatala lidzagwira ntchito limodzi nanu nthawi yolandira chithandizo cha khansa komanso pambuyo pa chithandizocho. Mudzakhala ndi nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse ndipo mudzayenera kupanga zisankho zofunika zokhudza thanzi lanu. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chithandizo kuchokera kwa achibale anu, anzanu, ndi gulu lachipatala .

Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi khansa ya metastatic

Nthawi zambiri, khansa yofalikira m'thupi sichitha kuchiritsidwa . Komabe, chithandizo chingachepetse kukula kwa khansa ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro. Ndi mitundu ina ya khansa, ngakhale mutafalikira m'thupi, mutha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zambiri . Komanso, mitundu ina ya khansa yofalikira m'thupi, monga khansa ya melanoma ndi khansa ya m'matumbo, imatha kuchiritsidwa.

Kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kwa khansa ya metastatic

Chiŵerengero cha moyo wa zaka zisanu chimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe muli nayo. Mwachitsanzo, 9% ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe yafalikira amakhalabe ndi moyo patatha zaka zisanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu 9 mwa anthu 100 omwe apezeka ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe yafalikira amakhalabe ndi moyo patatha zaka zisanu. Mofananamo, akazi 30% ndi amuna 19% omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere yomwe yafalikira amakhalabe ndi moyo patatha zaka zisanu.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa: Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akupulumuka ndi kungoyerekeza chabe . Sikukuuzani momwe mungayankhire mukalandira chithandizo kapena nthawi yomwe mudzakhala ndi moyo. Funsani dokotala wanu za kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akupulumuka matenda anu.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Kupezeka ndi khansa yofalikira m'thupi kumabwera ndi mavuto ake. Mavutowa amatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu, koma mungakumane ndi zinthu monga:

• Kumva chisoni, mkwiyo, ndi kukhumudwa.
• Ndikuopa kuti chithandizochi chidzapambana kapena kuti khansayo idzakula mofulumira.
• N'zotopetsa kuonana ndi madokotala nthawi zonse ndikupanga zisankho zofunika.
• Kufunika thandizo pa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Kukhumudwa ndi mtengo wa chithandizo.

Kulankhula ndi mlangizi kapena wantchito wothandiza anthu kungathandize kwambiri polimbana ndi malingaliro ovuta awa. Komanso, kuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndikofunikira kwambiri. Yesetsani kuchita zinthu monga kusinkhasinkha, kusamala, kapena kupeza njira zina zochepetsera kupsinjika maganizo.

Ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala wanga?

Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro zatsopano,Muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Gulu lanu losamalira khansa lingasinthe dongosolo lanu la chithandizo kuti ligwirizane ndi zosowa zanu.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Kudziwa za matenda anu kudzakuthandizani kupanga zisankho zoyenera. Nazi mafunso ena omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu:

• Kodi pali zinthu zomwe ndingachite kuti ndisinthe mkhalidwe wanga?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi pali mayeso aliwonse azachipatala omwe ndingatenge nawo mbali?
• Ngakhale nditasiya kulandira chithandizo cha khansa, kodi ndipitiliza kulandira chithandizo cha palliative ? (Chisamaliro cha palliative ndi chisamaliro chomwe chimawongolera zizindikiro ndikukweza moyo)
• Kodi ndiyenera kubwera kangati kuti ndikafufuzenso?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuganizira za chisamaliro cha hospice ?
• Ngati sindingathe kupanga zisankho, kodi ndisankhe munthu woti andipangire zisankho zachipatala tsopano?
• Ndi zikalata ziti zalamulo zomwe ndiyenera kukonzekera?
• Kodi mungandiuze zinthu zomwe zingandithandize kuthana ndi matendawa?

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kupeza kuti khansa yafalikira kuchokera pamalo ake oyamba kupita ku gawo lina la thupi, kapena kuti yafalikira , kungakhale chimodzi mwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri zomwe munthu angakumane nazo m'moyo wake. Ngati mwapezeka ndi matendawa posachedwapa, ndi zachilendo kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana ovuta omwe akuyenda m'maganizo mwanu.

Ngakhale kuti khansa zambiri zomwe zimafalikira m'thupi sizingachiritsidwe kwathunthu, pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro zanu ndikukulitsa moyo wanu . Choncho, musataye mtima.

Funsani dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni zambiri ndikupeza komwe mungapeze thandizo. Ngati n'kotheka, lowani nawo gulu lothandizira khansa m'dera lanu. Kulankhula ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi mavuto omwewo kungakuthandizeni kumva bwino paulendowu. Kumbukirani nthawi zonse kuti simuli nokha.

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