Kodi tikudziwa za matenda opuma otchedwa MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)?

Mwina simunamvepo za MERS kale. Koma tsopano, chifukwa cha mliri wa COVID-19, tonsefe tikudziwa bwino za kachilombo ka corona. MERS ndi membala wa banja la kachilombo ka corona, koma ndi matenda osiyana pang'ono, nthawi zina oopsa kwambiri opuma. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuphunzira pang'ono za matendawa kwa inu ndi banja lanu, eti? Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule.

Kodi MERS ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, MERS ndi matenda ofatsa, ovuta, komanso ovuta kupuma omwe amakhudza mapapu athu. Amayambitsidwa ndi mtundu winawake wa kachilombo kotchedwa Coronavirus . Kunena zoona, kachilomboka kamatchedwa `MERS-CoV` (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus). Matendawa adanenedwa koyamba padziko lonse lapansi mu 2012 ku Saudi Arabia. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome".

Tiyeni tiphunzire pang'ono za Coronavirus

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti ma coronavirus awa ndi chiyani komanso chifukwa chake ndi oopsa chonchi. Kwenikweni, ma coronavirus si kachilombo kamodzi kokha, koma gulu lalikulu la ma virus. Nthawi zambiri amapatsira mbalame, kapena nyama zoyamwitsa monga agalu, amphaka, ndi ng'ombe. Komabe, nthawi zina ma virus amenewa amasintha ndikusintha, ndipo pali kuthekera kuti amatha kupatsiranso anthu.

Asayansi adapeza kachilombo ka coronavirus koyamba pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1960. Kuyambira pamenepo, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya kachilombo ka coronavirus yapezeka yomwe ingayambitse matenda kwa anthu. Inayi mwa iyi imayambitsa zizindikiro zochepa, zofanana ndi chimfine wamba. Komabe, zitatu zina ndi zoopsa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina zimatha kupha anthu. Izi zitatu ndi izi:

• `SARS-CoV` (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus): Izi zinapezeka mu 2003. Mungakumbukire kuti panthawiyo, panali mantha ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
• `MERS-CoV` (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus): Iyi ndi yomwe tikukamba pano. Inapezeka mu 2012.
• `SARS-CoV-2`: Iyi ndi kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matenda a `COVID-19` omwe tonse takhala tikulimbana nawo posachedwapa.

Kodi MERS ndi yofala bwanji?

Kodi matendawa amatchedwa MERS? Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO), kuyambira mu Januwale 2020, milandu 2,519 yokha ya MERS yanenedwa padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 2012. Ngakhale kuti odwalawa anenedwa kuchokera kumayiko 27, 80% ya odwalawa, kutanthauza asanu ndi atatu mwa khumi, anenedwa kuchokera ku Saudi Arabia. Monga ena onse, izi zachitika atapita kumayiko aku Arabian Peninsula, kutanthauza mayiko monga Iraq, Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, ndi Syria, kapena atakhala kumeneko. Popeza dziko lathu likupita kumayiko awa kukagwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kudziwa izi. Ngakhale ku United States, odwala awiri okha a MERS anenedwa. Onsewa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala, omwe adapita ku Saudi Arabia.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a MERS?

Tiyeni tiwone omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a MERS. Taganizirani izi:

• Kwa iwo omwe adapita ku Arabian Peninsula posachedwapa (monga Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates).
• Kwa iwo amene adapita ku Arabian Peninsula ndipo adakumana ndi munthu amene adadwala pambuyo pake.
• Kwa iwo omwe adakumana ndi munthu amene watsimikizika kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka `MERS-CoV`.
• Ngati ndinu wogwira ntchito zachipatala , mwagwira ntchito limodzi ndi wodwala wa MERS ndipo simunatsatire njira zoyenera zopewera matenda.
• Kwa iwo amene adakumanapo ndi ngamila mwachindunji, kapena omwe adadya nyama ya ngamila yosaphikidwa, kapena omwe adamwa mkaka wa ngamila wosaphikidwa. (Izi sizofunika kwenikweni ku Sri Lanka, koma ndizofunikira kwa iwo omwe akupita ku Middle East).

Kodi kachilombo ka MERS kanachokera kuti?

Ganizirani komwe mavairasi awa amachokera. Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti matenda monga MERS, SARS, ndi COVID-19 anayamba mwa mileme, kenako anafalikira ku nyama zina, ndipo pamapeto pake kwa anthu.

• Pakadali pano akukhulupirira kuti kachilombo ka MERS-CoV kanayamba kuchokera ku mileme kupita ku ngamila komanso kuchokera ku ngamila kupita kwa anthu .
• Kachilombo ka SARS-CoV kanabwera kwa anthu kudzera mu mbalame ya civet (nyama yaying'ono yoyamwitsa yomwe imapezeka ku Africa ndi Asia).
• Asayansi sakudziwabe bwino lomwe kuti kachilombo ka COVID-19 kanachokera ku nyama iti yomwe kamapezeka mwa anthu.

Kodi MERS imafalikira bwanji?

Monga matenda ena opatsirana, kachilombo ka MERS-CoV kamakhala m'njira yathu yopumira. Chifukwa chake, kamafalikira makamaka kudzera m'madontho otulutsa mpweya pamene munthu wodwala akutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula.

MERS ndi matenda opatsirana. Komabe, sanafalikire mofulumira padziko lonse lapansi monga COVID-19. MERS imafuna kukhudzana kwambiri kuti ifalikire. Monga pakati pa achibale kapena posamalira wodwala kuchipatala. Akuluakulu azaumoyo sanaone kufalikira kwa matendawa m'dera lonselo.

Komanso, ngamila zimatha kufalitsa MERS. Ngamila ku Saudi Arabia ndi mayiko ozungulira zili ndi mitundu ya MERS yofanana ndi mitundu ya MERS yomwe imayambitsa matenda mwa anthu. Izi zikusonyeza kuti ngamila zikufalitsa MERS kwa anthu mwachangu.

Kodi zizindikiro za MERS ndi ziti?

Munthu amene ali ndi MERS sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Kapena, akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa zofanana ndi chimfine wamba. Komabe, nthawi zina zimatha kukhala matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso oopsa. MERS nthawi zambiri imayambitsa zizindikiro za kupuma monga:

• Chifuwa
• Malungo (mwina malungo aakulu)
• Kupuma movutikira

Anthu ena anenanso za zizindikiro monga kutsegula m'mimba, nseru, ndi kusanza. Zizindikiro za MERS nthawi zambiri zimayamba mkati mwa masiku awiri mpaka khumi ndi anayi kuchokera pamene kachilomboka kakufalikira.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani oopsa omwe angabwere chifukwa cha MERS?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mavuto omwe angachitike ngati MERS yakula kwambiri. Apa ndi pomwe tiyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri. Pa milandu yoopsa, MERS imatha kukhala chibayo , kulephera kupuma, komanso kufunikira kwa mpweya wabwino . Zingayambitsenso kulephera kwa impso.

Chiŵerengero cha imfa cha MERS chimanenedwa kuti chili pafupifupi 35%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa atatu aliwonse omwe amadwala MERS amafa. Komabe, izi zitha kukhala zochepa kwambiri. Chiwerengerochi sichikuphatikizapo odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa, omwe sanapezeke ndi matendawa kapena omwe sananenedwe.

Matendawa amakhala oopsa kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena omwe amafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Mwachitsanzo:

• Khansa
• Matenda a mtima osatha
• Matenda a impso osatha
• Matenda a m'mapapo osatha (monga mphumu, COPD)
• Matenda a Shuga (`Diabetes Mellitus`)
• Anthu okalamba

Kodi MERS imapezedwa bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za kupuma monga kutentha thupi, chifuwa, komanso kupuma movutikira, dokotala wanu adzakufunsani za mbiri yanu yachipatala. Onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu ngati mwapitako posachedwa, makamaka ku Middle East, kapena mwakumana ndi anthu odwala kapena ngamila.

Mayeso apadera a labotale angachitike kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka MERS kapena kale. Dokotala wanu angatenge zitsanzo zingapo, monga:

• Chitsanzo cha njira yopumira m'munsi: Mungapemphedwe kuti mutenge makoswe (kapena phlegm) m'chidebe. Kapena, dokotala wanu angaike chubu chopyapyala komanso chosinthasintha (bronchoscope) pakhosi panu kuti atenge chitsanzo cha makoswe m'mapapu anu.
• Chitsanzo cha njira yopumira m'mwamba: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo kuchokera mkati mwa mphuno kapena pakhosi pogwiritsa ntchito swab.
• Chitsanzo cha seramu: Seramu ndi gawo lamadzimadzi la magazi anu. Dokotala amatenga chitsanzo cha magazi anu ndikuchizungulira mu makina othamanga kwambiri (centrifuge). Kenako seramuyo imalekanitsidwa ndi maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet. Seramu iyi imayesedwa kuti ione ngati pali ma antibodies omwe apangidwa motsutsana ndi kachilomboka.

Si ma laboratories onse omwe ali ndi chilolezo choyesa MERS-CoV. Dokotala wanu angatumize chitsanzocho ku labotale ya dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ya boma lanu kapena ku malo apadera, monga Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Kodi MERS imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala enieni ovomerezeka a MERS. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, palibe mankhwala enieni omwe angaphe kachilomboka. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chithandizo chothandizira, chomwe chimathandiza kuwongolera zizindikiro zanu pamene thupi lanu likulimbana ndi matendawa.

• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zochepa , mutha kupuma kunyumba ndikumwa mankhwala monga paracetamol kuti muchepetse ululu ndi malungo.
• Komabe, ngati matendawa ndi aakulu, mungafunike kupita kuchipatala. Ngati zili choncho, mungachite zinthu monga:
• Perekani madzi m'mitsempha (IV fluids) (kuletsa kusowa madzi m'thupi).
• Kupereka mpweya wowonjezera (pa vuto la kupuma).
• Ngati kupuma sikungatheke, mpweya wopumira umayikidwa m'makina.
• Ngati impso zalephera, dialysis ingathenso kuchitidwa.

Kodi mungatani kuti MERS isafalikire kwa ena? (Ngati muli ndi MERS)

Ngati mukudziwa kapena mukuganiza kuti muli ndi MERS, muyenera kuchita zinthu izi kuti mupewe kufalitsa matendawa kwa ena:

• Khalani panyumba nthawi yomweyo. Khalani m'chipinda chosiyana ndi anthu ena. Ngati n'kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito bafa losiyana.
• Sambani m'manja mwanu pafupipafupi ndi sopo ndi madzi (kwa masekondi osachepera 20). Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito sanitizer ya m'manja, iyenera kukhala ndi mowa wosachepera 60%.
• Valani chophimba nkhope mukakhala m'chipinda ndi anthu ena.
• Phimbani pakamwa ndi mphuno yanu ndi pepala la mankhwala mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula. Tayani pepala la mankhwala lomwe mwagwiritsa ntchito mu chidebe chotsekedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikusambanso m'manja.
• Imbani dokotala wanu musanapite kukawaona ndipo muwauze kuti mwina muli ndi MERS kuti atenge njira zoyenera zodzitetezera.
• Ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira, mwachitsanzo, ngati mukuvutika kupuma kwambiri, imbani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi zochita zachizolowezi zingayambire liti?

Ngati mukumva bwino tsopano, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za nthawi yomwe mungayambirenso kuchita zinthu zachizolowezi. Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo yapafupi kapena dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ya m'chigawo chanu idzakupatsani malangizo a nthawi yomwe muyenera kukhala panyumba kuti mupewe kufalitsa MERS kwa ena. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika mpaka zizindikiro zanu zitatha ndipo mutapezeka kuti mulibe kachilomboka.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku MERS? (Njira zopewera)

Pakadali pano palibe katemera wa MERS. Njira zodzitetezera ku MERS ndizofanana ndi za matenda ena onse opumira:

• Sambani m'manja mwanu nthawi zonse ndi sopo. Onetsetsani kuti mwasamba m'manja mukatuluka, musanadye, komanso mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi.
• Mukatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, phimbani pakamwa panu ndi mphuno yanu ndi pepala kapena mkati mwa chigongono chanu.
• Pewani kukhudza maso, mphuno, ndi pakamwa panu ndi manja anu momwe mungathere.
• Pewani kukhudzana kwambiri ndi anthu odwala.
• Sungani malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi (zogwirira zitseko, matebulo, mafoni) oyera ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Pofuna kupewa matenda a MERS, makamaka ochokera ku ngamila, chitani izi (kwa iwo omwe akupita kumayiko ngati Middle East):

• Onetsetsani kuti mwasamba m'manja mukamaliza kugwira ngamila. Pewani kukhudzana ndi ngamila zodwala zivute zitani.
• Pewani kudya mkaka wa ngamila wosaphikidwa bwino komanso nyama ya ngamila yosaphikidwa bwino.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda aakulu (monga matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima), kapena chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, pewani kupita kumadera komwe kuli ngamila kapena kuyanjana ndi ngamila.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji posamalira munthu amene ali ndi MERS?

Ngati mukukhala kapena kusamalira munthu amene ali ndi MERS, akuluakulu azaumoyo akulangizani kuti mutenge njira zina zodzitetezera:

• Onetsetsani kuti mwavala chophimba nkhope, diresi, ndi magolovesi mukakhudza madzi amthupi la munthuyo (monga mamina, malovu) kapena madzi otuluka m'thupi.
• Valani magolovesi mukatsuka mbale, matawulo, zofunda, ndi zovala. Tsukani padera ndi zinthu za ena. Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino mukachotsa magolovesi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati MERS ichitika? (Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri)

Ngati simunapite ku Arabian Peninsula, kapena ngati munapitako ndipo simunakumanepo ndi munthu amene ali ndi zizindikiro, mwayi wanu woti mutenge MERS ndi wochepa kwambiri. Musadandaule.

Komabe, ngati mutadwala MERS, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda aakulu, makamaka ngati muli ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo, monga tafotokozera kale. Dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani mosamala ndikupereka chithandizo chothandizira kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za MERS (malungo, chifuwa, kupuma movutikira) ndipo mukuganiza kuti mwina mwakumanapo ndi kachilombo ka MERS-CoV (monga, mwapita ku Middle East posachedwapa, mwakumana ndi munthu amene anakhudza ngamila), muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Zizindikiro za MERS zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri komanso zoopsa kwa moyo. Choncho, ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira, imbani dokotala wanu kapena pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Zinthu zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera munkhaniyi (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera m'nkhani yayitali iyi:

• MERS ndi matenda osowa koma omwe angakhale oopsa kwambiri okhudza kupuma. Sizingakhale zotheka kuti matendawa atengedwe popanda kupita ku Arabian Peninsula kapena kukhudzana kwambiri ndi munthu amene wakhalapo ndipo ali ndi zizindikiro.
• Ngati mukukonzekera kupita ku Arabian Peninsula, onetsetsani kuti mukuchita ukhondo wamba. Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri, pewani kukhudza nkhope yanu, ndipo samalani ndi ngamila. Pewani mkaka wa ngamila wosaphika ndi nyama ya ngamila yosaphikidwa bwino.
• Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi MERS, imbani dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Akhoza kuchita mayeso ofunikira ndikukupatsani malangizo amomwe mungathanirane ndi matendawa ndikuletsa kuti asafalikire kwa ena.
• Kudziwa bwino matendawa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera. Kudziwa bwino za matendawa kumatithandiza kudziteteza ku matendawa.

Kotero, ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

` MERS, coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome, matenda opuma, ngamila, kachilombo, zizindikiro