Kodi tikambirane za kukonza ma valve a Mitral?

Ndizachilendo kumva mantha pang'ono komanso mantha dokotala wanu akakuuzani za opaleshoni ya mtima, makamaka kukonza valavu ya mitral. "Opaleshoni iyi ndi chiyani?", "N'chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika kuchita izi?", "Kodi ndi yoopsa?", ndi zina zotero. Mafunso ambiri mwina amabwera m'maganizo mwanga. Lero, tikambirana zonsezi m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi valavu ya mitral iyi ndi chiyani? Kodi kuikonza kumatanthauza chiyani?

Ganizirani mtima wanu ngati nyumba yokhala ndi zipinda zinayi. "Chitseko" chomwe chili kumbali yakumanzere ya mtima pakati pa chipinda chapamwamba (atrium yakumanzere) ndi chipinda chapansi (ventricle yakumanzere) chimatchedwa Mitral Valve . Chitsekochi chimatseguka kuti magazi okhala ndi mpweya wochuluka kuchokera m'mapapo alowe mu ventricle yakumanzere. Kenako ventricle yakumanzere imapompa magazi kupita ku thupi lonse.

Choncho mavuto amayamba pamene valavu iyi, valavu ya mitral, sigwira ntchito bwino. Pakapita nthawi, izi zitha kuwononga mtima ndi mapapo. Kukonza valavu ya mitral kumaphatikizapo opaleshoni yotsegula mtima kuti akonze vuto la valavu iyi. Madokotala nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukonza valavu yanu m'malo moisintha kwathunthu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ili ndi maubwino ambiri komanso zoopsa zochepa.

Kodi opaleshoniyi ikufunika pazochitika ziti?

Dokotala angaganizire opaleshoni iyi m'matenda atatu akuluakulu.

Ngati mbali yakumanzere ya mtima wanu (ventricle yakumanzere) yachepetsa kuyenda kwa magazi m'thupi lanu (kulephera kwa mtima kumbali yakumanzere) kapena ngati mtima wanu wakula, opaleshoniyi ingafunikenso. Komabe, ngati matendawa ali pachiyambi, akhoza kuthetsedwa ndi mankhwala. Dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amakujambulani echocardiogram kuti aone momwe mtima wanu ulili.

Kodi mumakonzekera bwanji musanachite opaleshoni?

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo omwe gulu lanu lachipatala limakupatsirani musanachite opaleshoni. Angakuuzeni zinthu monga:

• Mudzapemphedwa kuti musiye kumwa mankhwala enaake, makamaka mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana (monga aspirin, warfarin), milungu ingapo opaleshoni isanachitike.
• Ngati mumasuta, zidzakuthandizani kusiya .
• Usiku usanachitike opaleshoni, mudzapemphedwa kusamba thupi lanu ndi sopo wopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Adzakuuzani mankhwala omwe muyenera kumwa m'mawa wa opaleshoni.
• Mudzapemphedwa kuti musiye kudya ndi kumwa patatha nthawi inayake patsiku la opaleshoni.

Kodi kwenikweni chimachitika n’chiyani pa opaleshoni?

Popeza iyi ndi opaleshoni ya mtima, mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu ndikugona. Kuti musamve chilichonse. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika panthawi ya opaleshoni, mwachidule:

1. Kuletsa kupweteka: Izi zimakupangitsani kugona tulo tofa nato, osamva kupweteka kulikonse.

2. Makina odulira: Pa opaleshoni, mudzalumikizidwa ku makina apadera otchedwa ``Cardiopulmonary Bypass Machine'' kuti agwire ntchito ya mtima ndi mapapo anu kwakanthawi.

3. Kuduladula: Dokotala wa opaleshoni amaduladula pachifuwa. Kukula kwa kudulaku kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni yomwe ikuchitidwa.

4. Kukonza ma valavu: Dokotala wa opaleshoni amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti akonze vuto la valavu yanu ya mitral. Nthawi zambiri, mphete yopangidwa ndi nsalu (annuloplasty ring) imayikidwa mozungulira valavu kuti igwirizire. Izi zimabwezeretsa valavuyo pamalo ake abwinobwino.

5. Kuyang'anira: Valavu imafufuzidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti yakonzedwa bwino. Kusintha kwina kumachitika ngati pakufunika.

6. Kutsitsimutsa thupi: Mwachotsedwa mu makina odulira mpweya ndipo mtima ndi mapapo anu ayambiranso kugwira ntchito.

7. Kuyang'ana komaliza:Mayeso apadera otchedwa Transesophageal Echocardiogram (Echocardiogram) amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana valavu ndikutsimikizira ngati opaleshoniyo idapambana.

Kodi njira zotani zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa opaleshoniyi ndi ziti?

Madokotala ochita opaleshoni amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pa izi. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kudula pachifuwa kungakhale kosiyana.

• Kuchekedwa kwakukulu pakati pa chifuwa (Full Sternotomy)
• Kuchekedwa pang'ono kwa chifuwa (partial sternotomy)
• Kudula pang'ono pakati pa nthiti ziwiri (Kumanja kwa Thoracotomy)
• Opaleshoni ya robotic imachitika mwa kudula pang'ono pakati pa nthiti.

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzera valavu. Izi zikuphatikizapo kudula ziwalo zowonongeka ndi kusoka ziwalo zotsalazo, kapena kusintha chordae ndi ulusi wapadera wopangidwa monga Gore-Tex® ngati chordae ndi yotayirira. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pambuyo pa opaleshoni? Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire?

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, muyenera kukhala mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU) kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Kumeneko, gulu lachipatala lidzayang'anira bwino kugunda kwa mtima wanu ndi kupuma kwanu. Pambuyo pake, mudzakhala mu chipinda chokhazikika kwa masiku angapo musanapite kunyumba. Zimatenga milungu inayi mpaka isanu ndi itatu kuti muchire bwino. Anthu ena angatenge nthawi yayitali.

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza liwiro la kuchira kwanu:

• Kuopsa kwa matenda a mtima wanu musanachite opaleshoni.
• Thanzi lanu lonse musanachite opaleshoni.
• Njira yogwiritsira ntchito opaleshoni.

Mukabwerera kunyumba, khalani ndi zolinga zazing'ono ndipo pang'onopang'ono mubwerere ku zochita zanu zachizolowezi. Pumulani mokwanira. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani nthawi yomwe mungayambe kuyendetsa galimoto, kunyamula zolemera, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kodi ubwino wa kukonzanso nyumba ndi wotani? Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse?

Pali ubwino wambiri wokonza valavu m'malo moisintha.

• Mwayi wochuluka wopulumuka komanso kupulumuka kwa nthawi yayitali mutachitidwa opaleshoni.
• Chitetezo chabwino cha ntchito ya mtima.
• Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mavuto monga sitiroko ndi endocarditis.
• Palibe chifukwa chotenga mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka magazi kwa moyo wanu wonse.

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi opaleshoni zonse, pali zoopsa. Mwachitsanzo, kugunda kwa mtima kosazolowereka (arrhythmias), kutuluka magazi, ndi matenda enaake kungachitike. Komabe, dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni opaleshoniyi ngati ubwino wa opaleshoniyo ndi woposa zoopsa zake.Chifukwa amakhulupirira zimenezo. Akuti ngakhale patatha zaka 10 kuchokera pamene opaleshoniyi inachitika, anthu pafupifupi 94% sakhalanso ndi vuto lalikulu la valavu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iyi ndi njira yopambana kwambiri komanso yokhalitsa.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti nditachita opaleshoni?

Ndi zachilendo kumva kusasangalala panthawi yochira. Komabe, ngati mukukumana ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi, zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha vuto. Zikatero, imbani dokotala wanu kapena pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse yokhudza chizindikiro china, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu za chizindikirocho. N'zolimbikitsa kudziwa kuti si vuto lalikulu.