Tiyeni tiphunzire za mphamvu yodabwitsa yodzitetezera m'thupi lanu: Chitetezo Chachilengedwe!

Kodi munayamba mwamvapo ngati simukukhudzidwa mosavuta ndi matenda enaake mutachira kwa masiku angapo? Nthawi zina, ngakhale mutadwalanso, mudzachira mwachangu osati moyipa monga kale. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi chimatchedwa Natural Immunity . Lero, tikambirana mwachidule za izi ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito mkati mwa matupi athu.

Kodi Chitetezo Chachilengedwe N'chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, chitetezo chachilengedwe ndi chitetezo chomwe thupi lathu limakhala nacho polimbana ndi matenda titachira. Tangoganizirani, mukadwala, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimadzuka mwadzidzidzi . Chomwe chimachita ndikulimbana mwamphamvu kuti muchotse wolowa m'thupi - kaya ndi kachilombo kapena mabakiteriya - omwe alowa m'thupi lanu.

Pankhondoyi, matupi athu amapanga mapuloteni apadera otchedwa ma antibodies . Ma antibodies amenewa ali ngati asilikali ang'onoang'ono omwe amafunafuna wolowa m'thupi ndikumuwononga. Ma antibodies akamalamulira matenda mwanjira imeneyi, mumakhala bwino. Koma nkhaniyi siimatha pamenepo.

Mukachira, mkati mwa thupi lanu, maselo ang'onoang'ono a chitetezo chamthupi - otchedwa ma memory cell - amakumbukira matenda omwe adachitika kale. Izi zili choncho chifukwa, akamalimbana ndi matendawa, amaphunzira kuzindikira chizindikiro chapadera cha wolowa m'thupi, chotchedwa antigen .

Maselo okumbukira awa amakhalabe ndi moyo kachilombo katatha. Ntchito yawo yokha ndikuyang'anira dera kuti aone ngati antigen yochokera kwa wolowa m'malo wakale yabwerera. Ngati wolowa m'maloyo abwerera, maselo okumbukira awa amayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu, kuchenjeza maselo ena oteteza thupi, ndikuchotsa mwachangu - nthawi zina popanda inu kuzindikira.

Tangoganizirani udzu woipa ukumera m'munda mwanu. Mukawuchotsa, mumakumbukira mawonekedwe ake. Ngati udzuwo wameranso kwina, mutha kuwuzindikira mwachangu ndikuwuchotsa usanawononge zomera zina. Umu ndi momwe zilili ndi izi.

Maselo okumbukira awa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo chachilengedwe. Koma, kuti thupi lanu lipange maselo okumbukira awa, liyenera choyamba kukumana ndi wolowa m'thupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chachilengedwe chimakula pokhapokha mutadwala ndikuchira.

Kuti timvetse bwino ntchito ya chitetezo chachilengedwe ichi pa chitetezo chathu chonse cha mthupi, ndi bwino kudziwa pang'ono za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitetezo cha mthupi.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya chitetezo chamthupi!

Izi zili ngati njira ziwiri zazikulu zodzitetezera ku thupi lathu.

1. Chitetezo Chobadwa Nacho: Uwu ndiye chitetezo choyamba chomwe thupi lathu limakhala nacho pamene woukira akuyesera kulowa.Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga khungu lathu, nembanemba ya ntchofu m'mphuno ndi pakhosi pathu, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo (monga maselo achilengedwe opha). Maselo amenewa amazindikira olowa ndipo amawaukira nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, maselo amenewa sakumbukira olowawo nkhondo ikatha. Amaukira olowa onse mofanana. Nthawi zina izi zimatha kulamulira matenda okha. Ngati sizigwira ntchito, maselo oteteza thupi awa amapempha thandizo - kutanthauza, kuchokera ku maselo oteteza thupi omwe amatha kusintha.

2. Chitetezo Chosinthika: Uwu ndi mzere wodzitetezera womwe umazindikira, kuyang'ana, kukumbukira, ndi kuwukira olowa m'malo enaake. Maselo apadera - monga maselo a T ndi maselo a B - amagwira ntchito limodzi kuzindikira ndikuwononga ma antigen omwe si athu. Makamaka maselo okumbukira ndi omwe ali ngwazi pano , chifukwa adapulumuka matenda am'mbuyomu ndipo amatha kuyankha mwachangu matenda otsatira.

Anthu ambiri akamanena za "chitetezo chamthupi," kwenikweni amatanthauza mtundu wa chitetezo chamthupi chosinthika. Chitetezo chanu chamthupi mwachibadwa chimapanga mapuloteni ndi ma antibodies enaake omwe amalimbana ndi olowa m'thupi enaake ndipo "amakumbukira" olowa m'thupiwo. Njirayi imakonzekeretsa thupi lanu kuzindikira ndikulimbana ndi olowa m'thupiwo mtsogolo.

Ndiye kodi Natural Active Immunity iyi ndi chiyani?

Chitetezo chachilengedwe cha mthupi ndi chitetezo chomwe mumapeza kuchokera ku ma antibodies omwe chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimapanga poyankha matenda. Izi ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi chitetezo champhamvu chomwe chimachokera ku katemera , chomwe ndi chitetezo chomwe chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimapanga poyankha zinthu (monga mavairasi kapena tinthu ta bakiteriya) m'ma katemera ena.

Kodi Chitetezo Chachilengedwe Chopanda Mphamvu N'chiyani?

Chitetezo chachilengedwe cha thupi ndi chitetezo chomwe mwana amalandira kuchokera kwa makolo ake panthawi ya mimba kapena poyamwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi pakati, mumapatsa mwana wanu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma antibodies kudzera mu placenta. Mwana wanu akabadwa, ngati muyamwitsa, mumapatsa mwana wanu mitundu ina ya ma antibodies kudzera mu mkaka wanu. Kusamutsa ma antibodies kumeneku kumateteza mwana wanu ku majeremusi oopsa mpaka chitetezo cha mthupi cha mwana wanu chitakhala chokonzeka kupanga ma antibodies amenewa.

Chitetezo chamthupi chopanda mphamvu chingapezekenso mwa kupanga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma antibodies amaperekedwa ngati katemera wa matenda. Mwachitsanzo, ma antibodies a monoclonal ndi ma antibodies a polyclonal amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Pazochitikazi, asayansi amapanga ma antibodies awa mu labotale kapena kuwapeza kuchokera ku ziweto.

Kodi chitetezo chachilengedwe chimakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mumatetezedwa ku matenda enaake opatsirana kumasiyana malinga ndi matendawa komanso thanzi lanu lonse, makamaka ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili chofooka.

Nthawi zina, matenda amodzi okha ndi omwe amapereka chitetezo chachilengedwe kwa moyo wonse. Zitsanzo za matenda oterewa "omwe amangochitika kamodzi kokha" ndi chikuku ndi chiwindi cha chiwindi A.

Nthawi zina, chitetezo chachilengedwe chomwe thupi lanu limapanga chimakutetezani kwa kanthawi kochepa. Ndicho chifukwa chake mutha kutenga matenda ena - monga chimfine, COVID-19, ndi chimfine - kangapo m'moyo wanu. Chitetezo chanu chachilengedwe chimangokhala cha mtundu winawake wa kachilomboka. Koma mavairasi amasintha nthawi zonse kuti apewe chitetezo chathu.

Chitetezo chachilengedwe ndi katemera - kusiyana kwake ndi kotani?

Chitetezo chachilengedwe komanso chitetezo chamthupi choyambitsidwa ndi katemera ndi njira zodzitetezera. M'zochitika zonsezi, chitetezo chamthupi chanu chimapanga ma antibodies ndi ma T-cell. Komabe, amapanga izi poyankha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa maselo anu a chitetezo chamthupi.

• Ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa thupi lanu kuti likhale ndi chitetezo chachilengedwe.
• Zinthu zomwe zili mu katemera - majeremusi ofooka, mapuloteni, kapena mRNA - ndi zomwe zimapangitsa chitetezo chamthupi chomwe katemera amapereka.

Anthu ambiri akalandira katemera wa matenda enaake opatsirana mwachibadwa, tikhoza kupeza zomwe ofufuza amatcha kuti herd immunity . Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa amasiya kufalikira chifukwa anthu ambiri ali ndi chitetezo ku matendawa. Katemera ndiye njira yotetezeka kwambiri yopezera chitetezo cha ziweto.

Kodi ndingatani kuti ndilimbitse chitetezo cha mthupi langa mwachibadwa?

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti mulimbikitse chitetezo chamthupi chanu ndikuchithandiza kuti chigwire ntchito bwino. Kuyambira kugona mokwanira mpaka kudya zakudya zokhala ndi michere yambiri yolimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi, mungathandize chitetezo chanu chamthupi kudziteteza ku mavairasi ndi majeremusi ena omwe angakudwalitseni. (Tidzakambirana izi m'nkhani ina!)

Tiyeni tiphunzire za chitetezo chachilengedwe ku COVID-19

Chitetezo chachilengedwe ku COVID-19 ndi chitetezo chomwe thupi lanu limamanga ku matenda amtsogolo mukachira ku kachilombo ka COVID-19. Kachilomboka kamaphunzitsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi kuzindikira ndikuwononga kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa COVID-19 ngati kalowanso m'thupi lanu.

Komabe, akatswiri a matenda opatsirana amagogomezera kuti simuyenera kudalira chitetezo chachilengedwe chokha kuti mudziteteze nokha ndi banja lanu.M'malo mwake, pezani katemera wa COVID-19 monga momwe dokotala wanu adakulangizirani. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa izi:

• COVID-19 ndi matenda osayembekezereka. Simungathe kudziwa nthawi zonse momwe kachilomboka kadzakhudzire thupi lanu, momwe mudzadwalire, kapena zotsatira zake za nthawi yayitali, monga COVID yayitali, zidzachitike. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti matenda a COVID-19 angayambitse thupi lanu kupanga ma antibodies . Awa ndi ma antibodies omwe amaukira maselo anu athanzi. Izi zingayambitsenso matenda a autoimmune .
• Kumbali inayi, katemera amakupatsani chitetezo chodziwikiratu, chotetezeka, komanso chodalirika. Zotsatirapo zilizonse zimakhala zakanthawi kochepa ndipo sizimayambitsa mavuto kwa nthawi yayitali. Kafukufuku sanawonetse kulumikizana pakati pa katemera ndi chitukuko cha ma antibodies a autoimmune.

• Chitetezo chachilengedwe ku COVID-19 chimasintha pamene kachilomboka kakusintha. Kachilombo kakasintha, kamapanga mtundu wina , mtundu watsopano wa kachilomboka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chitetezo chachilengedwe kuchokera ku mtundu umodzi wa COVID sichingatsimikizidwe kuti chingateteze ku mitundu ina yonse.
• Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mitundu yakale - mpaka ku Delta - inapatsa anthu chitetezo chachilengedwe champhamvu komanso chokhalitsa kwa miyezi ingapo mutatenga kachilomboka. Mumalandirabe chitetezo chachilengedwe kuchokera ku Omicron ndi mitundu yake, koma sichingakhale champhamvu kapena chokhalitsa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mitundu yatsopanoyi "ili ndi chitetezo champhamvu chamthupi." Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi yanzeru kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuletsa chitetezo chamthupi chamthupi lanu mosavuta. Katemera amasinthidwa chaka chilichonse kuti athane ndi vuto la Covid lomwe lilipo.

Choncho, m'malo mongodalira chitetezo chachilengedwe chokha, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za katemera wa COVID-19. Katemera amapatsa thupi lanu chitetezo champhamvu komanso chogwira ntchito, popanda chiopsezo cha matenda aakulu, kugonekedwa m'chipatala, kapena imfa zomwe matenda enieni angayambitse. Madokotala amalangiza kuti mulandire katemera ngakhale mutakhala ndi COVID-19.

Kodi chitetezo chachilengedwe cha Covid-19 chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Zimadalira zinthu zingapo. Anthu ambiri amatetezedwa ku matenda ena kwa miyezi ingapo. Koma chitetezo chachilengedwechi chimachepa pakapita nthawi. Ngati muli ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, thupi lanu silingathe kupanga chitetezo chachilengedwe chokwanira pambuyo pa matenda. Chifukwa chake, mutha kudwalanso mwachangu kuposa ena.

Kawirikawiri, chitetezo chachilengedwe ku matenda a COVID-19 chingapereke chitetezo champhamvu ku matenda oopsa komanso kugona m'chipatala. Panthawi imeneyo, mutha kudwalanso COVID-19, koma matendawa sangachepe kwambiri. Tidzaphunzira zambiri pamene ofufuza akuphunzira mitundu yatsopano ndi njira zodziwira matenda obwerezabwereza.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti kukhala ndi COVID-19 sikukutetezani ku mavairasi ena ofala, monga chimfine kapena RSV, kapena matenda ofala a bakiteriya monga strep throat. Matenda aliwonse amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo kosiyana. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mutakhala ndi chitetezo chachilengedwe cha COVID-19 kwakanthawi kochepa, ndibwinobe kuchitapo kanthu kuti mudziteteze nokha ndi banja lanu ku majeremusi osiyanasiyana oopsa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusamba m'manja pafupipafupi, kuvala chigoba m'malo ochezera anthu, komanso kupewa anthu odwala.

Kuti mupeze upangiri woyenera kwa inu, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala amene akudziwani bwino mbiri yanu yachipatala. Angakupatseni upangiri pa zomwe mungayembekezere mutatenga kachilombo ka COVID-19 komanso momwe mungadzitetezere.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Mukadwala, simungaganize za maselo ang'onoang'ono omwe ali m'thupi lanu akumenyana. Koma ndicho chomwe chimachitika. Chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chikagonjetsa kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, mumakhala ndi chitetezo chachilengedwe chomwe chingakhalepo kwa miyezi ingapo, zaka, kapena moyo wonse.

Komabe, chitetezo chachilengedwe chokha sichingathe kuchita chilichonse. Nthawi zambiri, sichikhalapo kwamuyaya. Komanso, mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya ena amatha kukudwalitsani kwambiri - kotero ndi bwino kumanga chitetezo chamthupi kudzera mu katemera m'zochitika zotere. Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni zambiri za momwe chitetezo chachilengedwe chingakuthandizireni kukutetezani ku matenda ena ofala, komanso zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino. Kumbukirani nthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wachipatala popanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi thanzi lanu!

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