Tiyeni tiphunzire za namwino wopereka mankhwala oletsa ululu (CRNA) amene amapereka mankhwala oletsa ululu pa opaleshoni.

Ngati munachitidwapo opaleshoni, kapena ngati munthu amene mumamudziwa anachitidwapo opaleshoni, mwina munamvapo mawu akuti "anesthesia." Nthawi zina mungakhale ndi mantha pang'ono ndi anesthesia iyi. Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti pali anthu omwe aphunzitsidwa mwapadera kuti akutetezeni komanso kuti musamve ululu panthawi ya opaleshoni? Lero tikambirana za munthu mmodzi wotere, "Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist" (CRNA) .

Kodi Namwino Wovomerezeka Wopereka Mankhwala Oletsa Kugonetsa (CRNA) uyu ndi ndani?

Mwachidule, CRNA (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist) ndi namwino wodziwa bwino ntchito yake yemwe waphunzitsidwa bwino kupereka mankhwala oletsa ululu ndi mankhwala ena ofanana nawo. Nthawi zina timawatcha "anamwino oletsa ululu." Amasamalira ndi kuyang'anira anthu omwe akulandira mankhwala oletsa ululu kapena omwe akuchira pambuyo pa mankhwala oletsa ululu.

Ndiye kodi "anesthesia" iyi ndi chiyani?

Tangoganizirani kuti mukuchitidwa opaleshoni kapena mukuchitidwa opaleshoni yachipatala. Anesthesia ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chimakuthandizani kuti musamve ululu. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anesthesia. Mankhwala ena oletsa ululu amangopangitsa kuti thupi lanu lisamve kupweteka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti simukumva chilichonse. Mankhwala ena amakhudza ubongo wanu ndikukugonetsani tulo tofa nato, kotero simukumva chilichonse panthawi ya opaleshoni. Chifukwa chake, CRNA ili ndi maphunziro apadera komanso chidziwitso chakuya choperekera anesthesia mosamala komanso molondola.

Kodi Namwino Wolembetsedwa Wogwira Ntchito Yapamwamba (APRN) ndi ndani?

Namwino Wolembetsedwa Wapamwamba (APRN) ndi namwino wolembetsedwa amene walandira digiri ya Master's kapena Doctoral, kupitirira digiri ya unamwino wamba, ndipo waphunzitsidwa kuchita ntchito inayake ndi odwala. Ali ndi maphunziro apadera ndi satifiketi yowunikira, kuzindikira, ndi kuthana ndi mavuto azachipatala. Alinso ndi chilolezo choyitanitsa mayeso ndikupereka mankhwala.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma APRN. Mwachitsanzo:

• Dokotala Wovomerezeka Wopereka Mankhwala Oletsa Kupweteka (CRNA) - amene tikukamba za iye lero.
• Namwino Wovomerezeka (CNP) - Amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala choyambira monga dokotala wa banja.
• Katswiri wa Namwino Wachipatala (CNS) - Awa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chakuya cha matenda enaake kapena gulu la odwala.
• Namwino Wovomerezeka Wosamalira Anamwino (CNM) - Amene amathandiza amayi apakati komanso panthawi yobereka.

CRNA yomwe tikukamba lero ndi munthu amene ali m'gulu la anamwino oyenerera kwambiri lotchedwa APRN.

Kodi namwino wogonetsa anthu ogonetsa (CRNA) amachita chiyani?

Pali maudindo angapo omwe CRNA imapatsidwa. Izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

• Kuphunzitsa wodwala musanapereke mankhwala oletsa ululu: Musanapatsidwe mankhwala oletsa ululu pa opaleshoni kapena opaleshoni, mudzadziwitsidwa bwino za izi. Chilichonse chidzafotokozedwa, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa mankhwala oletsa ululu omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zidzachitike, ndi zomwe mungayembekezere. Mudzauzidwanso zomwe mungamve mutapereka mankhwala oletsa ululu komanso njira zomwe muyenera kuchita.
• Kuwunika momwe thupi lanu limayankhira pa opaleshoni yoletsa kupweteka: Mukapatsidwa opaleshoni yoletsa kupweteka, thupi lanu lidzayang'aniridwa mosamala kuti lione momwe likuyankhira. Zizindikiro zanu zofunika kwambiri, monga kugunda kwa mtima wanu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya, zidzawunikidwa.
• Kuzindikira zoopsa zomwe zingachitikire munthu amene akulandira mankhwala oletsa ululu: Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi ziwengo ndi mankhwala ena oletsa ululu. Kapena angafunike chisamaliro chapadera panthawi yoletsa ululu chifukwa cha matenda ena, monga mphumu kapena matenda a shuga. CRNA idzazindikira zoopsa zotere pasadakhale, kusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri yoletsa ululu, ndikutsatira njira zodzitetezera.
• Kupereka mlingo woyenera wa mankhwala oletsa ululu: CRNA idzakhala yosamala kwambiri kuti ipereke mlingo woyenera wa mankhwala oletsa ululu, kutengera kulemera kwanu, kutalika, zaka, mtundu wa opaleshoni yomwe ikuchitidwa, komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa zochepa kwambiri zingayambitse ululu, ndipo zambiri zingayambitse zotsatira zoyipa zosafunikira.

CRNA sigwira ntchito yokha. Amagwira ntchito ngati gulu limodzi ndi opereka chithandizo chamankhwala osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo madokotala ochita opaleshoni, akatswiri ogonetsa, madokotala a mano, ndi madokotala a mapazi, kuti apereke chisamaliro cha opaleshoni kwa odwala azaka zonse ndi mitundu yonse ya opaleshoni. Amayang'anira momwe wodwalayo alili asanayambe opaleshoni, panthawi yake, komanso atatha opaleshoni.

Kodi CRNA ingagwire ntchito kuti?

CRNA ingagwire ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana azachipatala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ntchito zawo sizimangokhala pamalo amodzi okha. Mwachitsanzo:

• Zipinda zochitira opaleshoni m'zipatala (ORs).
• Zipinda Zothandizira Kuchira Pambuyo pa Anesthesia (PACU).
• Zipinda Zadzidzidzi (ERs).
• Malo Ochitira Opaleshoni ya Odwala Osapita Kuchipatala - Awa ndi malo omwe opaleshoni ingachitike popanda kukhala m'chipatala.
• Malo Operekera Chithandizo cha Kubereka ndi Kubereka - Perekani njira zochepetsera ululu monga epidurals kuti muchepetse ululu panthawi yobereka.
• Maofesi a madokotala - kwa opaleshoni zazing'ono.
• Maofesi a dokotala wa mano - kwa ochotsa mano ovuta kapena opaleshoni.

M'madera ena akumidzi m'maiko monga United States, ma CRNA nthawi zina ndi omwe amapereka mankhwala oletsa ululu m'zipatala. Kuphatikiza apo, ma CRNA ndi omwe amapereka mankhwala oletsa ululu kwa omwe akugwira ntchito m'gulu lankhondo la America. Ku Sri Lanka, kufunika ndi kuzindikira ntchito zapadera za unamwino zotere kukuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Namwino Wovomerezeka Wopereka Mankhwala Oletsa Kupweteka (CRNA) ndi Anesthesiologist?

Funso limeneli ndi lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. CRNA ndi a anesthesiologist onse amatha kupereka mankhwala oletsa ululu mosamala komanso mwaluso. Komabe, pali kusiyana pang'ono pa maphunziro awo komanso malamulo awo.

Katswiri wogonetsa anthu ogonetsa ndi munthu amene ali ndi digiri ya udokotala (`Dokotala wa Zamankhwala - MD` kapena `Dokotala wa Zamankhwala Opatsirana ndi Mafupa - DO`). Izi zikutanthauza kuti wamaliza digiri yoyambira ya udokotala monga MBBS, kenako adalandira maphunziro apadera a zaka zingapo mu opaleshoni yogonetsa anthu ogonetsa.

Komabe, CRNA ndi munthu amene wamaliza ziyeneretso zoyambira monga namwino wolembetsedwa, kenako n’kupeza digiri ya masters kapena ya udokotala yomwe imadziwika bwino ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu, ndipo wapambana mayeso opikisana kwambiri, monga "National Certification Examination for Nurse Anesthetists."

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti namwino wopereka mankhwala oletsa ululu aziona kupereka mankhwala oletsa ululu ngati njira yowonjezera ntchito ya unamwino . Dokotala wopereka mankhwala oletsa ululu aziona kupereka mankhwala oletsa ululu ngati gawo la ntchito ya zachipatala .

Komabe, kaya maphunziro awa akukhudzana ndi unamwino kapena zamankhwala, onsewa amapereka mankhwala oletsa ululu m'njira yofanana, malinga ndi miyezo yofanana yachitetezo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mankhwala, zida, ndi njira zowunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizofanana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake kaya mukupatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu ndi CRNA kapena a anesthesiologist, simuyenera kuda nkhawa za chitetezo chanu. Onsewa ndi ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso odziwa zambiri. Nthawi zina, CRNA ingagwire ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi a anesthesiologist, kapena angagwire ntchito pawokha.

Kodi munthu amakhala bwanji namwino wovomerezeka wopereka mankhwala oletsa ululu (CRNA)?

Kukhala CRNA si ulendo wophweka. Kumafuna kudzipereka kwambiri, maphunziro a nthawi yayitali, maphunziro olimba, komanso chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe njira zimenezo zili komanso momwe munthu amafikira pa izi.

1. Muyenera kukhala ndi digiri ya Bachelor mu unamwino kapena gawo lina lofanana nalo: Choyamba, muyenera kumaliza digiri ya bachelor mu unamwino ya zaka zinayi kuchokera ku yunivesite yovomerezeka.

2. Kukhala ndi chilolezo chokhala Namwino Wolembetsedwa (RN):Mukamaliza maphunziro anu, muyenera kulemba mayeso ochitidwa ndi bungwe la anamwino la dziko lomwe likuyenerera (monga ku United States of America kapena madera ake) ndikupeza chilolezo chokhala namwino wolembetsedwa.

3. Chizolowezi chogwira ntchito mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU) chaka chimodzi, nthawi zambiri choposa pamenepo: Ichi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, RN yemwe akufuna kukhala CRNA amakhala zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu akugwira ntchito mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa akukumana ndi odwala ovuta kwambiri komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Chidziwitsochi chimawathandiza kukhala ndi luso lofunikira monga kupanga zisankho mwachangu, kugwira ntchito mopanikizika, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana, komanso kusamalira mankhwala ovuta.

4. Lowani mu pulogalamu yovomerezeka ya anamwino yopereka mankhwala oletsa ululu ndipo mupeze digiri ya udokotala: Mukamaliza maphunziro a chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri, lembetsani mu pulogalamu yovomerezeka ndi boma yomwe imapereka maphunziro apadera a anamwino oletsa ululu. Mapulogalamuwa nthawi zambiri amapita ku digiri ya udokotala, yomwe imatenga pafupifupi zaka zitatu. Izi zimapereka chidziwitso chakuya cha chiphunzitso cha mankhwala oletsa ululu komanso maphunziro othandiza kwambiri.

5. Mukamaliza maphunziro anu ku pulogalamu ya mankhwala oletsa ululu a anamwino, muyenera kupambana mayeso a ``National Certification Examination for Nurse Anesthetists``: Mukangopambana mayeso awa, mudzadziwika kuti ndinu CRNA ndipo mudzapatsidwa chilolezo chopereka mankhwala oletsa ululu paokha.

Ma CRNA ena, atavomerezedwa kukhala ma CRNA, amaphunzitsidwanso ('chiyanjano') mu gawo lapadera la mankhwala oletsa ululu, monga kusamalira ululu wosatha, mankhwala oletsa ululu a mtima, kapena mankhwala oletsa ululu a ana. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatenga chaka chimodzi.

Monga akatswiri ena onse azachipatala, ma CRNA amafunika kulandira maphunziro opitilira ('maphunziro opitilira') pantchito zawo zonse. Izi zikutanthauza kupezeka pamisonkhano, kuphunzira za kafukufuku watsopano, ndikutenga maphunziro atsopano kuti azidziwa zatsopano ndi kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa komanso ukadaulo m'munda wawo.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu akhale namwino wovomerezeka wopereka mankhwala oletsa ululu (CRNA)?

Monga momwe mungaganizire, ndi maphunziro ndi zokumana nazo zonsezi, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti munthu akhale CRNA. Mwachidule:

• Zimatenga pafupifupi zaka 4 kuti munthu apeze digiri ya unamwino.
• Pafupifupi zaka 1-3 za ntchito mu Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
• Pulogalamu yochitira opaleshoni ya anamwino (mpaka digiri ya udokotala) imatenga pafupifupi zaka zitatu.

Zonsezi zikaphatikizidwa, nthawi zambiri zimatenga zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka khumi kuti zikhale CRNA.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamafunika kudzipereka kwambiri, kuleza mtima, komanso kutsimikiza mtima. Zimatengera nthawi yambiri komanso khama kuti muyenerere CRNA kuti ikupatseni mankhwala oletsa ululu. Kuti mukhale ndi chidaliro chonse mu chidziwitso ndi luso lawo.

Uthenga wofunika kwambiri kuti muganizire.

Kuchitidwa opaleshoni kapena njira ina iliyonse yovuta yachipatala kungakhale kovutitsa maganizo, koopsa, komanso kochititsa nkhawa. Ndi zachilendo, ndipo palibe amene amakonda opaleshoni.

Koma kumbukirani, namwino wanu wopereka mankhwala oletsa ululu (CRNA) ndi munthu amene ali ndi chidziwitso chapadera komanso luso lapamwamba kwambiri kuti akutetezeni, musamve ululu, komanso nthawi zonse muziyang'anira zizindikiro zanu zofunika kwambiri panthawi yonse ya opaleshoni.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso, nkhawa, kapena nkhawa zokhudza opaleshoni, musaope kufunsa CRNA yanu. Iwo alipo kuti akuthandizeni, ayankhe mafunso anu, ndikukuthandizani kuti mukhale omasuka komanso odzidalira pa opaleshoni yanu. Chitetezo chanu ndi chitonthozo chanu nthawi zonse zimakhala zofunika kwambiri kwa iwo.

` Namwino Woyang'anira Mankhwala Oletsa Kupweteka, CRNA, Mankhwala Oletsa Kupweteka, Dokotala Woletsa Kupweteka, Unamwino, Opaleshoni, Maphunziro Apamwamba a Unamwino