Kuopsa kobisika kwa mtsinje: Tiyeni tiphunzire za Onchocerciasis, kapena matenda a khungu la mtsinje?

Kodi mudamvapo za matenda oopsa omwe amakhudza anthu okhala m'mbali mwa mitsinje yokongola komanso yothamanga, mpaka kuyambitsa khungu? Iyi ndi Onchocerciasis, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti 'khungu la mtsinje.' Dzinalo lingamveke ngati lovuta pang'ono, koma tiyeni tikambirane za matenda owopsawa m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Onchocerciasis ndi chiyani? Imadziwikanso kuti "river blindness"

Mwachidule, onchocerciasis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha nyongolotsi ya parasitic . Dzina la sayansi la nyongolotsi iyi ndi ``Onchocerca volvulus``. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timafalikira kwa anthu kudzera mu kulumidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi tizilombo takuda ta mtundu wa ``Simulium``. Tizilombo takuda timeneti timaswana pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje yomwe imayenda mofulumira, makamaka m'madera ovuta, otentha, komanso alimi.

Matendawa angawononge kwambiri khungu lanu ndi maso anu , ndipo nthawi zina angakupangitseni kukhala ndi khungu losatha . Ndicho chifukwa chake amatchedwanso "liver blindness." Tangoganizirani momwe zimenezo zilili zoopsa!

Kodi matendawa ndi ofala bwanji?

Kodi mukudziwa kuti matendawa, otchedwa onchocerciasis, ndi ofala kwambiri ku sub-Saharan Africa ndi madera ena a South America, monga Brazil ndi Venezuela? Malinga ndi Pan American Health Organization, yomwe imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi World Health Organization, anthu pafupifupi 18 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi matendawa. Mwa awa, pafupifupi 270,000 ndi akhungu kwathunthu.

Koma pali nkhani yabwino. Mayiko ena athetsa matendawa mwa kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kupereka mankhwala kwa anthu ambiri. Zimenezi n’zolimbikitsa kwambiri.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matendawa?

Ntchentche za ``(Simulium)`` zomwe zimafalitsa matendawa zimakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje yothamanga, m'midzi yakutali, yakumidzi, yaulimi ku Africa ndi South America. Chifukwa chake, anthu okhala m'madera otere ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Komanso, anthu omwe amapita kumadera amenewa kwa nthawi yayitali nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza m'madera, amishonale, ndi odzipereka a Peace Corps. Ku Sri Lanka, nthawi zambiri sitimapita kumadera amenewa kawirikawiri, kotero sitili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Komabe, ngati wina akupita kudziko ngati ili, makamaka kumidzi, kuntchito kapena pazifukwa zina zilizonse, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi onchocerciasis imayamba bwanji ?

Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chikufunika kufotokozedwa pang'ono. Ganizirani motere.

Ntchentche yakuda ikaluma munthu amene ali ndi matenda a onchocerciasis, imadya mphutsi zazing'ono kwambiri za nyongolotsi , zomwe ndi mphutsi zazing'ono, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Kenako mphutsizo zimakula m'thupi la ntchentcheyo.

Tsopano, ntchentche yodwalayo ikaluma munthu wina wathanzi, imalowetsa mphutsi zomwe zakula m'thupi la munthu watsopanoyo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, matendawa safalikira ndi kuluma kamodzi kokha; ntchentche zingapo, nthawi zingapo, zimafunika kuti zibweretse matenda. Pambuyo polowa m'thupi latsopano, mphutsi izi zimakula kukhala mphutsi zazikulu, zomwe zimalumikizana kuti zipange mphutsi zambiri. Kenako mphutsi izi zimafalikira pakhungu, m'maso, ndi m'ziwalo zina.

Chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti mphutsi zimenezi zikachuluka kwambiri m'thupi, thupi lathu limayamba kuchitapo kanthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi limayamba kulimbana ndi zowonongazi. Timatcha izi kuti kutupa . Pamenepo ndi pomwe zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera.

Kodi zizindikiro za khungu la m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi ziti?

Matenda a Onchocerciasis amakhudza kwambiri khungu ndi maso anu. Zizindikiro zake zingakhale monga:

• Kuyabwa kwambiri pakhungu: Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu komanso chizindikiro choyamba chomwe anthu ambiri amachiwona. Nthawi zina kuyabwako kumakhala kosapiririka.
• Zilonda m'maso mwanu: Zilonda zimatha kuchitika m'maso.
• Zipsera, matuza, kapena ziphuphu pakhungu: Nthawi zina, ziphuphu zimatha kupangika pansi pa khungu mozungulira mphutsi. Izi nthawi zina zimatha kuonekera pankhope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti iwoneke yoipa.
• Kulephera kuona bwino, kusawona bwino, kapena kusawona bwino: Pamene matendawa akupitirira, maso amawonongeka ndipo kusawona bwino kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamaone bwino. Izi ndi zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri za matendawa.

Kodi zizindikiro zimawonekera nthawi yayitali bwanji pambuyo pa matenda?

Munthu amene ali ndi matenda a onchocerciasis nthawi zambiri samva kupweteka kulikonse poyamba. Zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera mphutsi zitachulukana m'thupi. Izi zimatha kutenga miyezi 12 mpaka 18, kutanthauza chaka chimodzi kapena chaka ndi theka . Chifukwa chake, pangatenge nthawi kuti munthu adziwe kuti watenga matendawa.

Kodi matenda a onchocerciasis awa ndi opatsirana?

Matenda a Onchocerciasis safalikira mwachindunji kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina . Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangafalitsidwe polankhula, kugwirana chanza, kapena kudya ndi munthu amene ali ndi matendawa.

Koma, umu ndi momwe matendawa amafalikira: Ntchentche zakuda zimaluma munthu amene ali ndi matendawa ndikuyamwa mphutsi zomwe zili m'thupi mwake. Kenako, ntchentchezo zikapita kukaluma munthu amene alibe matendawa, zimapatsira munthu watsopanoyo ndi mphutsizo. Choncho, izi zimafalikira kudzera mu ntchentche .

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola?

Kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi matenda a onchocerciasis, dokotala nthawi zambiri amachita kafukufuku wa khungu . Izi zikutanthauza kutenga zidutswa zazing'ono za khungu kuchokera m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi ndikuziyang'ana pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti aone ngati pali mphutsi zilizonse za nyongolotsi.

Kuti aone ngati muli ndi matenda a maso, dokotala adzayang'ana maso anu kuti awone ngati pali zilonda kapena zinthu zina. Adzagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera chotchedwa ``slit lamp.'' Chili ngati maikulosikopu yokhala ndi kuwala kowala.

Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso a magazi amatha kuchitidwa kuti adziwe ngati thupi lili ndi ma antibodies omwe akuyesera kulimbana ndi matendawa.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Mankhwala a khungu la m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa ivermectin . Uwu ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri.

Koma apa pali chinthu china choti mumvetse. Ivermectin imapha mphutsi zokha, osati mphutsi zazikulu . Nyongolotsi yayikazi yayikulu imatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka pafupifupi 10 mpaka 15. Pa nthawi imeneyo, imatha kupanga mphutsi zatsopano mamiliyoni ambiri! Tangoganizani momwe zimenezo zilili zoopsa.

Choncho, mankhwalawa ayenera kumwedwa kwa zaka 10 mpaka 15, kamodzi pachaka . Pokhapokha ngati kupitiriza kulandira chithandizo, chiwerengero cha mphutsi m'thupi chingawongoleredwe, mpaka mphutsi zazikulu zitafa mwachibadwa.

Kodi tingadziteteze bwanji ku izi?

Njira yabwino yodzitetezera ku matendawa ndi kupewa kupita kumadera omwe matendawa akadalipo. Komabe, ngati muyeneradi kupita kumadera otere, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zodzitetezera izi:

• Valani zovala zomwe zapatsidwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo otchedwa ``Permethrin.'' Masitolo ena amagulitsa zovalazi, kapena mutha kuzipopera nokha pa zovala zanu.
• Thirani mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'thupi lanu komanso pa zovala zanu okhala ndi `(DEET).` Izi zithandiza kuthamangitsa ntchentche komanso udzudzu.
• Valani mathalauza anu omangika m'masokisi anu. Mwanjira imeneyi, akakolo anu sadzaonekera ndipo padzakhala mwayi wochepa woti ntchentche zikukulumeni.
• Valani malaya a manja aatali ndi mathalauza aatali. Ndi bwino kuphimba khungu lonse momwe mungathere.

Tangoganizani kuti mukupita kumudzi ku Africa kukagwira ntchito. Muyenera kukhala pafupi ndi mtsinje. Ndiye ndikofunikira bwanji kutsatira njira zodzitetezera izi mukatuluka m'mawa ndi madzulo!

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mutadwala matenda a onchocerciasis?

Matenda a Onchocerciasis ndi omwe amachititsa khungu kukhala lachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo angayambitse zilonda ndi mavuto aakulu pakhungu, komanso khungu losatha.

Komabe, kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga mukangotenga kachilombo kungathandize kupewa matenda oopsa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro ndikuwonana ndi dokotala mwachangu ngati muli ndi nkhawa.

Kodi khungu loyambitsidwa ndi izi silingathe kuchiritsidwa?

Mwatsoka, khungu likayamba chifukwa cha onchocerciasis, silingathe kubwezeretsedwa. Ndiko kuti, masomphenya otayika sangabwezeretsedwenso.Imeneyo ndiye gawo lomvetsa chisoni kwambiri la matendawa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuzindikira msanga ndi kuchiza, komanso kupewa matendawa asanayambe, ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati ndikuganiza kuti ndili ndi matendawa?

Ngati mwangopita kudera lakutali ku Africa kapena South America, makamaka m'mbali mwa mitsinje, ndipo mwalumidwa ndi ntchentche zakuda, kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za onchocerciasis (monga kuyabwa kwambiri pakhungu, kusasangalala ndi maso), chonde funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo .

Dokotala akhoza kuyesa khungu lanu ndi magazi anu kuti aone ngati pali matenda. Kumbukirani, mukayamba chithandizo msanga, mwayi wanu wopewa zotsatirapo zoopsa umakhala wabwino.

Matenda a Onchocerciasis, omwe amadziwikanso kuti "river blindness," ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa Onchocerca volvulus. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timafalikira ndi ntchentche zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje m'madera akutali a Africa ndi South America. Ngati mwapitako kumadera otere ndipo mwalumidwa ndi ntchentche zakuda, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala.

Kumbukirani chinthu chofunika kwambiri! (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano mwamvetsetsa bwino zomwe takhala tikulankhula, onchocerciasis, kapena river blindness. Nazi mfundo zofunika kukumbukira:

• Uwu ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha nyongolotsi ya parasitic ndipo amafalikira ndi ntchentche zakuda .
• Imapezeka kwambiri m'madera ena a Africa ndi South America .
• Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi kuyabwa kwambiri, mavuto a pakhungu, komanso kulephera kuona/kuona .
• Chithandizo chingachitike ndi mankhwala otchedwa `(Ivermectin)` , koma ayenera kumwedwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Ngati mukupita kumadera kumene matendawa ndi ofala, ndikofunikira kusamala kwambiri kuti mudziteteze ku ntchentche .
• Ngati mukukayikira, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa kuzizindikira msanga kungateteze matenda oopsa monga khungu.

Ngakhale kuti matendawa si ofala ku Sri Lanka, mukaganizira momwe anthu m'madera ena a dziko lapansi amavutikira ndi matendawa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za matenda otere, sichoncho? Komanso, ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa apita kudera loopsa chonchi, ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zidzakuthandizani.

" Onchocerciasis, river blindness, parasitic worms, black flies, blackflies, ziphuphu pakhungu, kusawona bwino, ivermectin."