Tiyeni tiphunzire bwino za glaucoma yotseguka!

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti maso athu amatha kudwala mobisa, popanda chenjezo lililonse? Pali matenda ena a maso omwe sitikudziwa kuti akubwera, ndipo nthawi yomwe timazindikira, kuwonongekako kumakhala kutachitika kale. Matenda ena a maso omwe amabwera mobisa ndikuwononga masomphenya athu ndipo ndi ofala pakati pa anthu ambiri amatchedwa open-angle glaucoma . Tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane lero, chifukwa ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi Glaucoma Yotseguka Ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, Open-Angle Glaucoma ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa glaucoma. Imayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya maso mkati mwa diso lanu. Taganizirani ngati njira yaying'ono yotulutsira madzi mkati mwa diso lanu. Apa ndi pomwe madzi omwe amapangidwa mkati mwa diso (timatcha kuti aqueous humor) amatuluka. Mu Open-Angle Glaucoma, njira yotulutsira madzi iyi pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, imayamba kutsekeka. Simukumva konse.

Madzi amenewa akalephera kutuluka bwino, amayamba kusonkhana mkati mwa diso. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi mkati mwa diso (intraocular pressure - IOP) kuchuluke. Izi zimatchedwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'maso. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumeneku ndiko kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya maso yomwe yatchulidwa kale.

Glaucoma Yotseguka ndi matenda omwe amayamba pang'onopang'ono, popanda zizindikiro zilizonse poyamba. Amakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo maso anu amasiya pang'onopang'ono. Mukazindikira, maso anu akhoza kukhala atawonongeka kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kumeneku sikungatheke. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndi koopsa kwambiri. Chithandizo makamaka cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa maso ndikuletsa matendawa kuti asakule kwambiri. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, vutoli lingayambitse khungu.

Kodi izi zimakhudza bwanji masomphenya anu?

Glaucoma Yotseguka imayamba ndi kutaya masomphenya m'dera lozungulira munda wanu wowona , lotchedwa masomphenya anu ozungulira . Zikuoneka ngati masomphenya akuyamba mdima pang'onopang'ono mbali zonse ziwiri ndikuchepa pakati. Anthu ambiri amaona m'maso onse awiri, koma nthawi zambiri diso limodzi limakhala loipa pang'ono kuposa linzake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira matendawa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa diso lomwe likuwona bwino pang'ono limathandizira kutaya masomphenya m'diso lina.

Kodi zizindikiro za Open-Angle Glaucoma ndi ziti?

Anthu ambiri saona zizindikiro zilizonse mpaka maso awo atawonongeka kwambiri. Koma nthawi zina, mungapeze zizindikiro kuchokera ku zinthu zazing'ono monga:

• Mukatsika masitepe, mumaphonya sitepe imodzi.
• Mukawerenga buku kapena nyuzipepala, zilembo zina m'mawu zimasowa.
• Mukayendetsa galimoto, zimakhala zovuta kuwerenga zikwangwani ndi zilembo za mayina pamsewu.
• Mwachitsanzo, madzulo, zinthu sizimaoneka bwino, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa mitundu.

Dokotala wanu wa maso akamakuyang'anani maso anu, angaone zolakwika m'munda monga izi:

• Chilema cha mphuno : Kuwoneka kwa mdima kwa maso anu ku mphuno.
• Malo obisika (`(Arcuate scotoma)`): Malo amdima opindika pamwamba kapena pansi pa malo owonera.
• Malo obisika a Paracentral (`(Paracentral scotoma)`): Malo ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira amdima omwe ali pafupi pang'ono ndi pakati pa maso.
• Chilema cha wedge cha nthawi : Malo amdima a katatu omwe amaoneka ngati ali mbali ya khutu.

Pamene matendawa akupita patsogolo, pang'onopang'ono mumayamba kukhala ndi vuto lotchedwa tunnel vision , lomwe limakupangitsani kuona ngati mukuyang'ana kudzera mu chubu.

Kodi Open-Angle Glaucoma ndi yoopsa bwanji?

Matenda a Glaucoma Otseguka ndi matenda omwe amayamba pang'onopang'ono koma mosakayikira amakula. Ndi oopsa chifukwa amatha kuwononga masomphenya anu musanazindikire. Koma musadandaule, chithandizo chingalepheretse kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa. Komabe, ngati sanalandire chithandizo, angayambitse kutaya masomphenya komanso khungu.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri sapweteka. Komabe, anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi vuto lotchedwa retinal venous occlusion . Zikatero, maso amatha kupweteka ndipo maso amatha kutayika. Kuchiza matendawa kumakhala kovuta pang'ono.

Nchifukwa chiyani izi (Open-Angle Glaucoma) zimachitika?

Timauzidwa kuti maso athu ali ndi njira yachilengedwe yotulutsira madzi omwe amapangidwa ndi diso. Glaucoma imachitika pakakhala vuto ndi njira iyi yotulutsira madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madziwo azisonkhana mkati mwa diso. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi mkati mwa diso kuchuluke ndikuwononga mitsempha ya maso.

Nthawi zina vuto ndi njira yotulutsira madzi limakhala lodziwikiratu, nthawi zina silimakhala lodziwikiratu. Mu glaucoma yotseguka, ngodya yotulutsira madzi mkati mwa diso imaoneka yotseguka komanso yogwira ntchito bwino. Komabe, pali kukana mkati. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti vutoli lili mu netiweki ya trabecular . Iyi ndi minofu yonga siponji yomwe madzi amatuluka. Mankhwala ambiri amayang'ana minofu iyi.

OAG Yoyamba ndi OAG Yachiwiri

Vutoli likufanana ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi ma meshwork a trabecular pamene tikukalamba. Pamene tikukalamba, maselo ake amachepa, mawonekedwe ake amasintha, ndipo amasiya kugwira ntchito bwino. Zili ngati wina wafulumizitsa kukalamba kwa minofu iyi. Nthawi zambiri, palibe chifukwa chomveka chomwe chingapezeke. Pazochitika zotere, madokotala amatcha primary open-angle glaucoma (primary OAG).

Koma nthawi zina, njira yotulutsira madzi iyi imatha kutsekedwa chifukwa cha matenda ena. Mwachitsanzo, imatha kutsekedwa ndi kutupa, mapuloteni, kapena zinyalala za maselo. Izi zimatchedwa secondary open-angle glaucoma (`(Secondary OAG)`).

Choyambitsa chenicheni cha OAG yoyamba n'chovuta kudziwa. Ngakhale kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi m'maso nthawi zambiri kumakhalapo, sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhalapo. Nthawi zina, ngakhale kuthamanga kwa magazi mkati mwa diso kuli bwino, pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya maso. Zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi OAG yoyamba:

• Kuchuluka kwa zaka: Anthu opitirira zaka 40 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Mbiri ya banja: Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wakhala ndi glaucoma, inunso muli ndi mwayi waukulu woti mudwale nayo.
• Chiyambi cha majini a ku Africa: Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu ochokera ku Africa.

Kodi Open-Angle Glaucoma imapezeka bwanji?

Glaucoma ingakhale yovuta kuizindikira ngati mulibe zizindikiro zilizonse kapena ngati mwawona kusintha kulikonse m'maso mwanu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kwa dokotala wa maso nthawi zonse kuti akakuyezeni maso . Ngati dokotala wanu ali ndi mbiri yanu yakale komanso mbiri yanu ya thanzi la maso, akhoza kuyang'ana kusintha pang'ono ndi zinthu zomwe zingayambitse glaucoma. Kenako amatha kuchita mayeso ena ndikupeza matendawa msanga.

Akatswiri amazindikira matenda a Open-Angle Glaucoma pofufuza zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kusintha kwa masomphenya
• Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya maso ndi/kapena kuthamanga kwambiri m'diso (`(IOP)`)
• Ngodya yotseguka yotulutsira madzi (`(ngodya yotseguka yotulutsira madzi)`)

Mayeso otsatirawa amachitika kuti aone ngati glaucoma ili ndi matenda:

• Mayeso a m'munda : Mayeso omwe amayesa kukula kwa masomphenya anu, kutanthauza kuti, kutalika komwe mungawone mozungulira.
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Izi zitha kutenga zithunzi zomveka bwino za mitsempha ya optic ndi zigawo zina mkati mwa diso. Izi zingathandize kuona zinthu monga kukhuthala kwa mitsempha ndi kuwonongeka.
• Gonioscopy : Njira yomwe imafufuza mwachindunji ngodya ya madzi m'diso. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa ngati ngodyayo ndi yotseguka, yopapatiza, kapena yotsekeka.
• Tonometry (`(Tonometry)`): Kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi m'maso (`(IOP)`). Pali zida zosiyanasiyana zochitira izi.

Kodi ndi mankhwala ati abwino kwambiri a Open-Angle Glaucoma?

Pali mankhwala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira glaucoma yotseguka. Chithandizo chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu chimadalira matenda anu komanso momwe diso lanu limayankhira chithandizo. Mankhwala ambiri amayang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi mkati mwa diso (IOP). Ngakhale IOP yanu ikuwoneka kuti siili pamwamba, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuchepetsa kungayambitse glaucoma. Izi zingathandize kusunga maso anu ambiri momwe mungathere.

Mankhwala a OAG

Glaucoma yotseguka nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala madontho a m'maso. Izi mwina zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatuluka m'diso kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatuluka. Umu ndi momwe kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsikira. Musadandaule, madzi omwe ali mkati mwa diso lanu (aqueous humor) ndi osiyana ndi misozi yomwe imapaka mafuta m'maso mwanu. Chifukwa chake kusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi awa sikungapangitse maso anu kuuma.

Nazi zina mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa OAG:

• Prostaglandins : Zitsanzo: travoprost, bimatoprost, latanoprost. Awa ndi mahomoni opangidwa omwe amathandiza madzi m'diso kutuluka kudzera munjira ina (uveoscleral outflow).
• Beta-blockers : Zitsanzo zake ndi monga betaxolol ndi timolol. Awa ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda monga matenda a mtima. Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi m'maso.
• Mankhwala oletsa Rho-kinase : Mwachitsanzo, netarsudil. Izi zimagwira ntchito poletsa ntchito ya ma enzyme ena, omwe amamasula ma meshwork a trabecular mkati mwa diso, zomwe zimathandiza kuti madzi azituluka bwino.
• Mankhwala oletsa kaboni anhydrase (monga brinzolamide, dorzolamide). Izi zimagwira ntchito poletsa ntchito ya enzyme yomwe imapanga madzi mkati mwa diso, zomwe zimachepetsa kupanga madzi.
• Mankhwala otchedwa Alpha-adrenergic agonists : Mwachitsanzo, brimonidine, apraclonidine. Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa ma receptors ena a mitsempha mkati mwa diso, kuchepetsa kupanga madzi ndikuwonjezera kutuluka kwa madzi.

Maopaleshoni ndi njira zochizira matenda a OAG

Ngati mankhwala sakupereka mpumulo wokwanira, kapena ngati simukufuna kupitiriza kumwa mankhwala, dokotala wanu wa maso angakulangizeni opaleshoni ya OAG. Nthawi zina, opaleshoni yochepa kwambiri (`(opaleshoni yochepa kwambiri)`) ingalandiridwe ngati chithandizo choyamba kuti mupewe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Pali mitundu yambiri ya opaleshoni ya glaucoma. Njira zambiri zochitira opaleshoni ya glaucoma yotseguka zimayesa kukonza madzi mu `(trabecular meshwork)`.

Zina mwa njira zodziwika bwino za OAG ndi izi:

• Laser trabeculoplasty : Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito laser beam pochiza madera ena a trabecular meshwork yanu. Izi zimapangitsa kusintha kwa mankhwala m'minofu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azituluka bwino m'diso.
• Goniotomy : Iyi ndi opaleshoni ya glaucoma yomwe imachitidwa mchipinda chochitira opaleshoni. Imafuna kuchotsa maukonde a trabecular omwe ali ndi vuto/omwe amamatira ndikutsegula njira yotulutsira madzi m'diso.
• Opaleshoni ya chubu(`(Opaleshoni ya chubu)`): Mu izi, chipangizo chaching'ono chonga chubu (`(shunt)`) chimayikidwa mkati mwa diso. Izi zimadutsa `(trabecular meshwork)` ndipo zimalola madzi kutuluka m'diso kudzera mu chubu ichi. Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosavulaza kwambiri nthawi iliyonse ikatheka.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha (Open-Angle Glaucoma) ndi chotani?

Ndi chithandizo, anthu ambiri amatha kuletsa kupitirira kwa glaucoma yotseguka, kapena kuchepetsa liwiro lake. Koma chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndichakuti kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya komwe kwachitika musanayambe chithandizo sikungathe kubwezeretsedwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuzindikirika msanga n'kofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa zizindikiro sizikuonekera bwino, anthu ena sazindikira kuti pang'onopang'ono akutaya masomphenya awo mpaka zitachedwa. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri sachita khungu, glaucoma ndiye chifukwa chachiwiri chachikulu cha khungu padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo glaucoma yambiri ndi glaucoma yotseguka.

Ngakhale kuti chifukwa chake sichikudziwika bwino, glaucoma imakhudza kwambiri anthu ochokera ku Africa kuposa ena. Anthu aku Africa, Afro-Caribbean, ndi West Africa ali ndi mwayi wopeza matendawa kanayi. Akhoza kudwala matendawa zaka zambiri m'mbuyomo, ndipo ali ndi mwayi wopeza matenda osowa maso nthawi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pambuyo pa matenda a maso, glaucoma (nthawi zambiri OAG) ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha khungu pakati pa anthu akuda.

Kodi Glaucoma Yotseguka Ingapewedwe?

Popeza nthawi zambiri palibe chifukwa chomveka bwino cha glaucoma yotseguka, palibe njira yopewera. Komabe , ngati mutazindikira msanga ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo, mutha kupewa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matendawa. Njira yabwino yochitira izi ndikuwona dokotala wa maso nthawi zonse kuti akakuyezeni maso nthawi zonse. Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a OAG, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyezedwe pafupipafupi komanso nthawi zina ngakhale mankhwala oletsa.

Kodi ndiyenera kudzisamalira bwanji ndikakhala ndi (Open-Angle Glaucoma)?

Ngati mukumwa mankhwala a glaucoma yotseguka, ndikofunikira kumwa monga momwe mwalangizidwira komanso musaphonye tsiku lililonse. Mosiyana ndi opaleshoni, mankhwala si njira yokhazikika, yothandiza nthawi imodzi ku OAG. Muyenera kumwa mankhwala awa tsiku lililonse, mwina kwa moyo wanu wonse. Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zina chifukwa cha mankhwalawa, kapena ngati mukumva kuti simukumva bwino mutasiya kumwa mankhwalawo, zingakhale zovuta kupitiriza kuwagwiritsa ntchito. Ngati dongosolo lanu la chithandizo silikugwira ntchito, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhulanso ndi dokotala wanu kuti mukambirane zomwe mungachite.

Mtundu wa Open-Angle Glaucoma ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa glaucoma. Umakula pang'onopang'ono, popanda chenjezo, ndipo nthawi zambiri popanda zizindikiro. Ungayambitse kutayika kwa masomphenya musanadziwe. Kumva izi kungakhale kodabwitsa komanso kosokoneza pang'ono. Koma mukangolandira matenda, mutha kuyamba kulandira chithandizo. Anthu ambiri amatha kuthana ndi OAG bwino ndi mankhwala ndi/kapena opaleshoni yochepa kwambiri.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira m'nkhaniyi

• Glaucoma yotseguka ndi matenda osawonekera , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti poyamba sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse.
• Izi zingawononge pang'onopang'ono maso anu musanazindikire.
• Kuwonongeka kumeneku sikungathe kubwezeretsedwa , choncho ndi bwino kuzindikira msanga.
• Kuyezetsa maso nthawi zonse kungathandize kuzindikira matendawa msanga ndikuteteza maso anu.
• Pali chithandizo! Mankhwala kapena opaleshoni zimatha kuletsa matendawa ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwina.
• Ngati muli ndi glaucoma, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala anu monga momwe mwalangizidwira.

Ndi udindo wanu kusamalira maso anu. Choncho samalirani izi.

Glaucoma , Glaucoma Yotseguka, Kupanikizika kwa Maso, Kutaya Maso, Matenda a Maso, Kuyezetsa Maso, Chithandizo cha Glaucoma