Kodi mwana wanu wakhala akudandaula za kupweteka kwa mwendo kapena mkono posachedwapa? Mungaganize kuti wagwa akusewera, kapena kuti watopa kwambiri. Koma nthawi zina, pakhoza kukhala china chake choopsa kwambiri kumbuyo kwa kupweteka kwa mafupa kosalekeza kumeneku. Choncho musanyalanyaze. Lero, tikambirana za vuto limodzi lalikulu, osteosarcoma, mtundu wa khansa ya mafupa yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhudza ana ndi achinyamata.
Mwachidule, kodi osteosarcoma ndi chiyani?
Osteosarcoma ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayamba m'mafupa . Imayamba ngati maselo abwinobwino a mafupa. Koma pakapita nthawi, maselowa amakhala maselo oopsa (khansa), amasonkhana pamodzi, ndikupanga zotupa mkati kapena pamwamba pa fupa. Zotupazi zimafooketsa ndikuwononga fupa lathanzi.
Nthawi zina madokotala amatchanso kuti osteogenic sarcoma. Pano, 'sarcoma' ndi dzina lofala la khansa zomwe zimayamba m'maselo olumikizana a thupi lathu, monga mafupa, cartilage, ndi minofu. Mawu oti 'osteo' amatanthauza 'fupa'. 'Osteogenic' amatanthauza kuti imapanga maselo a mafupa.
Mtundu uwu wa khansa umapezeka kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata . Chiwopsezo chotenga khansa imeneyi chimakhala chachikulu makamaka nthawi yomwe ikukula mofulumira.
Ndi mafupa ati omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa iyi?
Khansa ya osteosarcoma nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'mafupa aatali a thupi lathu. Ndiko kuti, m'mafupa aatali a manja ndi miyendo. Imapezeka kwambiri kumapeto kwa mafupa awa, ndiko kuti, pafupi ndi malo olumikizirana mafupa. Taganizirani malo monga bondo, chiuno, ndi phewa.
Tiyeni tifotokoze bwino izi ndi tebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Malo omwe khansa imapezeka kwambiri | Malo omwe khansa siichitika kawirikawiri |
|---|---|
| Fupa la ntchafu (Femur) | Nsagwada |
| Fupa la Shin (Tibia) | Chifuwa |
| Fupa la mkono wapamwamba (Humerus) | Chigaza |
| (Makamaka pafupi ndi bondo ndi phewa) | Minofu yofewa m'mimba ndi pachifuwa |
Kodi 'kalasi' ya khansa imatanthauza chiyani?
Madokotala amagawa khansa ya osteosarcoma m'magulu potengera zomwe amatcha 'kuiika mu grade'. Izi zikutanthauza momwe khansa imafalikira mwachangu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imatha kufalikira (metastasize) ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya khansa.
- Kalasi Yotsika: Mtundu uwu wa khansa umakula pang'onopang'ono . Nthawi zambiri, umakhala pomwe unayambira ndipo sufalikira mosavuta.
- Magiredi apamwamba: Uwu ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri. Khansa zimenezi zimakula mofulumira kwambiri ndipo zimafalikira m'malo ena a thupi (monga mapapo).
- Giredi yapakati: Iyi ndi mkhalidwe pakati pa mitundu iwiri yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa.
Kodi zizindikiro za osteosarcoma ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za matendawa sizimaonekera mwadzidzidzi. Zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zina zizindikirozi zimaoneka ngati kuvulala kwachibadwa kapena kuvulala, kotero anthu ambiri samazilabadira poyamba. Koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zizindikirozi.
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kupweteka kwa mafupa | Ichi ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri. Ululu umawonjezeka pakapita nthawi. Ululu ukhoza kukhala woopsa kwambiri usiku komanso panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. |
| Kutupa kapena chotupa | Malo opwetekawo ayamba kutupa. Nthawi zina angamveke ngati chotupa m'dzanja lanu. Ngati mutakhudza malowo, angamve ngati ofunda pang'ono kuposa malo ena. |
| Kuyenda pang'ono kwa mgwirizano | Ngati khansa ili pafupi ndi cholumikizira, zingakhale zovuta kupindika kapena kupotoza cholumikiziracho. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ili pafupi ndi bondo, zingakhale zovuta kupindika mwendo. |
| Kusweka kwa mafupa popanda chifukwa | Khansa imafooketsa fupa. Chifukwa chake, fupa limatha kusweka ngakhale litagwa pang'ono kapena ngozi yomwe nthawi zambiri singasweke. Timatcha izi kuti "mafupa osweka omwe ali ndi vuto la mafupa". |
| Zina mwazinthu | Mungaonenso zinthu monga malungo osadziwika bwino, kusintha kwa mtundu wa khungu, ndipo, ngati ndi khansa m'mwendo, kupunduka. |
Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti ngati mwana akudandaula za ululu pamalo omwewo kwa milungu ingapo, ayenera kuonana ndi dokotala, osanena kuti ndi chinthu chomwe anachita akusewera.
N’chifukwa chiyani khansa yamtunduwu imayamba?
Akatswiri akadali osadziwa chomwe chimayambitsa izi. Komabe, apeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse khansa.
Kukula mwachangu kwa mafupa
Pa nthawi yokulira, mwana akakula mwadzidzidzi ndikukula kwambiri, mafupa ake amakulanso mofulumira kwambiri. Panthawiyi, maselo amagawikana mofulumira kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti pali vuto linalake panthawi yogawa maselo mwachangu, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wopanga maselo a khansa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe matendawa amafalikira kwambiri mwa achinyamata.
Kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa
Ngati mudalandirapo kale chithandizo cha khansa ina pogwiritsa ntchito radiation, pali chiopsezo chochepa chotenga osteosarcoma m'mafupa m'malo omwe adalandira radiation.
Zinthu zokhudzana ndi majini
Izi n'zovuta pang'ono. Mwachidule, pali majini apadera m'thupi lathu omwe amaletsa khansa kuti isapangidwe. Monga momwe thupi lathu limatetezera. Awa amatchedwa `majini oletsa chotupa`. `p53` ndi jini imodzi yotere. Ngati pali kusintha kwa majini awa, kutanthauza `kusintha`, chiopsezo chotenga khansa chimawonjezeka. Komanso, jini yotchedwa `retinoblastoma (Rb)`, yomwe imagwirizana ndi khansa ya maso mwa ana aang'ono, yapezeka kuti ikugwirizana ndi izi.
Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda otsatirawa a majini ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga osteosarcoma:
- Matenda a Li-Fraumeni
- Matenda a Paget a mafupa (osteitis deformans)
- Retinoblastoma yobadwa nayo
- Matenda a Bloom
- Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kwa Diamond-Blackfan
- Matenda a Rothmund-Thomson
- Matenda a Werner
Kutsekeka kwa mafupa
Ngati magazi opita ku gawo la fupa atsekedwa pazifukwa zina, maselo omwe ali m'gawolo amafa. Ichinso chimaganiziridwa kuti ndi chifukwa chake nthawi zina maselo a khansa amatha kupangika.
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa?
Mukapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe mwatchula pamwambapa, adzatsatira njira zingapo kuti adziwe mtundu weniweni wa matendawa.
1. Kufunsa za zizindikiro: Choyamba, dokotala wanu adzakufunsani inu ndi mwana wanu za zizindikirozo (pamene ululu unayamba, momwe umamvekera, ngati pali kutupa kulikonse, ndi zina zotero). Adzafunsanso ngati wina aliyense m'banja mwanu adadwalapo khansa.
2. Kuwunika thupi: Kenako, kafukufuku wokwanira amachitidwa kuti aone ngati pali zotupa kapena kutupa kulikonse.
3. Kutumizidwa kukayezetsa: Pambuyo pake, mudzatumizidwa kukayezetsa kangapo kuti mutsimikizire matendawa.
- Kuyezetsa X-ray: Izi zingapereke lingaliro loyamba la ngati pali kusintha kwa khansa m'fupa.
- MRI kapena CT scan: Izi zingapereke chithunzi chomveka bwino cha kukula kwa khansa komanso momwe yafalikira ku minofu yozungulira.
- Kuyeza magazi m'thupi: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yotsimikizira kuti munthu wapezeka ndi khansa 100% . Apa, kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kamatengedwa kuchokera pamalo omwe khansa ili ndipo kamafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Izi zithandiza kudziwa ngati ndi osteosarcoma kapena mtundu wina wa khansa, komanso kuchuluka kwa khansayo.
- Kuyezetsa magazi: Izi zimathandiza kudziwa momwe thanzi la munthu lilili komanso zizindikiro zina za khansa.
Matendawa akatsimikizika kuti ndi osteosarcoma, sitepe yotsatira ndikuwona ngati khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Izi zimatchedwa 'staging' . Izi zitha kuphatikizapo 'bone scan' kapena 'PET scan', yomwe imafufuza mafupa a thupi lonse.
Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?
Chithandizo cha osteosarcoma nthawi zambiri chimachitidwa ndi gulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo madokotala a khansa, madokotala ochita opaleshoni, ndi akatswiri ochizira matenda a minofu, amakumana. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zochizira.
Ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha nthawi zonse ndi iyi: Chemotherapy → Opaleshoni → Chemotherapy
1. Chemotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kupatsa thupi mankhwala amphamvu omwe amapha maselo a khansa. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwalawa amayenda m'magazi, amatha kupha maselo a khansa yayikulu komanso maselo ang'onoang'ono a khansa omwe afalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi (zomwe sitingathe kuziona pa scans). Chemotherapy yomwe imaperekedwa opaleshoni isanachitike ingachepetse chotupacho ndikupangitsa opaleshoni kukhala yosavuta. Chemotherapy yomwe imaperekedwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni imatha kupha maselo aliwonse a khansa otsala ndikuletsa matendawa kuti asabwererenso.
2. Opaleshoni: Cholinga chachikulu apa ndikuchotsa chotupa cha khansa. Dokotala wa opaleshoni amachotsa chotupacho pamodzi ndi minofu yathanzi yozungulira. Izi zimachitika kuti pasakhale selo limodzi la khansa lomwe latsala. Pali mitundu ingapo ya opaleshoni.
| Mtundu wa opaleshoni | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Opaleshoni yopulumutsa ziwalo | Iyi ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri masiku ano. Mkono kapena mwendo wonse suchotsedwa. Gawo la fupa lokhalo lomwe lili ndi khansa limachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi chopangira chachitsulo kapena chopachika mafupa kuchokera kwa wina. |
| Kudula ziwalo | Ngati khansa yafalikira kwambiri, kapena ngati mitsempha yofunika ya magazi kapena mitsempha yawonongeka, nthawi zina pamafunika kuchotsa mkono kapena mwendo. Kenako mkono kapena mwendo wopangidwa ndi pulasitiki ungagwiritsidwe ntchito. |
| Rotationplasty | Iyi ndi opaleshoni yapadera komanso yosowa kwambiri. Pankhani ya khansa ya bondo, gawo la bondo lomwe khansa ili limachotsedwa, mwendo umazunguliridwa madigiri 180, kenako umalumikizidwanso ku ntchafu. Kenako mwendo umagwira ntchito ngati bondo. Ukhoza kuyikidwa mwendo wochita kupanga ndipo mutha kuyenda bwino. |
Nthawi zina, chithandizo cha radiation chingaperekedwe ngati khansa yafalikira kumadera omwe opaleshoni siingatheke.
Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse pambuyo pa chithandizo?
Inde, mankhwala awa, makamaka chemotherapy, ndi amphamvu ndipo angayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kwa nthawi yayitali. Zinthu monga nseru, kusanza, kutayika tsitsi, ndi kutopa zimatha kuchitika panthawi ya chithandizo. Komanso, pakapita nthawi,
- Kuopsa kokhala ndi khansa ya mtundu wina
- Zotsatira pa kuthekera kobereka ana (`Kusabereka`)
- Zotsatira pa kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo monga mtima, mapapo, impso, ndi makutu
- Zotsatirapo pa kuganiza ndi kukumbukira
Zinthu ngati izi zimatha kuchitika. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupitiriza kutsatira dokotala wanu ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Musanyalanyaze ululu kapena kutupa kosalekeza m'mafupa a mwana, makamaka kuzungulira mawondo ndi mapewa. Musanyalanyaze, poganiza kuti ndi zachilendo, koma pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Osteosarcoma ndi khansa ya m'mafupa yomwe imapezeka kwambiri mwa achinyamata. Komabe, ngati yapezeka msanga, imatha kuchiritsidwa bwino ndikuchiritsidwa kwathunthu .
- Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chophatikiza mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi opaleshoni. Ndi njira zamakono zamakono, n'zotheka kwambiri kuchiza matendawa popanda kuchotsa chiwalo.
- Chithandizo chamaganizo n'chofunika kwambiri kwa mwana ndi makolo panthawi yovutayi. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za nkhaniyi.
- Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza matendawa, mankhwala ake, kapena zotsatira zake zoyipa, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu.
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