Tiyeni tiphunzire za khansa ya Parathyroid. Musachite mantha, tiyeni tikambirane!

Tonsefe timakumana ndi kusintha pang'ono ndi kusasangalala m'thupi lathu nthawi ndi nthawi, sichoncho? Mwina ndi chotupa chaching'ono pakhosi, kapena chingakhale ngati kutopa popanda chifukwa, kapena kumva ludzu nthawi zonse. Ngakhale kuti zinthu zambirizi sizinthu zodetsa nkhawa, nthawi zina, zimatha kukhala zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda. Lero tikambirana za mtundu wa khansa womwe ndi wosowa pang'ono, koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tonsefe tizidziwe. Umenewo ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'matenda a parathyroid, omwe amatchedwa khansa ya parathyroid , kapena `(Parathyroid Carcinoma)`.

Kodi Khansa ya Parathyroid ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, khansa ya parathyroid ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri wa khansa womwe umayamba m'minofu ya glands yanu ya parathyroid. Glands yanu ya parathyroid nthawi zambiri imakhala kumbuyo kwa gland ya thyroid yooneka ngati gulugufe kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu.

Khansa ya parathyroid siigawidwa m'magawo anayi ('njira yodziwika ndi magawo anayi') monga mitundu ina ya khansa. M'malo mwake, madokotala amagawa khansa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu:

• Malo Okhazikika: Izi zikutanthauza kuti khansa ili mu parathyroid gland yanu yokha. Nthawi zina ikhoza kufalikira pang'ono ku minofu yozungulira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti khansayo ikadali pamalo amodzi okha.
• Kufalikira kwa khansa: Izi zimachitika pamene khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi lanu, monga ma lymph nodes, chiwindi, mapapo, mafupa, kapena kapamba. Pakati pa 10% ndi 30% ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya parathyroid amakhala ndi kufalikira kwa khansa (kufalikira kwa khansa) panthawi yodziwira matendawa. Malo ofala kwambiri ndi mapapo, mafupa, kapena chiwindi.
• Kubwerezabwereza: Apa ndi pamene khansa imabwereranso pambuyo pa chithandizo choyamba - ​​nthawi zambiri pambuyo poti chiwalo cha khansa chachotsedwa opaleshoni. Anthu opitilira theka omwe ali ndi khansa ya parathyroid amakhala ndi khansa yamtunduwu. Khansa nthawi zambiri imabwereranso mkati mwa zaka ziwiri kapena zisanu kuchokera pa opaleshoni yoyamba. Komabe, nthawi zina imatha kubwerera mochedwa ngati zaka 20.

Kodi ma glands a parathyroid awa ndi ati?

Ambiri a ife tili ndi tinthu tina totchedwa parathyroid tokhala ngati nandolo. Monga tanenera kale, tinthuti timapezeka kuseri kwa tinthu ta thyroid. Monga tinthu ta thyroid, tinthu ta parathyroid ndi gawo la dongosolo lanu la endocrine. Nthawi zina, tinthu ta parathyroid timeneti timapezeka m'mphepete mwa mmero kapena pachifuwa. Izi zimatchedwa ectopic.Ma glands a parathyroid amatchedwa parathyroid glands, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sali pamalo omwe ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse.

Ntchito yaikulu ya ma thyroid glands anu a parathyroid ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi mwa kupanga parathyroid hormone (PTH) . Nthawi zina, chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa ma thyroid glands anu a parathyroid zimayamba kupanga parathyroid hormone yochuluka kwambiri (PTH). Vutoli limatchedwa Primary Hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) . PTH ikapangidwa kwambiri, calcium m'magazi mwanu imawonjezeka. Vutoli limatchedwa hypercalcemia .

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa khansa ya parathyroid ndi adenoma ya parathyroid?

Parathyroid adenoma ndi kukula kosakhala khansa mu parathyroid gland. Komabe, khansa ya parathyroid ndi kukula kwa maselo oipa, osakhala khansa mu minofu yanu ya parathyroid. Pa matenda okhudzana ndi parathyroid glands, parathyroid adenoma ndi yofala kwambiri kuposa khansa ya parathyroid.

Koma nayi mfundo yofunika: Mu matenda onsewa, khansa ya parathyroid ndi parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid gland yanu imatha kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso ndikupanga parathyroid hormone (PTH) yambiri. Kenako, monga tafotokozera kale, hypercalcemia imachitika. Hypercalcemia iyi ikhoza kukhala yovulaza thupi lanu komanso thanzi lanu. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha khansa ya parathyroid, komanso parathyroid adenomas, ndikuchotsa opaleshoni ya parathyroid gland yomwe imagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso.

Ngakhale kwa madokotala, zingakhale zovuta kudziwa nthawi yomweyo ngati ndi parathyroid adenoma kapena parathyroid carcinoma. Popeza maselo onsewa amatha kuwoneka ofanana, pambuyo poti opaleshoni ya parathyroid gland yachotsedwa, mayeso ena amafunika kuti atsimikizire ngati ndi adenoma kapena carcinoma.

Kodi hypercalcemia ndi chiyani? Kodi imakhudzana bwanji ndi khansa ya parathyroid?

Hypercalcemia ndi pamene calcium m'magazi mwanu imakhala yokwera kuposa yachibadwa. Anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya parathyroid nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi hypercalcemia. Izi zili choncho chifukwa khansa imapangitsa kuti parathyroid gland yanu ikhale yogwira ntchito kwambiri ndikupanga parathyroid hormone (PTH) yambiri. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi mwanu. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi parathyroid hormone (PTH) yambiri, calcium m'magazi mwanu idzawonjezeka.

Kuchuluka kwa calcium m'thupi (hypercalcemia) kungakhale koopsa pa thanzi lanu komanso thupi lanu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchiza kuchuluka kwa calcium m'thupi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha khansa ya parathyroid komanso khansayo yokha.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya parathyroid?

Inde, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya khansa ya parathyroid.

1. Mtundu wofala kwambiri: Pankhaniyi, maselo a khansa amachititsa kuti parathyroid gland yanu ipange parathyroid hormone (PTH) yambiri ndikuyitulutsa m'magazi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti calcium m'magazi anu ikwere.

2. Khansa ya parathyroid yosagwira ntchito: Iyi imatchedwanso "khansa ya parathyroid yosatulutsa chithokomiro". Izi ndi zosiyana ndi mitundu ina. Chifukwa, anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yamtunduwu alibe hormone ya parathyroid (PTH) kapena calcium m'magazi mwawo. Mtundu uwu ndi wosowa kwambiri, umapezeka mwa odwala osakwana 10% a khansa ya parathyroid.

Khansa ya parathyroid ikapezeka, mayeso ena amachitidwa kuti adziwe ngati yafalikira m'dera lina , yafalikira m'thupi , kapena yobwerezabwereza . Monga tanenera kale, gulu la magawo anayi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa zina siligwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa ya parathyroid?

Khansa iyi imakhudza akazi ndi amuna mofanana. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka mwa anthu azaka zopitirira 30 .

Kodi matendawa ndi ofala bwanji?

Khansa ya parathyroid ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Tangoganizani, imangokhala 0.005% ya khansa zonse. Komanso, khansa ya parathyroid imangokhala pakati pa 0.5% ndi 1% ya matenda onse okhudzana ndi parathyroid gland. Chifukwa chake, izi ndizosowa kwambiri.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya parathyroid?

Ndipotu, palibe chomwe chapezeka chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya parathyroid.

Komabe, matenda otsatirawa osowa kwambiri a majini (monga cholowa kuchokera ku banja) amaonedwa kuti ndi omwe amachititsa khansa iyi:

• Matenda ambiri a endocrine neoplasia mtundu woyamba (MEN1)
• Matenda a hyperparathyroidism obisika m'banja (FIHP)
• Matenda a Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mudalandira chithandizo cha radiation kumutu kapena pakhosi lanu kale, zingapangitsenso kuti mukhale ndi chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya parathyroid.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya parathyroid ndi ziti?

Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro za khansa ya parathyroid ndi zizindikiro za hypercalcemia zomwe zimachitika. Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za hypercalcemia zingaphatikizepo:

• Kufuna kukodza pafupipafupi kuposa masiku onse (kukodza pafupipafupi)
• Kumva ludzu kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Mwa nthawi zonseSindikumva njala
• Kudzimbidwa
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri
• Kumva ngati wavutika maganizo
• Kuiwala kapena kuiwala zinthu
• Kupweteka kwa minofu, kufooka, ndi/kapena kupunduka

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingachitike ndi khansa ya parathyroid:

• Kukhala ndi chotupa pakhosi
• Kusintha kwa mawu kapena mawu omveka bwino
• Kuvuta kumeza chakudya

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi, musaope kuganiza kuti ndi khansa ya parathyroid. Zizindikirozi zitha kuwonekanso m'matenda ena ambiri. Komabe, ngati vuto lotere likupitirira, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala kuti akakupatseni upangiri.

Kodi khansa ya Parathyroid imapezeka bwanji?

Kuzindikira khansa ya parathyroid nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta pang'ono. Chifukwa chimodzi ndichakuti maselo a parathyroid adenoma omwe si khansa ndi a khansa ya parathyroid amatha kuwoneka chimodzimodzi.

Khansa ya parathyroid nthawi zambiri imapezeka pambuyo poti chiwalo chanu cha parathyroid chopanda thanzi komanso chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso chachotsedwa opaleshoni ("parathyroidectomy") ndipo minofu imafufuzidwanso. Nthawi zina, dokotala wa opaleshoni amatha kuzindikira khansa ya parathyroid panthawi ya opaleshoni.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe matenda?

Monga tanenera kale, khansa ya parathyroid nthawi zambiri imapezeka mutapezeka ndi matenda oyamba a hyperparathyroidism , ndipo parathyroid gland yosagwira ntchito bwino imachotsedwa opaleshoni. Nthawi zina, dokotala wa opaleshoni amatha kuzindikira khansa ya parathyroid panthawi ya opaleshoni.

Musanayambe opaleshoni yanu yochotsa chithokomiro chanu cha parathyroid chomwe chimagwira ntchito kwambiri, mutha kuyesedwa mayeso monga awa:

• Kuyesa kwa calcium m'magazi
• Kuyesa kwa PTH m'magazi
• Kujambula kwa parathyroid - Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala kujambula kwa radioactive sestamibi ndi/kapena CT scan.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi khansa ya parathyroid, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso ojambulira zithunzi ngati awa kuti aone ngati khansayo yafalikira (yafalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi lanu:

• Kujambula kwa CT (computerized tomography scan): Kujambula kwa CT kumagwiritsa ntchito X-ray ndi kompyuta kuti ipange zithunzi zambiri za thupi lanu za magawo atatu (3D).
• Kujambula kwa MRI (MRI - kujambula kwa maginito):Kujambula kwa MRI kumagwiritsa ntchito maginito akuluakulu, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti apange zithunzi zathunthu za thupi lanu. Sikugwiritsa ntchito X-ray (radiation).

Kodi mankhwala a khansa ya parathyroid ndi ati?

Njira yayikulu yothandizira khansa ya parathyroid ndi kuchotsa opaleshoni ya parathyroid gland (`en bloc resection`). Ngati khansa ya parathyroid yafalikira (yafalikira), dokotala wanu angafunikenso kuchotsa minofu yozungulira parathyroid gland yanu kapena minofu ya khansa m'thupi lanu.

Njira zotsatirazi zochitira opaleshoni zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa khansa ya parathyroid:

• Kuchotsa chiwalo chilichonse cha chiwalo: Mu njira imeneyi, dokotala amachotsa chiwalo chonse cha chiwalo cha parathyroid ndi kapisozi kozungulira. Nthawi zina, amathanso kuchotsa theka la chiwalo cha chiwalo cha chiwalo chomwe chili mbali imodzi ndi chiwalo cha khansa cha parathyroid, pamodzi ndi minofu yozungulira, minofu, ndi mitsempha.
• Kuchotsa chotupa: Mu njira iyi, dokotala wa opaleshoni amachotsa chotupa chochuluka momwe angathere. Zotupa zina sizingachotsedwe kwathunthu.
• Kuchotsa khansa ya m'mapapo: Pachifukwa ichi, dokotalayo amachotsa khansa iliyonse yomwe yafalikira (yomwe yafalikira) ku minofu ina ndi/kapena ziwalo zina m'thupi lanu, mwachitsanzo, m'mapapo.

Kodi ndidzakhala ndi chemotherapy kapena radiation therapy?

Mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi radiation nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya parathyroid. Dokotala wanu adzasankha ngati mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi/kapena radiation ndi njira yoyenera kwa inu.

Kodi pali mankhwala a khansa ya parathyroid?

Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala enieni a khansa ya parathyroid. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya parathyroid amakhala ndi zizindikiro za hypercalcemia. Popeza hypercalcemia ikhoza kukhala yoopsa, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala amodzi kapena angapo mwa awa:

• Cinacalcet (Cinacalcet - Sensipar®)
• Ma Bisphosphonates
• Denosumab (Denosumab - XGEVA®)

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa za hypercalcemia, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mugonekedwe kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo ndikuyamba kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga m'mitsempha (IV) ndi mankhwala ena.

Kodi khansa yanga ya parathyroid ingabwererenso?

Inde, anthu opitilira theka omwe amapezeka ndi khansa ya parathyroid amatha kubwereranso ndi khansayo.Khansa nthawi zambiri imabweranso mkati mwa zaka zingapo - nthawi zambiri pakati pa zaka ziwiri ndi zisanu. Koma nthawi zina, imatha kuchitika kwa zaka makumi ambiri (zaka 20 kapena kuposerapo) mutapezeka ndi matendawa koyamba komanso kulandira chithandizo.

Kodi khansa iyi ingafalikire (kufalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi?

Inde, khansa ya parathyroid imatha kufalikira (kufalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi lanu. Pakati pa 10% ndi 30% ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya parathyroid amakhala ndi khansa yomwe yafalikira kale (kufalikira) panthawi yodziwira matendawa. Pazochitika izi, khansa nthawi zambiri imafalikira ku mapapo anu, mafupa, kapena chiwindi. Komabe, imatha kufalikiranso ku ma lymph nodes kapena kapamba.

Kodi matenda a khansa ya parathyroid ndi otani?

Kuyembekezeka kwa khansa ya parathyroid kumadalira momwe opaleshoni yochotsera parathyroid gland imachitikira mukangopezeka koyamba, chifukwa njira zina zochiritsira monga radiation therapy ndi chemotherapy ndizochepa.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya parathyroid omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni yochotsa chithokomiro ndipo ali ndi malire olakwika, chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka chimakhala chokwera kufika pa 90% patatha zaka zisanu kuchokera pamene opaleshoni yoyamba idachitidwa. Chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka chimakhala chokwera kufika pa 67% patatha zaka khumi kuchokera pamene opaleshoni yoyamba idachitidwa.

Anthu opitilira theka omwe apezeka ndi khansa ya parathyroid ndipo akachitidwa opaleshoni yochotsa gland adzakumana ndi khansa yomwe imabwereranso. Pazochitikazi, khansa nthawi zambiri imabwereranso mkati mwa zaka ziwiri kapena zisanu kuchokera pamene opaleshoni yoyamba idachitika. Komabe, imatha kubwereranso patapita zaka makumi ambiri.

Kodi Khansa ya Parathyroid Ingapewedwe?

Mwatsoka, palibe njira yodziwika yopewera khansa ya parathyroid. Komanso, palibe njira yochepetsera chiopsezo chotenga matendawa. Ngati wina aliyense m'banja mwanu wakhala ndi matenda a parathyroid gland, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Ngati muli ndi khansa ya parathyroid, mungafune kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso monga awa:

• Kodi khansa yafalikira kupitirira parathyroid gland yanga?
• Kodi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha khansa ya parathyroid ndi chiyani?
• Kodi zoopsa ndi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?
• Kodi banja langa lili pachiwopsezo chotenga khansa ya parathyroid?
• Kodi ndingathe kudwalanso khansa ya parathyroid?
• Kodi ndili pachiwopsezo chotenga mitundu ina ya khansa?
• Kodi ndi chisamaliro chotani chomwe ndingafunike pambuyo pa chithandizo?
• Kodi ndiyenera kudziwa zizindikiro za mavuto?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Kupezeka ndi khansa kungakhale chinthu choopsa. Koma kumbukirani,Gulu lanu lachipatala lili pano kuti likuthandizeni ndikukuwonetsani njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Ngakhale opaleshoni ndiyo yokhayo yochiritsira khansa ya parathyroid, kafukufuku ndi chithandizo cha khansa zikusintha nthawi zonse. Pakhoza kukhala mayeso azachipatala omwe mungachite nawo. Chifukwa chake, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso okhudza khansa yanu ya parathyroid. Onetsetsani kuti zonse zafotokozedwa m'njira yomwe mukumvetsa.

Khansa ya Parathyroid , Zilonda za Parathyroid, Hypercalcemia, Homoni ya Parathyroid, PTH, Zizindikiro za Khansa, Chithandizo cha Khansa, Opaleshoni