Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza matenda a chiwindi otchedwa Hepatitis B, omwe amawononga chiwindi pang'onopang'ono.

Mwina munamvapo za Hepatitis B kwinakwake. Anthu ena amaiopa pang'ono, pomwe ena saisamala kwenikweni. Komabe, ichi ndi chinthu chomwe tonsefe tiyenera kudziwa. Mwachidule, Hepatitis B ndi kachilombo ka HIV komwe kamakhudza chiwindi chathu. Kamayambitsa ndi kachilombo ka Hepatitis B, kapena HBV mwachidule. Anthu ena amadwala ndipo amachira pakatha masiku ochepa popanda vuto lililonse. Komabe, kwa anthu ena, imatha kukhala matenda osatha omwe angayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chiwindi.

Kodi timapeza bwanji matenda a chiwindi (Hepatitis B)?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe matendawa amafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ngati tidziwa njira izi, titha kusamala.

Matenda a HBV amafalikira kwambiri m'njira zotsatirazi:

• Kugonana ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HBV: Iyi ndiyo njira yofala kwambiri yofalitsira matendawa. Ngati mugonana popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo choyenera, kachilomboka kangathe kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka kupita kwa munthu wathanzi.
• Kugawana singano ndi ma syringe omwe ali ndi kachilombo: Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu makamaka pakati pa anthu omwe amabaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Anthu ambiri akagwiritsa ntchito singano imodzi, kachilomboka kamafalikira mosavuta. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe sizinayeretsedwe bwino.
• (HBV) kwa mwana wakhanda: Ngati mayi ali ndi matendawa, kaya panthawi ya mimba kapena pobereka, pali mwayi waukulu woti mwana nayenso atenge kachilomboka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amayi apakati ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndi izi.

Tangoganizirani, kachilomboka kali m'magazi ndi m'madzi amthupi. Choncho, matendawa amafalikira pokhapokha ngati madzi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka alowa m'thupi la munthu wathanzi.

Kodi matenda a chiwindi a mtundu wa B oopsa komanso osatha ndi ati?

Madokotala amalankhula za mitundu iwiri ya Hepatitis B. Imodzi ndi Acute Hepatitis B , ndipo inayo ndi Chronic Hepatitis B.

• Matenda a Hepatitis B: Uwu ndi matenda a kanthawi kochepa omwe amapezeka mkati mwa miyezi 6 kuchokera pamene kachilomboka kakufalikira. Anthu ambiri amachira kwathunthu ku matendawa.
• Matenda a Hepatitis B Osatha: Komabe, anthu ena amakhalabe ndi kachilomboka m'thupi mwawo patatha miyezi 6. Pamenepo ndi pamene kamakhala kosatha, kutanthauza matenda a nthawi yayitali. Uwu ndiye woopsa kwambiri, chifukwa ungayambitse matenda a moyo wonse.

Pali chinthu china chofunikira pa izi.Munthu akamadwala kachilomboka ali wamng'ono, m'pamenenso kachilomboka kamakhala kosatha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutenga mwana wakhanda wokhala ndi `(HBV)`, 90% yokha ya ana amenewo ndi omwe amakhala ndi matenda osatha. Komabe, ngati munthu wazaka zoposa 5 akadwala, chiopsezo chimenecho chimatsika kufika pa 6%–10%.

Pachifukwa ichi, mabungwe monga World Health Organization (WHO) ndi Centers for Disease Control (CDC) amalimbikitsa kuti ana onse obadwa kumene alandire mlingo woyamba wa katemera wa hepatitis B mkati mwa maola 12-24 kuchokera pamene anabadwa. Mlingo wachiwiri umaperekedwa pa miyezi 1-2, ndipo mlingo wachitatu umaperekedwa pa miyezi 6-18. Katemerayu waphatikizidwanso mu pulogalamu ya dziko lonse ya katemera ku Sri Lanka.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis B ndi ziti?

Mukadwala `(HBV)`, mutha kukumana ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Zitha kuyambira kupweteka thupi mpaka matenda osatha a chiwindi omwe tidakambirana kale. Munthu amene ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis B akhoza kukumana ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za chimfine chofala. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kumva kutopa kwambiri, kumva wopanda moyo.
• Kumva ngati ukusanza, mwinanso kusanza.
• Kusowa chilakolako cha kudya , kusafuna kudya.
• Kukhala ndi malungo.

Kuonjezera pa izi, matenda a `(HBV)` angayambitse zizindikiro zina zingapo:

• Mkodzo wakuda kuposa wamba.
• Chimbudzi chimayamba kuoneka chopepuka kapena cha imvi.
• Jaundice : Iyi ndi matenda omwe maso ndi khungu zimasanduka achikasu.
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa.
• Kukhala ndi m'mimba.

Zizindikirozi zimayamba kuonekera pakati pa mwezi umodzi ndi isanu ndi umodzi mutatenga kachilombo ka hepatitis B. Zizindikirozi zimatha kukhala milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi ingapo.

Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti anthu ena sangasonyeze zizindikiro zilizonse akakhala ndi matenda a chiwindi otchedwa hepatitis B. Komabe, musaiwale kuti ngakhale munthu amene alibe zizindikiro zilizonse akhoza kufalitsa matendawa kwa wina.

Kodi matenda a chiwindi a mtundu wa B angayambitse mavuto otani?

Matenda a chiwindi a Hepatitis B osatha ndi matenda oopsa. Ngati apitirira, angayambitse matenda aakulu monga cirrhosis , kulephera kwa chiwindi , kapena khansa ya chiwindi . Izi zingapangitse munthu kudwala kwambiri komanso kufa.

Ngati mayi wapakati ali ndi matenda a chiwindi B, ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe zizindikiro zilizonse, pali mwayi waukulu woti mwana wake adzatenge matendawa panthawi yobadwa kapena atangobadwa kumene. Komabe, chiopsezochi chingachepe kwambiri ngati mwana wapatsidwa katemera wapadera (Immune Globulin) komanso mlingo woyamba wa katemera wa chiwindi B nthawi yomweyo atangobadwa.

Nthawi zina, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka `(HBV)` sangasonyeze zizindikiro kwa nthawi yayitali. Zizindikiro zikayamba kuonekera patatha nthawi yayitali chonchi, chiwindi chingakhale chitawonongeka kale ndipo mavuto akuluakulu amatha kukhala atayamba kale.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi Hepatitis B?

Ngati wina ali ndi zizindikiro izi, kapena ngati akukayikira kuti mwina adapezeka ndi kachilomboka kudzera mu kugonana kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Dokotala nthawi zambiri amatenga magazi ndikuchita mayeso. Kuyezetsa magazi kumeneku kumatha kuwona ngati pali ma antibodies ku kachilomboka. Kungathenso kudziwa ngati matendawa ndi oopsa kapena osatha.

Kodi mankhwala a Hepatitis B ndi otani?

Mwatsoka, palibe mankhwala a Hepatitis B. Madokotala amangothandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro zake. Mwachitsanzo, amalangiza anthu kuti azipuma mokwanira komanso kumwa madzi ambiri. Ngati munthu akudwala kwambiri moti sangadye kapena kumwa, angafunike kupita kuchipatala kuti akalandire chithandizo.

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti ana okalamba ndi achinyamata nthawi zambiri amachira matenda a chiwindi cha mtundu wa B. Angathenso kukhala ndi chitetezo chachilengedwe ku kachilomboka. Anthu ambiri amachira mkati mwa miyezi 6. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi cha mtundu wa B osatha amawunikidwa mosamala ndi azaumoyo. Nthawi zina, amapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa mavairasi .

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani munthu akadwala matenda a Hepatitis B?

Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi kachilomboka m'thupi lawo kwa moyo wawo wonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi omwe amanyamula matendawa kwa moyo wawo wonse ndipo amatha kufalitsa matendawa kwa ena. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kukumbukira, makamaka kwa anthu awa:

• Muyenera kupewa kumwa mowa kotheratu, chifukwa mowa ungawononge chiwindi kwambiri.
• Ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse (omwe amalembedwa ndi dokotala, omwe amaperekedwa ndi dokotala, kapena mavitamini ena). Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawo sadzawononganso chiwindi.
• Munthu amene watsimikiziridwa kuti ali ndi matenda a chiwindi B sangapereke magazi.

Kodi mungapulumuke ndi Hepatitis B?

Inde, mungathe! Iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri.

• Katemera:Tsopano, makanda onse obadwa kumene amalandira katemera wa chiwindi cha mtundu wa B m'njira zitatu mkati mwa miyezi 6. Katemerayu wachepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha matenda a chiwindi cha mtundu wa B. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti ana onse ndi achinyamata osakwana zaka 19 omwe sanalandire katemera woyenera kapena omwe sanamalize milingo yonse itatu alandire katemera wa "catch-up".

Pali zochitika zina zapadera pamene ana angafunike kupatsidwanso katemera akakula. Izi ndi izi:

• Ana omwe amayi awo ali ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B m'magazi mwawo.
• Ana omwe amafunika hemodialysis.
• Ana omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

• Chitetezo Pambuyo pa kukhudzana ndi kachilomboka: Ngati munthu amene sanalandire katemera wapezeka ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B (HBV), madokotala angamupatse katemerayo ndi/kapena jakisoni wa immune globulin womwe uli ndi ma antibodies olimbana ndi kachilomboka. Izi ndi kuyesetsa kupewa matenda. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mwapezeka ndi kachilomboka.

• Njira Zodzitetezera: Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda a chiwindi a mtundu wa B kudzera m'magazi ndi madzi ena a m'thupi, akuluakulu ndi achinyamata ayenera kutsatira malangizo awa:
• Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu ya latex nthawi zonse pogonana (mkamwa, m'mimba, kapena kumatako).
• Pewani kukhudzana ndi magazi a munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka.
• Musagwiritse ntchito jekeseni ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Musagwiritse ntchito jekeseni, singano, kapena zinthu zina zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Musagawane zinthu zanu monga maburashi a mano ndi malezala ndi ena.
• Yang'anani mosamala malo ojambulira zojambulajambula ndi kuboola. Onetsetsani kuti sakugwiritsanso ntchito singano zomwezo popanda kuziyeretsa bwino.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, kuchokera pa zomwe takambiranazi, ndikukhulupirira kuti mwamvetsetsa bwino za matenda a chiwindi a Hepatitis B. Pomaliza, zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndi izi:

• Chiwindi cha chiwindi B ndi kachilombo komwe kamakhudza chiwindi. Nthawi zina kamakhala kosatha ndipo kamayambitsa mavuto aakulu.
• Katemera ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku izi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa makanda obadwa kumene komanso omwe sanalandire katemera kuti akalandire.
• Kufalikira kwa matendawa kungapewedwe pogonana mosatetezeka, osagawana singano ndi ma syringe, komanso osagawana zinthu zaukhondo ndi ena.
• Kaya muli ndi zizindikiro kapena ayi, ngati mukukayikira, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala ndikuyesedwa.
• Ndikofunikira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a mtundu wa B osatha atsatire malangizo a dokotala wawo ndikusintha moyo wawo moyenera.

Kumbukirani, kudziwa bwino ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera. Inunso mutha kuphunzitsa ena za izi. Kenako tikhoza kuchepetsa matendawa kwa anthu.

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