Pamene mukukonzekera kukhala mayi, dokotala wanu mwina angakulangizeni mayeso angapo okhazikika. Chimodzi mwa mayeso ofunikira kwambiri omwe amachitidwa kumayambiriro kwa mimba yanu ndi kuyezetsa magazi. Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumatsimikizira zambiri osati gulu lanu la magazi (monga A, B, O, kapena AB); kumafufuzanso gawo linalake lotchedwa ' Rh factor '. Mungadabwe chifukwa chake izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ndikuti mkhalidwe wanu wa Rh nthawi zina ungakhudze thanzi la mwana wanu. Kumvetsetsa izi msanga n'kofunika kwambiri kwa inu ndi thanzi la mwana wanu. Ku Nirogi Lanka, tili pano kuti tikutsogolereni pa gawo lililonse la ulendo wanu wa mimba.
Kodi Rh Factor ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tiike zinthu mophweka.
Tiyeni tifotokoze bwino tanthauzo la 'Rh factor' yomwe ikukambidwa kawirikawiri. Tangoganizani kuti maselo ofiira a m'magazi m'thupi lanu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Pamwamba pa maselo awa, anthu ena ali ndi puloteni inayake—chizindikiro chaching'ono. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha 'Rh factor.' Si aliyense amene ali ndi puloteni iyi; komabe, anthu ambiri ali nayo.
- NgatiMuli ndi puloteni ya Rh iyi, mumayikidwa m'gulu la 'Rh-positive' .
- Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati magazi anu alibe puloteni iyi, mumaikidwa m'gulu la 'Rh-negative' .
Pakadali pano, zinthu zitha kukhala zikumveka bwino, eti? Mukawona chizindikiro chowonjezera kapena chochepera pafupi ndi mtundu wa magazi anu pa lipoti lanu la labu—monga A+, B-, kapena O+—ndicho chomwe (Rh factor) imatanthauza. Mwachidule, munthu amene ali ndi 'A positive' ali ndi puloteni ya Rh pa maselo awo a magazi a mtundu wa A, pomwe munthu amene ali ndi 'B negative' alibe puloteni yeniyeni ya Rh.
Kodi kwenikweni Rh Incompatibility ndi chiyani?
Tsopano popeza mwamvetsa bwino za (Rh factor) , tiyeni tiwone (Rh Incompatibility) . Ngakhale zikumveka ngati mawu ovuta azachipatala, kwenikweni ndi osavuta. (Rh Incompatibility) imachitika pamene mayi woyembekezera ndi bambo a mwana sali ndi udindo wofanana (Rh factor) —kutanthauza kuti onse si abwino kapena onse ndi oipa. Ndi vuto lomwe timaliganizira kwambiri, makamaka pamene mayi ali (Rh-negative) ndipo bambo ali (Rh-positive) .
Tiyeni titsatire chitsanzo kuti chimveke bwino
Tangoganizirani mayi wina dzina lake Nimali yemwe ali ndi (Rh-negative) , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti alibe mapuloteni enieni m'magazi mwake. Mwamuna wake, Kasun, ali ndi (Rh-positive) , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maselo ake a m'magazi amanyamula mapuloteni amenewo.
Nimali ndi Kasun akatenga pakati, pali mwayi waukulu woti mwanayo adzalandira khalidwe la (Rh-positive) kuchokera kwa abambo awo. Kumbukirani kuti izi sizichitika nthawi zonse, koma mwayiwo ndi waukulu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi theka la ana obadwa kwa mayi (Rh-negative) ndi bambo (Rh-positive) mwina ali ndi (Rh-positive) .
Pankhaniyi, mayi (Nimali) ali ndi (Rh-negative) , pomwe mwana ali ndi (Rh-positive) . Kusagwirizana kumeneku ndi komwe timatcha (Rh Incompatibility) . Kwenikweni ndi kusiyana kwa chitetezo cha mthupi pakati pa mayi ndi mwana—mkangano wochepa m'mawonekedwe awo achilengedwe.
N’chifukwa chiyani mwana woyamba nthawi zambiri amakhala bwino, ndipo mavuto amayamba bwanji?
Mungadzifunse kuti, 'Ngati pali kusagwirizana, n’chifukwa chiyani mimba yoyamba nthawi zambiri simakhudzidwa?' Izi ndi zoona. Nthawi zambiri, (Rh Incompatibility) siivulaza mwana panthawi yoyamba ya mimba . Izi zili choncho chifukwa, panthawi ya mimba, magazi a mayi ndi mwana amasungidwa mosiyana. Ngakhale kuti placenta imalola kusinthana kwa zakudya, maselo ofiira a mwana salowa kawirikawiri m'magazi a mayi. Imagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga choteteza.
Komabe, panthawi yobereka, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti magazi a mwana wanu angasakanizike ndi anu. Izi ndi zachilendo. Ngati magazi a mwana wanu (Rh-positive) alowa m'thupi lanu (monga mayi (Rh-negative) , chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chidzazindikira puloteni ya Rh pa maselo a magazi a makanda ngati 'wolowa m'malo achilendo.' Monga momwe thupi lanu limachitira ndi kachilombo kapena allergen, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimayamba kupanga mapuloteni apadera oteteza otchedwa (antibodies) kuti amenyane ndi puloteni ya Rh. (antibodies) awa akapangidwa, thupi lanu 'limawakumbukira' ndipo limakhala tcheru kwambiri ngati atakumananso ndi puloteni imeneyo.
Njira zina zomwe ma antibodies angapangidwire
Si nthawi yobereka yokha pamene mayi (Rh-negative) angathe kupanga ( antibodies ) amenewa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zochitika izi:
- Popeza adapatsidwa magazi
(Rh-positive)kale, mwina panthawi yomwe mayeso a Rh sanali okhazikika. - Ngati mudakumanapo ndi vuto la
( miscarriage ), chifukwa magazi a mwana wosabadwayo amatha kulowa m'thupi lanu panthawiyi. - Ngati mwakhalapo ndi
(Ectopic pregnancy), yomwe ndi vuto lomwe lingayambitse imfa pamene mimbayo imachitika kunja kwa chiberekero; izi zingayambitsenso kupanga ma antibodies. - Pa mayeso ena a mimba , monga
(amniocentesis), pamakhala chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri cha kusakanikirana kwa magazi.
Nthawi zonse kumbukirani kuti pazochitika izi, thupi lanu likhoza kupanga (antibodies) mutakumana ndi magazi a mwana kapena mwana wosabadwayo (Rh-positive) .
Kodi izi zimakhala zoopsa liti kwa mwana, ndipo ndi zoopsa bwanji?
Monga tanenera kale, ma antibodies a Rh (antibodies) omwe amapangidwa m'thupi lanu nthawi zambiri amakhala vuto panthawi ya mimba yanu yachiwiri kapena yotsatira , chifukwa mwana wanu woyamba nthawi zambiri amakhala wotetezeka chifukwa kupanga ma antibodies amenewa nthawi zambiri kumayamba panthawi yobereka kapena pambuyo pake.
Ngati muli ndi (Rh-negative) ndipo mwakhala kale ndi ma antibodies amenewa, ndipo muli ndi pakati pa mwana (Rh-positive) , chitetezo chanu cha mthupi tsopano 'chikuyang'anirani.' (antibodies) amenewa amatha kudutsa mu placenta , kulowa m'magazi a mwana, ndikuyamba kuukira maselo ofiira a mwana, omwe amawazindikira kuti ndi 'osasangalatsa.'
Izi zingayambitse maselo ofiira a mwana kutupa, kuphulika, ndi kuwonongeka. Matendawa amadziwika kuti (Hemolytic disease of the newborn) kapena matenda a Rh. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a mwana wanu—maselo omwe amayambitsa kunyamula mpweya—kungachepe kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi . Uwu ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafunika chithandizo chamankhwala kuchipatala monga Nirogi Lanka kapena chipatala chanu chadzidzidzi chapafupi.
- Mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi matenda a jaundice oopsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungaone khungu la mwana wanu ndi maso ake oyera ngati chikasu, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi.
- Matendawa angakhudze mtima wa mwana wanu, chiwindi, ndi ndulu. Nthawi zina, angayambitse kulephera kwa mtima.
- Pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri komanso yosachiritsidwa, pali chiopsezo cha imfa ya mwana wosabadwayo (kutaya mwana panthawi ya mimba).
Ngakhale zoopsazi zikumveka ngati zoopsa, ndikofunikira kuti musachite mantha. Kumbukirani: mavutowa ndi opewedwa, ndipo tili ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri omwe angakuthandizeni inu ndi mwana wanu kukhala otetezeka.
Kodi kusagwirizana kwa Rh kumayendetsedwa bwanji? Kodi muyenera kuda nkhawa?
Ndizachibadwa kuda nkhawa mukamva izi, koma nkhani yabwino kwambiri ndi yakuti mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa Rh amatha kupewedwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chotetezeka komanso chokhazikika . Palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa kwambiri. Gawo lofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu mosamala.
Jakisoni wa Rh Immune-Globulin: Chitetezo Chanu Chachikulu
Ngati dokotala wanu atsimikiza kuti muli pachiwopsezo cha Rh kusagwirizana (makamaka ngati muli ndi Rh-negative ndipo mnzanuyo ali ndi Rh-positive , kapena ngati Rh factor ya mnzanuyo siikudziwika), adzakupatsani mankhwala apadera otchedwa Rh immune-globulin . Ganizirani izi ngati bwenzi lanu lalikulu panthawi ya mimba. Nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa m'njira ziwiri:
- Mlingo woyamba nthawi zambiri umaperekedwa pafupifupi masabata 28 a mimba, chifukwa apa ndi pomwe chiopsezo cha kusakanikirana kwa magazi pang'ono pakati pa mayi ndi mwana chimayamba kukwera.
- Mlingo wachiwiri umaperekedwa mkati mwa maola 72 mutabereka, zomwe ndizofunikira chifukwa kubereka ndi nthawi yomwe magazi amasakanikirana kwambiri.
Jakisoni uyu amagwira ntchito ngati chishango, kuteteza thupi lanu kuti lisapange ma antibodies oopsa omwe angaukire maselo ofiira a magazi a mwana wanu. Mwa kukhala ngati chotchinga musanayambe mikangano, sikuti amateteza mwana wanu wamakono yekha komanso kumathandiza kuti mimba zamtsogolo zikhale zotetezeka.
Dziwani kuti ngati mutapita padera, mutachita opaleshoni monga amniocentesis , kapena mukutuluka magazi m'mimba mwanu mukakhala ndi pakati, dokotala wanu mwina adzakupatsani mlingo wa Rh immune-globulin kuti atsimikizire kuti chiopsezo chilichonse cha kupanga ma antibodies chathetsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati ma antibodies apangidwa kale?
Ngati zitapezeka kuti thupi lanu lakhala ndi ma antibodies a Rh—mwina chifukwa cha mimba yomwe munali nayo kale pomwe chithandizo sichinachitike—musadandaule. Inu ndi mwana wanu mudzayang'aniridwa mosamala . Dokotala wanu adzayang'anira kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies m'magazi anu ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma ultrasound scan apadera kuti atsimikizire kuti mwana wanu sakukhudzidwa. Ngati kusagwirizana kuli kwakukulu ndipo kumabweretsa chiopsezo kwa mwana, njira yotchedwa exchange transfusion ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi zimaphatikizapo kusintha magazi ena a mwana ndi magazi abwino, opanda Rh kuti akhazikitse kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Ngakhale kuti ndi yothandiza, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri jakisoni wa Rh immune-globulin kwapangitsa kuti milandu iyi ikhale yosowa kwambiri masiku ano.
Kodi ndi chiyani china chomwe muyenera kudziwa?
Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi pakati koma simukudziwa momwe mulili ndi Rh factor, chonde funsani dokotala wa banja lanu kapena dokotala wa za mimba mwamsanga kuti muyambe kusamalira mwana wapakati . Kuyesa mtundu wa magazi anu ndi Rh factor ndi gawo loyamba lofunikira komanso lofunikira.
Mwa kuzindikira msanga kusagwirizana kwa Rh ndi kuonetsetsa kuti chithandizo cha Rh immune-globulin chikuchitika nthawi yake, mutha kukonzekera molimba mtima kulandira mwana wathanzi. Chidziwitso ndiye mphamvu yanu yayikulu.
Khalani omasuka nthawi zonse kulankhula momasuka ndi dokotala wanu. Palibe funso lochepa kwambiri, ndipo palibe chifukwa chokayikira. Gulu lanu lazachipatala lilipo kuti likuthandizeni. Mukamvetsetsa bwino, mutha kudzisamalira bwino nokha ndi mwana wanu.
Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri
Kusagwirizana kwa Rh si chifukwa chodera nkhawa; ndi vuto losavuta komanso lopewera ngati lathetsedwa ndi chisamaliro choyenera chachipatala!
- Dziwani mtundu wa magazi anu ndi Rh factor yanu: Ndikofunikira kudziwa izi musanayambe kutenga mimba kapena msanga momwe mungathere panthawi ya mimba yanu. Iyi ndi sitepe yoyamba yofunika kwambiri.
- Dziwani bwino ngati muli ndi Rh-negative ndipo mnzanu ali ndi Rh-positive: Apa ndi pamene chiopsezo cha Rh-kusagwirizana chingachitike. Onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala wanu za izi.
- Khulupirirani kufunika kwa jakisoni wa Rh immune-globulin: Jakisoni iyi ndiyo njira yayikulu yotetezera inu ndi mwana wanu. Ndikofunikira kuilandira nthawi yomweyo dokotala wanu akakupatsani mankhwala.
- Ngakhale kuti mwana wanu woyamba nthawi zambiri sakhudzidwa, mimba zamtsogolo zitha kukhala pachiwopsezo: Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukhala maso nthawi iliyonse ya mimba. Ngakhale mutalandira jakisoni kale, mudzafunikanso pa mimba zina.
- Uzani dokotala wanu ngati mudapitapo padera, mimba yotuluka m'mimba, kapena kutuluka magazi: Zochitikazi zingayambitse thupi lanu kupanga ma antibodies, kotero kugawana mbiri iyi ndikofunikira kwa dokotala wanu.
- Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala molondola komanso pa nthawi yake: Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Pitani ku mayeso onse ofunikira, landirani jakisoni wanu monga momwe mwakonzera, ndipo tsatirani malangizo onse a akatswiri.
- Funsani mafunso mosazengereza: Kambiranani chilichonse chomwe chili m'maganizo mwanu ndi dokotala wanu kuti mumvetse bwino. Mukamadziwa zambiri, mumakhala omasuka komanso odzidalira kwambiri.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani. Ku Nirogi Lanka, cholinga chathu ndikuwona mayi ndi mwana aliyense ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso osangalala! Tikukufunirani zabwino zonse.
👩🏽⚕️ Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
💬 Kodi ndi zoopsa kwa mwana ngati mayi ndi bambo ali ndi magulu osiyana a magazi (kusagwirizana kwa Rh)?
Ayi. Kawirikawiri, kusiyana kwa magulu a magazi (monga A ndi O) si vuto. Chiwopsezo chimabwera pokhapokha ngati magazi a mayi ali ndi Rh-negative ndipo magazi a mwana ali ndi Rh-positive.
💬 N’chifukwa chiyani pamakhala kusamvana ngati mayi ali ndi Rh-negative ndipo mwana ali ndi Rh-positive?
Ngati magazi a mwana omwe ali ndi Rh-positive alowa m'thupi la mayi panthawi yobereka, chitetezo chamthupi chake chingazindikire kuti ndi chinthu chachilendo ndikupanga ma antibodies kuti chiukire. Izi nthawi zambiri sizimakhala vuto kwa mwana woyamba, koma ngati mwana wotsatira ali ndi Rh-positive, ma antibodies omwe alipo kale amatha kuwononga maselo a magazi a mwana wosabadwayo.
💬 Kodi jakisoni wapadera wotani womwe umaperekedwa kwa mayi kuti ateteze mwana wotsatira ku chiopsezochi?
Pofuna kupewa izi, mayi amapatsidwa jakisoni wa 'Anti-D' (RhIG), nthawi zambiri mkati mwa maola 72 mwana woyamba atabadwa kapena atapita padera. Izi zimaletsa kupanga ma antibodies oopsa m'thupi lanu.
Mawu Ofunika: Kusagwirizana kwa Rh, mimba, Rh factor, Rh immune-globulin, ma antibodies, thanzi la mwana, mtundu wa magazi
