Kodi pali mkangano pakati pa mtundu wa magazi anu ndi wa mwana wanu? (Kusagwirizana kwa Rh) Tiyeni tidziwe bwino lomwe!

Mukakonzeka kukhala mayi, dokotala wanu kapena mzamba wanu adzakufunsani kuti muyesedwe mosiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwa mayeso oyamba komanso ofunikira kwambiri ndikuwunika mtundu wa magazi anu. Izi sizimangoyang'ana gulu lanu la magazi (monga A, B, O, AB), komanso china chake chotchedwa ' Rh factor '. Mukuganiza kuti nchifukwa chiyani izi ndizofunikira kwambiri? Mukudziwa chiyani? '(Rh factor)' yanu nthawi zina ingakhudze thanzi la mwana m'mimba mwanu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti inu ndi mwana wanu mumvetse bwino izi kumayambiriro kwa mimba yanu.

Kodi Rh Factor ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta.

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe aliyense akunena za `(Rh factor)`. Tangoganizani kuti maselo ofiira m'magazi mwathu ali ngati timipira tating'ono. Anthu ena ali ndi puloteni yapadera, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, pamwamba pa maselo ofiira awa. Puloteni imeneyo ndi yomwe timaitcha `(Rh factor)`. Si aliyense amene ali ndi izi m'magazi mwawo. Koma anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi puloteni iyi m'maselo awo ofiira amagazi.

• Kotero, ngati wina ali ndi puloteni iyi ya Rh m'magazi mwake, timamutcha `(Rh-positive)` . Zili ngati kunena kuti 'inde, ili nayo'.
• Kumbali ina, ngati wina alibe puloteni ya Rh iyi m'magazi mwake, timamutcha `(Rh-negative)` . Zili ngati kunena kuti 'ayi, ayi'.

Tsopano mwamvetsa bwino pang'ono, sichoncho? Mu lipoti lanu la magazi, gulu la magazi lalembedwa ndi chizindikiro cha + kapena - monga A+, B-, O+, ndi `(Rh factor)` ichi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu 'A positive' ali ndi mtundu wa magazi A ndipo ali ndi mapuloteni a Rh, pomwe munthu 'B negative' ali ndi mtundu wa magazi B ndipo alibe mapuloteni a Rh.

Ndiye kodi kusagwirizana kwa Rh ndi chiyani?

Tsopano muli ndi lingaliro labwino la `(Rh factor)`. Tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo la `(Rh Incompatibility)`. Ngakhale kuti izi zingawoneke ngati mawu osokoneza pang'ono, kwenikweni ndi zosavuta. `(Rh Incompatibility)` ndi vuto lomwe lingachitike pamene `(Rh factor)` ya mayi ndi bambo a mwana sali ofanana, kaya abwino kapena oipa, ndiko kuti, ali osiyana . Makamaka, timalankhula za izi kwambiri pamene mayi ali `(Rh-negative)` ndipo bambo ali `(Rh-positive)`.

Tiyeni titenge chitsanzo ndikuona. Kenako zidzamveka bwino.

Tangoganizirani nkhaniyi yosavuta. Pali mayi wina dzina lake Nimali, yemwe magazi ake ndi `(Rh-negative)` (kutanthauza kuti alibe mapuloteni amenewo m'magazi mwake). Mwamuna wake, tiyeni tinene kuti Kasun, yemwe magazi ake ndi `(Rh-positive)` (mapuloteni amenewo amapezeka m'magazi mwake).

Tsopano popeza Nimali ndi Kasunu akuyembekezera mwana, pali mwayi waukulu kuti mwanayo adzalandira khalidwe la `(Rh-positive)` kuchokera kwa bambo.Izi zikutanthauza kuti magazi a mwana akhoza kukhala `(Rh-positive)`. Kumbukirani, sizimachitika nthawi zonse, koma nthawi zambiri zimachitika. Kawirikawiri amati pafupifupi theka la ana obadwa kwa mayi `(Rh-negative)` ndi bambo `(Rh-positive)` nthawi zambiri amakhala `(Rh-positive)`.

Kotero, mayi (Nimali) ndi `(Rh-negative)`, koma mwana ndi `(Rh-positive)`. Apa ndi pamene timalankhula za `(Rh Incompatibility)`. Izi zikutanthauza kuti `(Rh factor)` ya mayi ndi mwana ndi yosiyana. Zili ngati anthu awiri okhala m'nyumba imodzi, koma onse awiri amakonda mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya. Pali kusagwirizana pang'ono.

N’chifukwa chiyani mwana woyamba nthawi zambiri amakhala bwino? Ndiye vutoli limayamba bwanji?

Mwina mukuganiza kuti, 'Chabwino, nanga bwanji mwana woyamba sangakhale ndi vuto ndi kusagwirizana koteroko?' Nzoona. Nthawi zambiri, '(Kusagwirizana kwa Rh)' kumeneku kumakhala vuto lalikulu panthawi yoyamba ya mimba ya mayi, kutanthauza kuti sikuvulaza mwana . Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndichakuti panthawi ya mimba, magazi a mayi ndi a mwana amalekanitsidwa. Ngakhale kuti zakudya zimasinthidwa kudzera mu placenta, maselo ofiira a mwana salowa m'thupi la mayi (ndiko kuti, magazi a mayi). Zili ngati chotchinga choteteza.

Komabe, mwana akabadwa, ndiko kuti, panthawi yobereka , pali mwayi waukulu kuti magazi a mayi ndi a mwana azisakanikirana pang'ono. Izi ndi zachilendo. Ngati magazi a `(Rh-positive)` a mwana (ngati mayi ali `(Rh-negative)`) alowa m'thupi la mayi, chitetezo cha mthupi cha mayi chimazindikira puloteni ya Rh m'magazi a mwana ngati 'yachilendo'. Monga momwe kachilombo kapena china chake chomwe chimayambitsa ziwengo chimalowa m'thupi lathu. Kenako chitetezo cha mthupi cha mayi chimayamba kupanga mapuloteni apadera oteteza otchedwa `(antibodies)` motsutsana ndi puloteni iyi ya Rh. `(antibodies)` awa ali ngati asilikali ophunzitsidwa. Amapangidwa kuti aukire ndikuwononga maselo akunja ngati abwerera. `(antibodies)` awa akapangidwa, amakhalabe m'thupi la mayi, ndipo adzayamba kugwira ntchito ngati china chake chonga ichi chikachitikanso.

Ndi njira zina ziti zomwe ma antibodies angapangidwire?

Pali njira zina zomwe ma `( ma antibodies )` amenewa angapangidwire m'thupi la mayi yemwe ali ndi `(Rh-negative)`, osati panthawi yobereka yokha. Ndikofunikira kudziwa izi:

• Ngati mudalandirapo magazi a `(Rh-positive)` pangozi kale, mwina simunafufuzidwe bwino za `(Rh factor)` panthawiyo.
• Ngati mudapitapo padera kale , magazi a mwana wosabadwayo amathanso kulowa m'thupi la mayiyo panthawi yopita padera.
• `(Mimba yotuluka m'mimba)`Ngati munakhalapo ndi mimba yotuluka m'mimba (mimba yomwe ili kunja kwa chiberekero). Ichinso ndi vuto loopsa kwambiri ndipo lingayambitsenso kupanga ma antibodies.
• Mayeso ena omwe amachitidwa panthawi ya mimba , monga amniocentesis (mayeso omwe amachotsa madzi pang'ono m'thumba la amniotic la mwana), angayambitsenso kutuluka magazi pang'ono.

Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti pazochitika ngati izi, magazi a mwana (kapena mwana wosabadwayo) `(Rh-positive)` amatha kulowa m'thupi la mayi ndikupangitsa kuti `(antibodies)` ipangidwe.

Ndiye kodi mwana amakhala pachiwopsezo liti? Kodi ndi zoopsa bwanji?

Monga tanenera kale, ma antibodies a Rh omwe amakula m'thupi la mayi amakhala vuto pokhapokha mayi atakhala ndi pakati kachiwiri kapena pambuyo pake . Mwana woyamba nthawi zambiri savulazidwa, chifukwa ma antibodies amayamba kukula akabereka.

Tangoganizani kuti mayi (yemwe ali ndi `(Rh-negative)` ndipo tsopano ali ndi `(antibodies)` m'thupi mwake) ali ndi mwana wa `(Rh-positive)` m'mimba mwake. Kenako, ma `(antibodies)` omwe adapangidwa kale m'thupi la mayi ndipo ali maso amatha kuzindikira mapuloteni a Rh pamwamba pa maselo ofiira a mwana ngati ``achilendo, mdani.'' Monga alonda. Kenako `(antibodies)` awa amadutsa mu placenta ndikulowa m'magazi a mwana, ndikuyamba kuukira maselo ofiira osalakwa a mwana.

Izi zingayambitse maselo ofiira a mwana kutupa, kuphulika, ndi kuwonongeka. Timatcha vutoli kuti "matenda a hemolytic a mwana wakhanda" kapena matenda a Rh. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi la mwana (makamaka kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi omwe amanyamula mpweya). Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwanayo adzakhala ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi . Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri.

• Mwana akhoza kukhala ndi matenda a jaundice oopsa, omwe ndi chikasu cha maso ndi khungu. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa maselo ofiira amagazi akawonongeka.
• Izi zingakhudze mtima wa mwana, chiwindi, ndi ndulu. Nthawi zina, mtima ungalephere kugwira ntchito.
• Pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri, mwana amatha kufa ngakhale ali m'mimba.

Kotero ichi si chinthu choyenera kuonedwa mopepuka. Koma, musadandaule, mankhwala omwe tikambirane pano apangidwa kuti apewe zinthu izi.

Kodi Rh Incompatibility imachiritsidwa bwanji? Kodi tiyenera kuopa?

Tsopano mwina mukumva mantha pang'ono mukamva izi. Koma, nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti tsopano pali mankhwala abwino kwambiri komanso ogwira mtima omwe angateteze kwathunthu mavuto oopsa omwe angabwere chifukwa cha vutoli lotchedwa `(Rh Incompatibility)`. Choncho palibe chifukwa choopa kapena kuda nkhawa mosafunikira. Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira upangiri wa dokotala panthawi yake ndikuchita zomwe akunena.

Katemera wa Rh Immune-Globulin: Uyu ndiye chitetezo chathu chachikulu

Ngati madokotala asankha kuti mayi woyembekezera ali pachiwopsezo cha kusagwirizana kwa Rh (ndiko kuti, ngati mayiyo ali ndi Rh-negative ndipo bambo ake ali ndi Rh-positive, kapena ngati Rh factor ya bamboyo siikudziwika), adzapatsa mayiyo jakisoni wapadera wotchedwa Rh immune -globulin. Uyu ndiye ngwazi ya nkhaniyi. Jakisoniyu nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa m'milingo iwiri, panthawi yoyenera, panthawi yoyamba ya mimba:

• Katemera woyamba nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa patatha milungu 28 ya mimba. Apa ndi pamene magazi a mayi ndi mwana nthawi zambiri amayamba kusakanikirana pang'ono.
• Jakisoni wachiwiri amaperekedwa mkati mwa maola 72 kuchokera pamene mwana wabadwa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa magazi nthawi zambiri amasakanikirana panthawi yobereka.

Katemera wa `(Rh immune-globulin)` uyu amagwira ntchito ngati katemera , koma mosiyana pang'ono. Izi zimalepheretsa thupi la mayi kupanga ma antibodies oopsa a Rh`( antibodies )` omwe atchulidwa kale. Zili ngati kumanga khoma loteteza mdani asanabwere. Izi zitha kupewa mavuto azaumoyo omwe mwana wakhanda angakhale nawo, ndipo ngati mukuyembekezera mwana wina mtsogolo, izi zidzakhalanso chitetezo chabwino panthawi ya mimbayo.

Kumbukirani, ngati mayi wapita padera, amniocentesis , kapena mtundu wina uliwonse wa magazi panthawi ya mimba, madokotala nthawi zonse amamupatsa mlingo wa katemera wa Rh immune-globulin. Ngati pali chiopsezo chochepa cha kupanga ma antibodies, chotsaninso chimenecho.

Kodi mungachite chiyani ngati ma antibodies apangidwa kale m'thupi la mayi?

Tangoganizirani, nthawi zina, mwina chifukwa chakuti katemerayu sanaperekedwe panthawi yoyenera pa mimba yapitayi, kapena pazifukwa zina, dokotala amapeza kuti mayi wayamba kale kukhala ndi Rh `(antibodies)` m'thupi mwake. Kodi mumatani ndiye? Musadandaule, palinso chithandizo cha zimenezo. Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, mayi ndi mwana amawunikidwa mosamala kwambiri komanso mosamala kwambiri panthawi yonse ya mimba. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuwona ngati kuchuluka kwa `(antibodies)` m'magazi a mayi kukukwera moopsa komanso ngati kumakhudza mwana. Kujambula kwapadera ndi mayeso a magazi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.

Kawirikawiri, ngati kusagwirizana kuli kwakukulu mokwanira kuti kuike mwana pachiwopsezo, mwanayo angafunike kupatsidwa magazi apadera. Izi zimatchedwa kusinthana kwa magazi . Ngati izi zimachitika mwana asanabadwe (m'mimba), zimatchedwa intrauterine fetal transfusions.Inde, zitha kuchitika mwana atabadwa. "Kusinthana magazi" kumeneku kumachotsa magazi m'thupi la mwana omwe awonongeka ndi "ma antibodies" amenewo ndikulowa m'malo mwake ndi magazi omwe ali ndi maselo ofiira a ``Rh-negative`` abwinobwino. Izi zimakhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a mwana, komanso zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mwana kuchokera ku "ma antibodies" a mayi omwe ali kale m'magazi a mwana.

Koma, ndikubwerezanso, chifukwa cha kupambana kodabwitsa kwa katemera wa `(Rh immune-globulin)`, pali milandu yochepa kwambiri ya `(kusinthana kwa magazi)` yomwe ikuchitidwa masiku ano. Ku Sri Lanka nakonso, katemerayu amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwambiri, pafupifupi m'zipatala zonse, kotero titha kukhala ndi chidaliro chachikulu mwa iye.

Ndi chiyani china chofunikira kuti mudziwe pankhaniyi?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi pakati koma simukudziwa Rh factor yanu, chofunika kwambiri si kuchita mantha, koma kupita kwa dokotala wa banja lanu kapena dokotala wa ana aang'ono mwamsanga ndikuyamba chithandizo choyenera cha amayi oyembekezera . Izi zikuphatikizapo kufufuza mtundu wa magazi anu ndi Rh factor yanu. Iyi ndi sitepe yoyamba.

Ngati muzindikira vuto lotchedwa `(Rh Incompatibility)` msanga ndikupeza chithandizo chofunikira, makamaka katemera wa `(Rh immune-globulin)` pa nthawi yake , mutha kukonzekera kulandira mwana wanu m'dziko lino wathanzi, popanda mantha kapena kukayikira kosafunikira. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa izi ndikumvetsetsa bwino chidziwitsocho kudzakhala mphamvu yayikulu kwa inu.

Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za izi. Musaope kapena kukayikira kufunsa mafunso kapena nkhawa zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo. Musaganize zinthu monga, 'Kodi ichi ndi chinthu choyenera kufunsa?' kapena 'Dokotala angaganize chiyani?' Alipo kuti akuthandizeni inu ndi mwana wanu, kuti akuphunzitseni. Mukafunsa mafunso ambiri, mudzamvetsetsa bwino. Ndi zabwino kwa inu ndi mwana wanu.

Kotero, nazi zinthu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba):

Kusagwirizana kwa Rh si chinthu choopa, chikhoza kuthetsedwa ndi kupewedwa!

• Dziwani mtundu wa magazi anu ndi Rh factor yanu: Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi musanayambe kutenga mimba kapena kumayambiriro kwa mimba yanu. Iyi ndi sitepe yoyamba.
• Samalani kwambiri ngati mayi ali ndi `(Rh-negative)` ndipo bambo ali ndi `(Rh-positive): Apa ndi pomwe chiopsezo cha `(Rh Incompatibility)` chimayamba. Uzani dokotala wanu za izi.
• Khulupirirani katemera wa `(Rh immune-globulin)`: Katemera uyu ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakutetezani inu ndi mwana wanu. Onetsetsani kuti mwamulandira dokotala wanu akakupatsani katemerayu.
• Ngakhale kuti mwana woyamba nthawi zambiri sakhudzidwa, ana otsatira amatha kukhudzidwa: kotero izi ziyenera kuganiziridwanso nthawi iliyonse ya mimba. Ngakhale mutalandirapo katemera kale, muyenera kumulandiranso nthawi ino.
• Uzani dokotala wanu ngati mudatayapo mimba, mimba yotuluka m'mimba, kapena kuikidwa magazi: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa dokotala wanu , chifukwa izi zingayambitse kupanga ma antibodies.
• Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola komanso pa nthawi yake: Ichi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuposa zonse. Pezani mayeso omwe dokotala wanu wakuuzani kuti muchite, pezani katemera nthawi iliyonse yomwe akuuzani kuti atero, ndipo mverani zomwe akunena.
• Musaope kufunsa mafunso: Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za chilichonse chomwe chili m'maganizo mwanu. Mukadziwa zambiri, mudzakhala omasuka kwambiri.

Kotero, ndikukhulupirira kuti izi ndi zothandiza kwambiri kwa inu. Mayi wathanzi komanso mwana wachimwemwe ndiye chiyembekezo chokhacho kwa tonsefe! Zikomo kwambiri!

Kusagwirizana kwa Rh , mimba, Rh factor, Rh immune-globulin, ma antibodies, thanzi la mwana, mtundu wa magazi