Tonsefe timapuma nthawi zonse, sichoncho? Koma kodi timaganizirapo za momwe mapapu athu amagwirira ntchito mosamala komanso mosamala mkati mwa chifuwa chathu? Nthawi iliyonse tikamapuma, mapapu athu amadzaza ndi mpweya ngati baluni. Izi zikachitika, mapapu awa amakhala ndi chophimba chapadera choteteza chomwe chimawathandiza kuyenda bwino komanso mosavuta popanda kukhudza makoma amkati mwa chifuwa. Ndicho chimene timatcha 'pleura' mu mankhwala. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za pleura iyi, zomwe imachita, komanso mavuto azaumoyo omwe ingayambitse.
Mwachidule, kodi pleura ndi chiyani?
Tangoganizani mukupinda thumba la polythene pakati. Tsopano, zomwe zikuchitika apa zili ngati kuyika mpira wina mkati mwake. Pleura nayonso ndi nembanemba yopyapyala kwambiri, yofanana ndi madzi . Ili ndi zigawo ziwiri.
1. Chigawo chamkati (Visceral Pleura): Ichi ndi gawo lomwe limazungulira mapapo athu mwachindunji, mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapita kwa iwo, ndi mitsempha. Zili ngati golovu yogwira dzanja lanu. Chofunika kwambiri, chigawochi chilibe mitsempha yomva ululu .
2. Mbali yakunja (Parietal Pleura): Iyi ndi mbali yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi khoma lamkati la chifuwa, kutanthauza nthiti ndi minofu yogwirizana nayo. Koma ili ndi mitsempha yambiri yomva ululu . Ndicho chifukwa chake pakakhala vuto ndi pleura, timamva kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa, chifukwa mbali yakunja iyi imatupa.
Pali malo ochepa opanda kanthu pakati pa zigawo ziwirizi. Timatcha malo a pleural . Mkati mwa malowa muli gawo lochepa kwambiri la madzi (pleural fluid) lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati mafuta. Chifukwa cha madziwa, tikamapuma ndikudzaza mapapu, zigawo ziwirizi zimatsetsereka bwino popanda kumenyana. Izi zili ngati kuyika madzi pang'ono pakati pa magalasi awiri ndipo amatsetsereka mosavuta.
Mwachidule, ntchito yaikulu ya pleura ndi kuthandiza mapapu kukula ndi kufupika momasuka popanda chopinga kapena kukangana kulikonse tikamapuma.
Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza pleura?
Mwatsoka, nembanemba yofewa iyi imatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe angayambitse kupuma movutikira komanso kupweteka kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri.
| Matenda | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Pleurisy | Apa ndi pamene pleura imatupa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imatupa. Nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV kapena bakiteriya. Apa ndi pamene mzere wosalala komanso woterera wa pleura umasiya kugwira ntchito, ndipo zigawo ziwirizi zimayamba kukandana. Izi zimayambitsa ululu waukulu komanso wobaya mukamapuma kapena kutsokomola. |
| Kutuluka kwa Pleural | Madzi omwe ali mu pleural space omwe takambiranawa ndi madzi ambiri. Madzi amenewa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala supuni zochepa, amatha kusonkhana mpaka malita angapo. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri za izi. Amaonekera ndi matenda monga matenda a mtima, chibayo, ndi khansa. Madziwo akasonkhana, amaika mphamvu m'mapapo ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma. |
| Hemothorax | Apa ndi pamene malo olumikizirana mafupa amadzaza ndi magazi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuvulala kapena ngozi pachifuwa (monga ngozi ya galimoto, bala lobayidwa). Magazi amaunjikana ndikuyika mphamvu pa mapapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma. |
| Pneumothorax | Uku ndi kulowa kwa mpweya m'malo olumikizirana mafupa. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha dzenje lomwe lili m'mapapo kapena khoma la pachifuwa. Zitha kuchitikanso chifukwa cha ngozi, kapena nthawi zina popanda chifukwa chilichonse (makamaka kwa achinyamata, aatali, komanso owonda omwe amasuta). Mpweya ukasonkhana, mapapo amagwa. |
| Mesothelioma ya Pleural | Uwu ndi matenda oopsa pang'ono. Ndi matenda a khansa omwe amapezeka mu pleura. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kukhala ndi mankhwala otchedwa asbestos kwa nthawi yayitali. |
Kodi zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa pleural ndi ziti?
Tangoganizirani kuti mwagundidwa pachifuwa ndi mpira wothamanga kwambiri mukusewera cricket, kapena mwagwa pa njinga. Izi zitha kuwononga pleura. Pali zizindikiro zazikulu zingapo zomwe mudzakumana nazo:
- Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa:Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu. Ululuwu umakhala woopsa kwambiri makamaka mukapuma mpweya wozama, mukutsokomola, kapena mukutsimula . Anthu ambiri amanena kuti umakhala ngati wina akuwabaya pachifuwa ndi mpeni.
- Kupuma movutikira: Kuvutika kupuma, kumva ngati munthu walephera kupuma bwino, kumachitika pamene mapapo sakutha kudzaza mpweya bwino.
- Kupuma mofulumira komanso mwachidule: Popeza simungathe kupuma mozama chifukwa cha ululu, kupuma kwanu kumawonjezeka ndipo mumayamba kupuma pang'ono.
- Chifuwa: Anthu ena amathanso kukhala ndi chifuwa chouma.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, ngati muli ndi ululu waukulu pachifuwa komanso mukuvutika kupuma motere mutavulala pachifuwa, musanyalanyaze . Ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu.
Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo liti?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe zili pansipa, muyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Padzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi mwamsanga .
- Kupweteka pachifuwa mwadzidzidzi komanso kosapiririka.
- N'kovuta kwambiri kupuma.
- Milomo yabuluu kapena khungu (izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi silikupeza mpweya wokwanira).
- Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri komanso kukomoka.
Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji matenda amenewa?
Mukapita kwa dokotala, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndipo adzamvetsera pachifuwa chanu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope. Ngati pali vuto ndi pleura, nthawi zina mungamve pleural kukanda. Kuphatikiza apo, angachite mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire vuto lenileni.
- X-ray ya pachifuwa: Izi zitha kuwona ngati madzi kapena mpweya wasonkhana m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, kapena ngati mapapo agwa.
- Kujambula kwa CT ndi Kujambula kwa Ultrasound: Izi zimapereka zithunzi zomveka bwino komanso zatsatanetsatane kuposa X-ray. Zimathandiza kudziwa komwe vuto lili.
- Thoracentesis: Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala kwambiri kuchotsa madzi pang'ono m'malo olumikizirana mafupa ndikutumiza ku labotale kuti akayesedwe. Izi zingathandize kuzindikira zinthu monga matenda ndi kupezeka kwa maselo a khansa.
- Kujambula thoracoscopy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa chubu chaching'ono chokhala ndi kamera m'chifuwa kuti chiwone pleura ndi mapapo kuchokera mkati. Njirayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito potenga chitsanzo cha minofu (biopsy) ngati pakufunika kutero.
Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?
Chithandizo chimadalira matenda anu komanso kuopsa kwake.
- Mitundu ya mankhwala:Ngati pali matenda, maantibayotiki kapena mankhwala ena adzaperekedwa kuti athetse ululu. Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu adzaperekedwa kuti achepetse ululu.
- Kupereka mpweya: Ngati pali vuto lopuma, amapatsidwa mpweya.
- Kuchotsa madzi kapena mpweya: Ngati madzi kapena mpweya wambiri wasonkhana mu pleural space, singano kapena chubu chaching'ono (chubu cha pachifuwa) chimayikidwa kuti chichotsedwe.
- Opaleshoni: Nthawi zina, opaleshoni ingakhale yofunikira, makamaka ngati mpweya umadzaza mobwerezabwereza kapena pali mavuto ena.
- Chithandizo cha khansa: Ngati vutoli ndi la khansa, mankhwala enaake monga radiation therapy ndi chemotherapy amalimbikitsidwa.
Kodi tingatani kuti pleura yathu ikhale yathanzi?
Ngakhale kuti sitingathe kudziteteza ku matenda onse, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezo chathu.
- Pewani kusuta fodya konse: Kusuta fodya ndi mdani wamkulu wa mapapo komanso pleura. Kusuta fodya ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda monga pneumothorax.
- Dzitetezeni ku ngozi: Valani lamba wa chitetezo nthawi iliyonse mukakwera galimoto. Gwiritsani ntchito zovala ndi zida zodzitetezera zofunika mukamasewera masewera (makamaka rugby ndi mpira).
- Pewani matenda: Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi nthawi zonse. Izi zingakuthandizeni kuteteza matenda ambiri opuma.
- Pewani asbestos: Imapezeka m'nyumba zakale zomwe zikugwetsedwa komanso m'mafakitale ena. Pewani kukhudzana ndi zinthu zotere.
Kupuma kwanu kuli ngati ngwazi yopanda phokoso ya dongosolo lopumira. Timazindikira kufunika kwake kokha ngati pali vuto. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tidzisamalire.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Chipolopolo cha pleura ndi nembanemba yoteteza yokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri yomwe imazungulira mapapo.
- Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa komanso kuvutika kupuma mukapuma kapena kutsokomola kungakhale zizindikiro zazikulu za vuto la pleural.
- Chifuwacho chimatha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kuvulala pachifuwa, matenda, ndi matenda ena.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, makamaka pambuyo pa ngozi, musanyalanyaze ndipo pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo .
- Kupewa kusuta fodya ndi kudziteteza ku ngozi kumathandiza kwambiri kuti pleura ikhale yathanzi.
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