Kodi pleural effusion kwenikweni ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tidziwe bwino lomwe kuti ndi chiyani.

Mwina mwamvapo za munthu wokalamba amene akugonekedwa m'chipatala ndi "madzi m'mapapo." Mwina zachitikira munthu wina m'banja mwanu. Kodi "madzi m'mapapo" amenewa amatanthauza chiyani kwenikweni? Kodi ichi ndi chinthu choopa? Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za vutoli, lomwe limatchedwa "Pleural Effusion" m'mawu azachipatala, m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi kudzaza mapapu anu ndi madzi kumatanthauza chiyani kwenikweni?

Tangoganizani kuti mapapu athu ali m'chipinda choteteza mkati mwa chifuwa. Kuzungulira mapapu awa, komanso mkati mwa chifuwa, kuli ma nembanemba awiri owonda. Ali ngati buluni mkati mwa buluni. Timatcha ma nembanemba awiriwa kuti pleura.

Kawirikawiri, mwa munthu wathanzi, pamakhala madzi ochepa kwambiri pakati pa nembanemba ziwirizi. Zili ngati mafuta pang'ono mu makina. Chifukwa cha madzi ambiriwa, tikamapuma, mapapu athu akamakokana ndikufutukuka, njirayi imachitika popanda vuto lililonse kapena kukangana. Ndiyo njira yachilengedwe.

Koma mu mkhalidwe wotchedwa ``Pleural effusion'', madzi ambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira amasonkhana m'malo opanda kanthu pakati pa nembanemba ziwirizi. Izi ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri timazitcha "madzimadzi m'mapapo." Kunena zoona, madzi awa sadzaza mapapo okha, koma pakati pa nembanemba ziwiri za pleural zomwe zimazungulira mapapo.

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe madzi amasonkhana motere:

1. Thupi likhoza kukhala likupanga madzi ambiri ochulukirapo .

2. Kupanda kutero, thupi silingathe kuyamwanso bwino madzi omwe amapangidwa.

Mulimonsemo, zotsatira zake n’zakuti madzi amasonkhana mozungulira mapapo, n’kuwakakamiza, ndipo mavuto opuma amayamba.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zakumwa zomwe zimasonkhana pamodzi.

Madokotala amagawa pleural effusion m'mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu kutengera mtundu wa madzi omwe amasonkhana. Chifukwa zigawo za madzi zimatha kupereka lingaliro labwino la chomwe chimayambitsa.

Mukamachiza, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino lomwe mtundu wa matenda omwe muli nawo komanso chomwe chikuyambitsa matendawa.

Kodi ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe mungakumane nazo?

Anthu ena amakhala ndi pleural effusion koma sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Zimapezeka mwangozi panthawi ya X-ray pachifuwa pazifukwa zina. Komabe, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro, makamaka pamene madzi akuunjikana.

• Kuvuta kupuma: Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu komanso chofala kwambiri. Madzi akadzaza m'mapapo, mapapu samakhala ndi malo okwanira oti atulutse mpweya bwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma ndipo zimakupangitsani kumva ngati mukulephera kupuma.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa: Kupweteka kwakukulu komwe kumamveka makamaka mukapuma mpweya wozama kapena mukutsokomola. Izi zimachitika pamene ma pleural nembanemba awiriwa amakhuzana.
• Chifuwa chouma: Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi chifuwa chouma chosatha.
• Orthopnea: Ichi ndi chizindikiro chapadera. Kupuma kumakhala kovuta kwambiri mukagona pansi, koma kupuma kumakhala kosavuta mukakhala pansi kapena mutaimirira.
• Malungo: Ngati chifukwa chachikulu ndi matenda (monga chibayo), zizindikiro monga malungo ndi kupweteka kwa thupi zingaonekenso.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji vutoli?

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, iye adzakufunsani kaye za zizindikiro zanu ndi matenda ena aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo (monga matenda a mtima kapena matenda a shuga). Kenako adzaika stethoscope pachifuwa panu ndikumvetsera. Ngati pali madzi m'mapapo mwanu, mawu omwe mumamva mukapuma angasinthe.

Pambuyo pake, mayeso angapo adzalamulidwa kuti atsimikizire matendawa ndikupeza chomwe chikuyambitsa.

• X-ray ya pachifuwa: Iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yophweka kwambiri yoyezera. X-ray imatha kuona bwino ngati pali madzi m'mapapo komanso kuchuluka kwake.
• Kujambula kwa CT: Izi zingapangitse chithunzi chomveka bwino cha mapapo ndi malo olumikizirana mafupa (3D). Izi zingathandize kwambiri kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa madzimadzi (monga chotupa).
• Kujambula kwa Ultrasound: Izi zingathandize kudziwa komwe kuli madzi ndi kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolera singano m'derali, makamaka pochita njira yochotsera madzi.
• Thoracentesis: Iyi ndi imodzi mwa mayeso ofunikira kwambiri. Ikuphatikizapo kupanga kachidutswa kakang'ono pachifuwa, kuyika singano yaying'ono pakati pa nthiti ziwiri, ndikutenga chitsanzo cha madzi ozungulira mapapo. Kenako chitsanzo cha madzichi chimatumizidwa ku labu kuti akayesedwe.

Mumayang'ana chiyani poyesa chitsanzo chamadzimadzi?

Labu imayesa madziwo kuti ione ngati pali mapuloteni, shuga, mitundu ya maselo (kodi pali maselo a khansa?), ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya. Izi zimathandiza dokotala kudziwa ngati ndi ``Transudative'' kapena ``Exudative'', komanso ngati chifukwa chake ndi matenda, khansa, kapena china chake.

Nthawi zina, ngati mayesowa sakutha kuzindikira chomwe chikuyambitsa, njira yotchedwa thoracoscopy kapena VATS ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyika kamera kudzera m'mabala ang'onoang'ono amodzi kapena angapo pachifuwa kuti muyang'ane mwachindunji pleura ndi mapapo. Chitsanzo cha minofu chingatengedwenso kuti chikapangidwe biopsy.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Pali zolinga ziwiri zazikulu pochiza pleural effusion:

1. Kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo ndikuchepetsa mavuto opuma.

2. Kuchiza chomwe chimayambitsa kusonkhanitsa madzi m'thupi ndikuletsa kusonkhanitsa madzi m'thupi.

1. Kuchiza chifukwa chachikulu

• Ngati madzi asonkhana chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mtima , mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuti mtima ugwire bwino ntchito komanso okodzetsa (mapiritsi amadzi) omwe amachotsa madzi ochulukirapo m'thupi amaperekedwa.
• Chifukwa: ChibayoNgati ndi matenda a bakiteriya, maantibayotiki amaperekedwa.
• Ngati chifukwa chake ndi khansa , muyenera kupatsidwa mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi radiation.

2. Njira zochotsera madzi osonkhanitsidwa

• Thoracentesis Yochizira: Iyi ndi mayeso omwewo omwe tidakambirana kale, koma m'malo motenga chitsanzo, madzi ambiri momwe angathere amachotsedwa ndi singano. Izi zimathandiza wodwalayo kupeza mpumulo nthawi yomweyo.
• Chubu cha pachifuwa: Ngati kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kochuluka kapena madziwo ndi okhuthala (monga mafinya), chubu chaching'ono chotchedwa ``chubu cha pachifuwa'' chingaikidwe pachifuwa kwa masiku angapo. Madziwo amathiridwa pang'onopang'ono mu botolo kudzera mu chubu ichi.
• Pleural Sclerosis: Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi akupitirizabe kusonkhana chifukwa cha chifukwa monga khansa. Mu njira iyi, mankhwala apadera (monga talc) amalowetsedwa kudzera mu chubu cha pachifuwa pakati pa ma pleural nembanemba awiriwa. Mankhwalawa amayambitsa kutupa pakati pa ma pleural nembanemba awiriwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwirizana. Izi zimachotsa malo omwe madzi amatha kusonkhananso.
• Opaleshoni: Ngati njira zina sizikuyenda bwino kapena ngati pali chigawo chokhuthala chozungulira pleura chifukwa cha matenda, opaleshoni ingafunike.
• VATS (Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery): Opaleshoni yochitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kamera yoyikidwa kudzera m'mabala ang'onoang'ono.
• Kutsegula chifuwa: Opaleshoni yachikhalidwe yomwe imaphatikizapo kutsegula chifuwa. Izi zimatha kuchotsa minofu yonse yomwe yakhudzidwa.

Mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha vutoli

Ngati sichinachiritsidwe bwino, kutuluka kwa pleural effusion kungayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana.

• Matenda: Majeremusi amatha kulowa m'madzi ozungulira mapapo ndikupanga thumba.
• Zilonda kuzungulira mapapo: Kusunga madzi kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse kuti pleural nembanemba ikule, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapapo asatuluke bwino.
• Mapapu/Pneumothorax yosweka: Nthawi zina mapapo amatha kuwonongeka panthawi yochotsa madzi.

Choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro.

Kodi vutoli lingapewedwe?

Popeza kutuluka kwa pleural effusion kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena, chomwe tiyenera kuchita ndikuyesera kupewa kukula kwa matendawa.

• Pewani kusuta: Kusuta fodya ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mapapo ndi matenda a mtima.
• Pewani kukhudzana ndi asbestos: Izi zingayambitse matenda a m'mapapo.
• Moyo Wathanzi: Zinthu monga kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kuchepetsa kumwa mchere wambiri zingathandize kuwongolera matenda monga matenda a mtima ndi impso.
• Ngati muli kale ndi matenda a mtima kapena impso, imwani mankhwalawo monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera ndipo pitani kuchipatala nthawi yake.