Kodi n’koopsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana pamodzi? (Polysubstance Use Disorder) Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Mwina mwamvapo za anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kaya mapiritsi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena mowa, nthawi imodzi. Anthu ena amatenga imodzi kenako ina. Sizophweka kapena zazing'ono monga momwe mungaganizire. Izi ndi zomwe timatcha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo . Lero, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane momwe chizolowezichi chingakhudzire moyo wanu ndi thanzi lanu, komanso momwe mungachigonjetsere.

Kodi Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zambiri Ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri limachitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yoposa imodzi ya mankhwala, kutanthauza awiri kapena angapo nthawi imodzi, kapena mkati mwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Izi kale zinkadziwika kuti ``Polysubstance Abuse''. Apa ndi pamene mumayamba kuzolowera mankhwala amenewo ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu kumakhala kosokoneza zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku, thanzi lanu, komanso moyo wanu wabwino.

Tangoganizirani munthu akumwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu ndi mowa, kapena mankhwala opatsa mphamvu ndi mapiritsi ogonetsa. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha izi. Kusakaniza mankhwala ngati amenewa sikotetezeka konse. Zotsatira zake pa thupi lanu sizingadziwike, ndipo nthawi zambiri, zimatha kupha. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi vuto la thanzi la maganizo lomwe lingachiritsidwe. Ngati mwakonzeka, pali njira zambiri zopezera thandizo.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chili m'gulu la 'polydrugs'?

Ndipotu, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awiri kapena angapo pamodzi, amaonedwa kuti ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito chinthu monga cocaine mukumwa mowa , zimenezo zimagwera m'gulu ili chifukwa mukugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoposa chimodzi.

Kodi mankhwala operekedwa ndi dokotala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi?

Inde, ndithudi. Ngakhale mukumwa mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena, zimenezo zingakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kumwa mankhwala okhawo omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani, komanso monga momwe mwalangizidwira.

Ngati mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse tsiku lililonse, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena onse omwe mumamwa, kuphatikizapo mavitamini ndi zowonjezera. Mankhwala ena amatha kuyanjana. Dokotala wanu akhoza kusankha mankhwala otetezeka kwambiri kwa inu. Adzakuyang'aniraninso kuti awone ngati pali zotsatirapo zilizonse.

Kodi zizindikiro za vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (polysubstance use disorder) ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za vutoli zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu. Zimatengera mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukamwa mankhwala, mutha kukumana ndi izi:

• Kumva chisangalalo chachikulu ndi chisangalalo (euphoria).
• Kumva ngati thupi lanu likupepuka.
• Kumva tulo.
• Kapena nthawi zina kumva kutopa kwambiri komanso kuda nkhawa.

Pamene zotsatira za mankhwala osokoneza bongo zikutha, kutanthauza kuti , zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo , zizindikiro zotsatirazi zingawonekere:

• Kusintha kwa maganizo monga nkhawa, kusokonezeka maganizo, ndi kuvutika maganizo.
• Kupweteka kwa thupi, kumva ngati minofu ikung'ambika.
• Osagona.
• Kutuluka thukuta.
• Kutsegula m'mimba.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza.

Nazi zina mwa makhalidwe ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi vutoli:

• Kuika patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kunyalanyaza maudindo a anthu komanso aumwini.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mobisa kuchokera kwa ena.
• Kufika poti mukufunika mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti mugwire ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Osaganizira zinthu monga ukhondo, maonekedwe, chakudya, ndi zakumwa.
• Kukwiya ndi kukana pamene wina akunena za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Nthawi zina zizindikiro zimenezi zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira chifukwa anthu ambiri amabisa zizolowezi zimenezi n’kuziphatikiza m’moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku.

N’chifukwa chiyani vutoli limachitika?

Chifukwa chenicheni cha vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri sichikudziwikabe, koma kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti chizolowezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso momwe amakhudzira ubongo ndizomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.

Mwachidule, mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, dongosolo la mphotho muubongo wanu limalimbikitsidwa. Mankhwala monga dopamine amayenda muubongo wanu wonse, kukupatsani kumverera "kwabwino", chisangalalo. Pakapita nthawi, ubongo wanu umayamba kuika patsogolo malingaliro "abwino" opangidwa awa m'malo mwa malingaliro abwino komanso osangalatsa. Pamapeto pake, mumakhala oledzera nawo.

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe anthu amakopeka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oposa umodzi. Zina mwa zifukwa zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Mankhwala ena akalephera kupereka zotsatira zomwe akufuna, munthu amayesa kuzikwaniritsa ndi mankhwala ena.
• Kuyesa kuthana ndi zotsatira za mankhwala ena ndi mankhwala ena (koma mankhwala sangathe kuchita zimenezo, akuoneka kuti akuchita zimenezo).
• Pewani zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kapena onjezerani mphamvu yake kapena onjezerani mphamvu yake.
• Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusintha ena.
• Kuyesa "kudzipatsa mankhwala" pa matenda a thupi kapena amisala.

Kodi pali mitundu ya izi?

Inde, vutoli lingagawidwe m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena mwadala: Pankhaniyi, mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena mwadala kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya mankhwala ena.

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina mosadziwa:Pankhaniyi, simukudziwa kuti mankhwala omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito ali ndi mankhwala ena osakanikirana omwe simukudziwa. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ena akhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zoopsa monga `(Fentanyl)` zomwe zimasakanizidwa mwachinsinsi.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha izi?

Mungakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha vutoli pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• Ngati muli kale ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Ngati wina m'banja mwanu, kutanthauza wachibale wanu wa m'magazi, ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngati ili.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto la maganizo (monga kuvutika maganizo, nkhawa).
• Ngati muli pamalo omwe mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapezeka mosavuta, ngati mumakhala nthawi zonse mukuwagwiritsa ntchito.
• Ngati mwakumanapo ndi zovuta paubwana wanu.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angayambitse izi?

Pali mavuto ambiri omwe angabwere chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri. Mavuto awiri akuluakulu ndi kumwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso komanso imfa.

Kumwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso ndi pamene thupi lanu limalandira mankhwala oopsa ambiri (amodzi kapena angapo) oti simungawagwiritse ntchito. Izi zingayambitse ziwalo za thupi lanu kusiya kugwira ntchito. Zingakhale zoopsa ngakhale ngati sizikuthandizidwa mwachangu.

Kotero ichi si chinthu chongofunika kuchitenga mopepuka.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji vutoli?

Dokotala adzazindikira vutoli mwa kulankhula nanu ndikukufunsani mafunso okhudza zizindikiro zanu, mbiri yanu yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ngati munayesapo kusiya, komanso momwe munamvera mutasiya.

Mungathenso kuyesedwa thupi lanu kuti muwone thanzi lanu lonse. Mungathenso kuyesedwa mkodzo kapena magazi kuti muthandizidwe ndi chithandizo chanu kuti mudziwe mankhwala enieni omwe ali m'thupi lanu pakadali pano.

Buku la American Psychological Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR) limatchula matenda angapo okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Komabe, kope laposachedwa silitchula mwachindunji mawu akuti "vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo." Komabe, zizindikiro zimenezo zikufotokozedwa ndi matenda ena okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kodi chithandizo cha izi ndi chiyani?

Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zothandizira matenda a polysubstance use:

• Kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi: Kuchotsa zinthu zovulaza m'thupi.
• Uphungu/Chithandizo: Kupereka chithandizo chamaganizo ndi khalidwe.
• Mankhwala: Kuletsa zizindikiro zina ndikuchepetsa chizolowezi.

Dokotala wanu adzakulankhulani, adzamvetsetsa zolinga zanu za chithandizo, ndikukuthandizani kupanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe lingagwire ntchito kwa inu. Lidzakuthandizani kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kusiya kwathunthu.

Kodi kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi n'chiyani?

Kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi ndi njira yoyeretsera thupi lanu ku mankhwala owopsa. Kunena zoona, iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zovuta kwambiri pa chithandizo. Ikhoza kukhala yopweteka, nthawi zina ngakhale yotopetsa maganizo. Mungamve kudwala kwa masiku angapo mpaka mankhwalawo atachotsedwa kwathunthu m'thupi lanu. Komabe, pali mankhwala ena omwe angathandize kuthetsa zizindikirozi.

Anthu ena amakonda kukhala kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala chothandizira anthu okalamba ndikuchita izi motsogozedwa ndi dokotala. Mwanjira imeneyi, mudzakhala ndi chithandizo cha maola 24. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kuchita izi kunyumba, palinso njira zina zochiritsira kunja kwa chipatala.

Kodi uphungu/chithandizo n'chiyani?

Uphungu umaphatikizapo kudzipangira zolinga zanu ndikugwira ntchito ndi mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo kuti mukwaniritse zolingazo. Zolinga zazikulu za uphungu wa matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi izi:

• Kukuthandizani kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kuti mudzimvetse bwino nokha, zolinga zanu, ndi makhalidwe anu.
• Kukuthandizani kupeza njira zabwino zothetsera nkhawa, mikangano, kapena zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zolangizira zomwe zingathandize kuthana ndi vutoli. Nazi zitsanzo zina:

• Chithandizo cha Maganizo (CBT): Mu izi, mumaphunzira momwe malingaliro anu amakhudzira khalidwe lanu. Kenako mumakhazikitsa zolinga ndikugwira ntchito kuti mukwaniritse.
• Kusamalira Zokumana ndi Zovuta: Mu izi, mumakhazikitsa zolinga ndikuzikonza mwanjira yoti mudzalandire mphotho inayake mukakwaniritsa zolingazo.
• Chithandizo Cholimbikitsa Chilimbikitso: Iyi ndi njira yomwe imakulimbikitsani kukhazikitsa zolinga zomwe mungathe kukwaniritsa ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti mukwaniritse.
• Chithandizo cha Banja: Izi zikuphatikizapo kulumikizana ndi anthu omwe ali pafupi nanu omwe angakuthandizeni paulendo wanu wochira. Mu malo otetezeka, mutha kumvetsetsana ndikugwira ntchito yokwaniritsa zolinga zofanana.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe amaperekedwa pa izi?

Dokotala angakulembereni mankhwala, makamaka ngati mwagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena monga opioid (monga heroin, morphine). Ma opioid ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri thupi, makamaka mukasiya kumwa. Mankhwala angathandize kuchepetsa chilakolako champhamvu komanso zizindikiro zina zosiya kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Nazi zina mwa mankhwala ovomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) a opioid:

• 'Buprenorphine'
• `Methadone`
• `Naltrexone`

Mankhwalawa angayambitsenso zotsatirapo zoyipa. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani izi musanayambe kumwa mankhwalawo. Kuti mupewe zotsatirapo zoyipa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mutsatire malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola ndikugwira ntchito motsatira dongosolo la chithandizo. Funsani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi mafunso.

Palinso mankhwala ochepetsa chilakolako cha mowa komanso zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mowa (monga `Naltrexone`, `Disulfiram`, `Acamprosate`). Palinso mankhwala a nikotini (ndudu) monga mankhwala olowa m'malo mwa nikotini, `Bupropion`, `Varenicline`.

Kodi ndidzachira msanga bwanji nditalandira chithandizo?

Palibe nthawi yokhazikika yomwe ingagwire ntchito kwa aliyense, ndipo palibe amene anganene motsimikiza kuti zingatenge nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti muchire. Uwu ndi matenda osatha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwina muyenera kuthana ndi vutoli kwa moyo wanu wonse.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha vutoli n'chiyani?

Maganizo anu angasiyane malinga ndi munthu, ndipo dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angakufotokozereni molondola zomwe mungayembekezere malinga ndi vuto lanu.

Koma kumbukirani, vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi lochiritsika, ndipo kuchira n'kotheka. Koma chithandizo chimatenga nthawi ndi khama. Mungafunike kuyesa njira zosiyanasiyana kuti mupeze mankhwala omwe akukuthandizani.

Mungabwererenso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti musiye kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwakanthawi kenako n’kuyambiranso. Ngati izi zitachitika, muyenera kuchotsa poizoni m’thupi ndikuyambanso chithandizo. Izi zitha kuchitika kangapo mukuchira.

Koma kumbukirani kuti simuli nokha paulendowu. Gulu lanu lachipatala, okondedwa anu ali nanu nthawi zonse. Adzakuthandizani mukafuna thandizo.

Kodi vutoli lingapewedwe?

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri. Koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti n'zosatheka kupewa vutoli kotheratu. Pali zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, zamoyo, komanso zachikhalidwe zomwe zimakhudza momwe mankhwala amakhudzira thupi lanu.

Njira yabwino yochepetsera chiopsezo chanu cha matendawa ndi kudzera mu maphunziro. Kuphunzira momwe mankhwala aliwonse amakhudzira thupi la munthu kudzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake ndi osatetezeka.

Ngati muli ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri, ganizirani kusunga zinthu izi nanu kuti mutetezeke:

• Ngati munthu wamwa mopitirira muyeso, mankhwala monga "Naloxone" amatha kusintha.
• Mungagwiritse ntchito mipiringidzo yoyesera ya Fentanyl kuti muwone ngati pali zinthu zoopsa monga Fentanyl m'mankhwala osiyanasiyana.
• Nambala ya foni ya munthu amene mumamudalira amene mungamuimbire foni pakagwa ngozi.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo akusokoneza thanzi lanu komanso magwiridwe antchito anu a tsiku ndi tsiku, lankhulani ndi dokotala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chilakolako chanu chokhala "mowa" nthawi zonse chikusokoneza zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku, mukuvutika kupita kusukulu kapena kuntchito, mukuvutika kuti musamachite bwino kapena kuchita bwino, kapena mukuvutika kukhala paubwenzi ndi anzanu, ndikofunikira kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala panthawiyo. Dokotala angakuthandizeni kupeza chithandizo chomwe mukufuna.

Chochita pakakhala ngozi?

Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi za kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, imbani ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi (monga 911) nthawi yomweyo:

• Kutaya chidziwitso (kulephera kudzuka).
• Phokoso ngati kukodola kapena kukodola.
• Kupuma kumachepa kapena kumasiya.
• Maso a ana aang'ono ndipo amaoneka ngati nsonga ya singano.
• Milomo kapena zikhadabo zikuoneka ngati zasintha mtundu (buluu).

Zingakhale zovuta kuganizira china chilichonse kupatula mankhwala omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito panthawiyo, koma dziwani kuti mukakonzeka kupeza thandizo, thandizo limakhalapo nthawi zonse.

Kupempha thandizo kungakhale chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri zomwe mungachite. Mungayese kupempha thandizo kwa mnzanu kapena wachibale wanu. Chilimbikitso chawo chingakhale chomwe chikukulimbikitsani kuti mukawone dokotala.

Kuchira ndi chinthu chomwe chingatheke. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi gulu lothandizana. Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzakhala nanu panjira iliyonse.

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Chabwino, kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana, izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri m'thupi lanu n'koopsa kwambiri. Kungayambitse mavuto aakulu pa thupi lanu, maganizo anu, ndi moyo wanu.
• Uwu ndi matenda amisala omwe angathe kuchiritsidwa, choncho musataye mtima.
• Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akuvutika ndi vutoli, musaope kupempha thandizo. Madokotala, alangizi, banja lanu, ndi anzanu ali okonzeka kukuthandizani.
• Njira yochizira ikhoza kukhala yovuta, koma ndiyothandiza. Idzakuthandizani kwambiri kuti moyo wanu ubwererenso bwino.
• Kuchira ndi ulendo, osati chinthu chomwe chimachitika mwadzidzidzi. Pakhoza kukhala zopinga panjira, koma nthawi zonse mudzapeza mphamvu zodzukanso.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za izi, kapena ngati mukufuna thandizo, chonde funsani dokotala wodalirika kapena mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo . Kumbukirani nthawi zonse kuti simuli nokha.

Matenda a kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri , kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri, kuledzera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kusakaniza mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, thanzi la maganizo, matenda a kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo